2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18 * must display the following acknowledgement:
19 * This product includes software developed by the University of
20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
23 * without specific prior written permission.
25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
37 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
38 * @(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
39 * $FreeBSD: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.27.2.3 2001/08/01 01:37:35 obrien Exp $
40 * $DragonFly: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.8 2007/05/21 15:53:29 dillon Exp $
43 #include <sys/param.h>
46 #include <sys/device.h>
47 #include <sys/filio.h>
63 static void dd_close (void);
64 static void dd_in (void);
65 int main (int, char *[]);
66 static void getfdtype (IO
*);
67 static void setup (void);
69 IO in
, out
; /* input/output state */
70 STAT st
; /* statistics */
71 void (*cfunc
) (void); /* conversion function */
72 quad_t cpy_cnt
; /* # of blocks to copy */
73 off_t pending
= 0; /* pending seek if sparse */
74 u_int ddflags
; /* conversion options */
75 size_t cbsz
; /* conversion block size */
76 quad_t files_cnt
= 1; /* # of files to copy */
77 const u_char
*ctab
; /* conversion table */
80 main(int argc __unused
, char **argv
)
82 setlocale(LC_CTYPE
, "");
86 signal(SIGINFO
, summaryx
);
87 signal(SIGINT
, terminate
);
104 if (in
.name
== NULL
) {
106 in
.fd
= STDIN_FILENO
;
108 in
.fd
= open(in
.name
, O_RDONLY
, 0);
110 err(1, "%s", in
.name
);
115 if (files_cnt
> 1 && !(in
.flags
& ISTAPE
))
116 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
118 if (out
.name
== NULL
) {
119 /* No way to check for read access here. */
120 out
.fd
= STDOUT_FILENO
;
124 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
125 out
.fd
= open(out
.name
, O_RDWR
| OFLAGS
, DEFFILEMODE
);
127 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
128 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
132 out
.fd
= open(out
.name
, O_WRONLY
| OFLAGS
, DEFFILEMODE
);
136 err(1, "%s", out
.name
);
142 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
143 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
145 if (!(ddflags
& (C_BLOCK
| C_UNBLOCK
))) {
146 if ((in
.db
= malloc(out
.dbsz
+ in
.dbsz
- 1)) == NULL
)
147 err(1, "input buffer");
149 } else if ((in
.db
= malloc(MAX(in
.dbsz
, cbsz
) + cbsz
)) == NULL
||
150 (out
.db
= malloc(out
.dbsz
+ cbsz
)) == NULL
)
151 err(1, "output buffer");
155 /* Position the input/output streams. */
162 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
163 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
165 if ((ddflags
& (C_OF
| C_SEEK
| C_NOTRUNC
)) == (C_OF
| C_SEEK
) &&
167 if (ftruncate(out
.fd
, out
.offset
* out
.dbsz
) == -1)
168 err(1, "truncating %s", out
.name
);
171 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a
172 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the
175 if (ddflags
& (C_LCASE
| C_UCASE
)) {
176 if (ddflags
& (C_ASCII
| C_EBCDIC
)) {
177 if (ddflags
& C_LCASE
) {
178 for (cnt
= 0; cnt
<= 0377; ++cnt
)
179 casetab
[cnt
] = tolower(ctab
[cnt
]);
181 for (cnt
= 0; cnt
<= 0377; ++cnt
)
182 casetab
[cnt
] = toupper(ctab
[cnt
]);
185 if (ddflags
& C_LCASE
) {
186 for (cnt
= 0; cnt
<= 0377; ++cnt
)
187 casetab
[cnt
] = tolower((int)cnt
);
189 for (cnt
= 0; cnt
<= 0377; ++cnt
)
190 casetab
[cnt
] = toupper((int)cnt
);
196 gettimeofday(&tv
, (struct timezone
*)NULL
);
197 st
.start
= tv
.tv_sec
+ tv
.tv_usec
* 1e-6;
206 if (fstat(io
->fd
, &sb
) == -1)
207 err(1, "%s", io
->name
);
208 if (S_ISREG(sb
.st_mode
))
209 io
->flags
|= ISTRUNC
;
210 if (S_ISCHR(sb
.st_mode
) || S_ISBLK(sb
.st_mode
)) {
211 if (ioctl(io
->fd
, FIODTYPE
, &type
) == -1) {
212 err(1, "%s", io
->name
);
216 else if (type
& (D_DISK
| D_MEM
))
218 if (S_ISCHR(sb
.st_mode
) && (type
& D_TAPE
) == 0)
224 if (lseek(io
->fd
, (off_t
)0, SEEK_CUR
) == -1 && errno
== ESPIPE
)
237 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
242 if (st
.in_full
+ st
.in_part
>= (u_quad_t
)cpy_cnt
)
248 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
251 if (ddflags
& C_SYNC
) {
252 if (ddflags
& (C_BLOCK
| C_UNBLOCK
))
253 memset(in
.dbp
, ' ', in
.dbsz
);
255 memset(in
.dbp
, 0, in
.dbsz
);
258 n
= read(in
.fd
, in
.dbp
, in
.dbsz
);
267 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
268 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
270 if (!(ddflags
& C_NOERROR
))
271 err(1, "%s", in
.name
);
276 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
277 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
278 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
279 * in sector size chunks.
281 if (in
.flags
& ISSEEK
&&
282 lseek(in
.fd
, (off_t
)in
.dbsz
, SEEK_CUR
))
285 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
286 if (!(ddflags
& C_SYNC
))
289 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
290 in
.dbcnt
+= in
.dbrcnt
= in
.dbsz
;
293 /* Handle full input blocks. */
294 } else if ((size_t)n
== in
.dbsz
) {
295 in
.dbcnt
+= in
.dbrcnt
= n
;
298 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
300 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
301 if (ddflags
& C_SYNC
)
302 in
.dbcnt
+= in
.dbrcnt
= in
.dbsz
;
304 in
.dbcnt
+= in
.dbrcnt
= n
;
309 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
310 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
311 * is output without buffering as it is read.
313 if (ddflags
& C_BS
) {
314 out
.dbcnt
= in
.dbcnt
;
320 if (ddflags
& C_SWAB
) {
321 if ((n
= in
.dbrcnt
) & 1) {
325 swab(in
.dbp
, in
.dbp
, (size_t)n
);
334 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
342 else if (cfunc
== block
)
344 else if (cfunc
== unblock
)
346 if (ddflags
& C_OSYNC
&& out
.dbcnt
&& out
.dbcnt
< out
.dbsz
) {
347 if (ddflags
& (C_BLOCK
| C_UNBLOCK
))
348 memset(out
.dbp
, ' ', out
.dbsz
- out
.dbcnt
);
350 memset(out
.dbp
, 0, out
.dbsz
- out
.dbcnt
);
351 out
.dbcnt
= out
.dbsz
;
353 if (out
.dbcnt
|| pending
)
367 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
368 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
369 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
370 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
372 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
373 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
374 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
375 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
376 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
379 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
380 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
383 for (n
= force
? out
.dbcnt
: out
.dbsz
;; n
= out
.dbsz
) {
384 for (cnt
= n
;; cnt
-= nw
) {
386 if (ddflags
& C_SPARSE
) {
387 sparse
= 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
388 for (i
= 0; i
< cnt
; i
++)
394 if (sparse
&& !force
) {
401 if (lseek(out
.fd
, pending
, SEEK_CUR
) ==
403 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
406 write(out
.fd
, outp
, 1);
410 nw
= write(out
.fd
, outp
, cnt
);
417 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out
.name
);
419 err(1, "%s", out
.name
);
424 if ((size_t)nw
== n
) {
432 if ((size_t)nw
== cnt
)
434 if (out
.flags
& ISTAPE
)
435 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
437 if (out
.flags
& ISCHR
&& !warned
) {
439 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
443 if ((out
.dbcnt
-= n
) < out
.dbsz
)
447 /* Reassemble the output block. */
449 memmove(out
.db
, out
.dbp
- out
.dbcnt
, out
.dbcnt
);
450 out
.dbp
= out
.db
+ out
.dbcnt
;