1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 Teletypewriter (TTY) layer takes care of all those serial devices. Including
8 the virtual ones like pseudoterminal (PTY).
13 There are several major TTY structures. Every TTY device in a system has a
14 corresponding struct tty_port. These devices are maintained by a TTY driver
15 which is struct tty_driver. This structure describes the driver but also
16 contains a reference to operations which could be performed on the TTYs. It is
17 struct tty_operations. Then, upon open, a struct tty_struct is allocated and
18 lives until the final close. During this time, several callbacks from struct
19 tty_operations are invoked by the TTY layer.
21 Every character received by the kernel (both from devices and users) is passed
22 through a preselected :doc:`tty_ldisc` (in
23 short ldisc; in C, struct tty_ldisc_ops). Its task is to transform characters
24 as defined by a particular ldisc or by user too. The default one is n_tty,
25 implementing echoes, signal handling, jobs control, special characters
26 processing, and more. The transformed characters are passed further to
27 user/device, depending on the source.
29 In-detail description of the named TTY structures is in separate documents:
46 Before one starts writing a TTY driver, they must consider
47 :doc:`Serial <../serial/driver>` and :doc:`USB Serial <../../usb/usb-serial>`
48 layers first. Drivers for serial devices can often use one of these specific
49 layers to implement a serial driver. Only special devices should be handled
50 directly by the TTY Layer. If you are about to write such a driver, read on.
52 A *typical* sequence a TTY driver performs is as follows:
54 #. Allocate and register a TTY driver (module init)
55 #. Create and register TTY devices as they are probed (probe function)
56 #. Handle TTY operations and events like interrupts (TTY core invokes the
57 former, the device the latter)
58 #. Remove devices as they are going away (remove function)
59 #. Unregister and free the TTY driver (module exit)
61 Steps regarding driver, i.e. 1., 3., and 5. are described in detail in
62 :doc:`tty_driver`. For the other two (devices handling), look into
68 Miscellaneous documentation can be further found in these documents: