3 ==============================
4 Building Linux with Clang/LLVM
5 ==============================
7 This document covers how to build the Linux kernel with Clang and LLVM
13 The Linux kernel has always traditionally been compiled with GNU toolchains
14 such as GCC and binutils. Ongoing work has allowed for `Clang
15 <https://clang.llvm.org/>`_ and `LLVM <https://llvm.org/>`_ utilities to be
16 used as viable substitutes. Distributions such as `Android
17 <https://www.android.com/>`_, `ChromeOS
18 <https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os>`_, `OpenMandriva
19 <https://www.openmandriva.org/>`_, and `Chimera Linux
20 <https://chimera-linux.org/>`_ use Clang built kernels. Google's and Meta's
21 datacenter fleets also run kernels built with Clang.
23 `LLVM is a collection of toolchain components implemented in terms of C++
24 objects <https://www.aosabook.org/en/llvm.html>`_. Clang is a front-end to LLVM
25 that supports C and the GNU C extensions required by the kernel, and is
26 pronounced "klang," not "see-lang."
35 to compile for the host target. For cross compiling::
37 make LLVM=1 ARCH=arm64
42 LLVM has substitutes for GNU binutils utilities. They can be enabled
43 individually. The full list of supported make variables::
45 make CC=clang LD=ld.lld AR=llvm-ar NM=llvm-nm STRIP=llvm-strip \
46 OBJCOPY=llvm-objcopy OBJDUMP=llvm-objdump READELF=llvm-readelf \
47 HOSTCC=clang HOSTCXX=clang++ HOSTAR=llvm-ar HOSTLD=ld.lld
49 ``LLVM=1`` expands to the above.
51 If your LLVM tools are not available in your PATH, you can supply their
52 location using the LLVM variable with a trailing slash::
54 make LLVM=/path/to/llvm/
56 which will use ``/path/to/llvm/clang``, ``/path/to/llvm/ld.lld``, etc. The
57 following may also be used::
59 PATH=/path/to/llvm:$PATH make LLVM=1
61 If your LLVM tools have a version suffix and you want to test with that
62 explicit version rather than the unsuffixed executables like ``LLVM=1``, you
63 can pass the suffix using the ``LLVM`` variable::
67 which will use ``clang-14``, ``ld.lld-14``, etc.
69 To support combinations of out of tree paths with version suffixes, we
72 PATH=/path/to/llvm/:$PATH make LLVM=-14
74 ``LLVM=0`` is not the same as omitting ``LLVM`` altogether, it will behave like
75 ``LLVM=1``. If you only wish to use certain LLVM utilities, use their
76 respective make variables.
78 The same value used for ``LLVM=`` should be set for each invocation of ``make``
79 if configuring and building via distinct commands. ``LLVM=`` should also be set
80 as an environment variable when running scripts that will eventually run
86 A single Clang compiler binary (and corresponding LLVM utilities) will
87 typically contain all supported back ends, which can help simplify cross
88 compiling especially when ``LLVM=1`` is used. If you use only LLVM tools,
89 ``CROSS_COMPILE`` or target-triple-prefixes become unnecessary. Example::
91 make LLVM=1 ARCH=arm64
93 As an example of mixing LLVM and GNU utilities, for a target like ``ARCH=s390``
94 which does not yet have ``ld.lld`` or ``llvm-objcopy`` support, you could
97 make LLVM=1 ARCH=s390 LD=s390x-linux-gnu-ld.bfd \
98 OBJCOPY=s390x-linux-gnu-objcopy
100 This example will invoke ``s390x-linux-gnu-ld.bfd`` as the linker and
101 ``s390x-linux-gnu-objcopy``, so ensure those are reachable in your ``$PATH``.
103 ``CROSS_COMPILE`` is not used to prefix the Clang compiler binary (or
104 corresponding LLVM utilities) as is the case for GNU utilities when ``LLVM=1``
107 The LLVM_IAS= argument
108 ----------------------
110 Clang can assemble assembler code. You can pass ``LLVM_IAS=0`` to disable this
111 behavior and have Clang invoke the corresponding non-integrated assembler
114 make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=0
116 ``CROSS_COMPILE`` is necessary when cross compiling and ``LLVM_IAS=0``
117 is used in order to set ``--prefix=`` for the compiler to find the
118 corresponding non-integrated assembler (typically, you don't want to use the
119 system assembler when targeting another architecture). Example::
121 make LLVM=1 ARCH=arm LLVM_IAS=0 CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
127 ``ccache`` can be used with ``clang`` to improve subsequent builds, (though
128 KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP_ should be set to a deterministic value between builds
129 in order to avoid 100% cache misses, see Reproducible_builds_ for more info)::
131 KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP='' make LLVM=1 CC="ccache clang"
133 .. _KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP: kbuild.html#kbuild-build-timestamp
134 .. _Reproducible_builds: reproducible-builds.html#timestamps
136 Supported Architectures
137 -----------------------
139 LLVM does not target all of the architectures that Linux supports and
140 just because a target is supported in LLVM does not mean that the kernel
141 will build or work without any issues. Below is a general summary of
142 architectures that currently work with ``CC=clang`` or ``LLVM=1``. Level
143 of support corresponds to "S" values in the MAINTAINERS files. If an
144 architecture is not present, it either means that LLVM does not target
145 it or there are known issues. Using the latest stable version of LLVM or
146 even the development tree will generally yield the best results.
147 An architecture's ``defconfig`` is generally expected to work well,
148 certain configurations may have problems that have not been uncovered
149 yet. Bug reports are always welcome at the issue tracker below!
181 - ``LLVM=1`` (LLVM >= 18.1.0), ``CC=clang`` (LLVM < 18.1.0)
182 * - sparc (sparc64 only)
184 - ``CC=clang LLVM_IAS=0`` (LLVM >= 20)
195 - `Website <https://clangbuiltlinux.github.io/>`_
196 - `Mailing List <https://lore.kernel.org/llvm/>`_: <llvm@lists.linux.dev>
197 - `Old Mailing List Archives <https://groups.google.com/g/clang-built-linux>`_
198 - `Issue Tracker <https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues>`_
199 - IRC: #clangbuiltlinux on irc.libera.chat
200 - `Telegram <https://t.me/ClangBuiltLinux>`_: @ClangBuiltLinux
201 - `Wiki <https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/wiki>`_
202 - `Beginner Bugs <https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22>`_
209 We provide prebuilt stable versions of LLVM on `kernel.org
210 <https://kernel.org/pub/tools/llvm/>`_. These have been optimized with profile
211 data for building Linux kernels, which should improve kernel build times
212 relative to other distributions of LLVM.
214 Below are links that may be useful for building LLVM from source or procuring
215 it through a distribution's package manager.
217 - https://releases.llvm.org/download.html
218 - https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project
219 - https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html
220 - https://llvm.org/docs/CMake.html
221 - https://apt.llvm.org/
222 - https://www.archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/llvm/
223 - https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/tc-build
224 - https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/wiki/Building-Clang-from-source
225 - https://android.googlesource.com/platform/prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/