8 Upcoming Intel CPUs have support for recovering from some memory errors
9 (``MCA recovery``). This requires the OS to declare a page "poisoned",
10 kill the processes associated with it and avoid using it in the future.
12 This patchkit implements the necessary infrastructure in the VM.
14 To quote the overview comment::
16 High level machine check handler. Handles pages reported by the
17 hardware as being corrupted usually due to a 2bit ECC memory or cache
20 This focusses on pages detected as corrupted in the background.
21 When the current CPU tries to consume corruption the currently
22 running process can just be killed directly instead. This implies
23 that if the error cannot be handled for some reason it's safe to
24 just ignore it because no corruption has been consumed yet. Instead
25 when that happens another machine check will happen.
27 Handles page cache pages in various states. The tricky part
28 here is that we can access any page asynchronous to other VM
29 users, because memory failures could happen anytime and anywhere,
30 possibly violating some of their assumptions. This is why this code
31 has to be extremely careful. Generally it tries to use normal locking
32 rules, as in get the standard locks, even if that means the
33 error handling takes potentially a long time.
35 Some of the operations here are somewhat inefficient and have non
36 linear algorithmic complexity, because the data structures have not
37 been optimized for this case. This is in particular the case
38 for the mapping from a vma to a process. Since this case is expected
39 to be rare we hope we can get away with this.
41 The code consists of a the high level handler in mm/memory-failure.c,
42 a new page poison bit and various checks in the VM to handle poisoned
45 The main target right now is KVM guests, but it works for all kinds
46 of applications. KVM support requires a recent qemu-kvm release.
48 For the KVM use there was need for a new signal type so that
49 KVM can inject the machine check into the guest with the proper
50 address. This in theory allows other applications to handle
51 memory failures too. The expectation is that most applications
52 won't do that, but some very specialized ones might.
54 Failure recovery modes
55 ======================
57 There are two (actually three) modes memory failure recovery can be in:
59 vm.memory_failure_recovery sysctl set to zero:
60 All memory failures cause a panic. Do not attempt recovery.
63 (can be controlled globally and per process)
64 Send SIGBUS to the application as soon as the error is detected
65 This allows applications who can process memory errors in a gentle
66 way (e.g. drop affected object)
67 This is the mode used by KVM qemu.
70 Send SIGBUS when the application runs into the corrupted page.
71 This is best for memory error unaware applications and default
72 Note some pages are always handled as late kill.
77 vm.memory_failure_recovery
80 vm.memory_failure_early_kill
81 Enable early kill mode globally
84 Set early/late kill mode/revert to system default
86 arg1: PR_MCE_KILL_CLEAR:
87 Revert to system default
88 arg1: PR_MCE_KILL_SET:
89 arg2 defines thread specific mode
96 Use system global default
98 Note that if you want to have a dedicated thread which handles
99 the SIGBUS(BUS_MCEERR_AO) on behalf of the process, you should
100 call prctl(PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY) on the designated thread. Otherwise,
101 the SIGBUS is sent to the main thread.
109 * madvise(MADV_HWPOISON, ....) (as root) - Poison a page in the
112 * hwpoison-inject module through debugfs ``/sys/kernel/debug/hwpoison/``
115 Inject hwpoison fault at PFN echoed into this file. This does
116 some early filtering to avoid corrupted unintended pages in test suites.
119 Software-unpoison page at PFN echoed into this file. This way
120 a page can be reused again. This only works for Linux
121 injected failures, not for real memory failures. Once any hardware
122 memory failure happens, this feature is disabled.
124 Note these injection interfaces are not stable and might change between
127 corrupt-filter-dev-major, corrupt-filter-dev-minor
128 Only handle memory failures to pages associated with the file
129 system defined by block device major/minor. -1U is the
130 wildcard value. This should be only used for testing with
131 artificial injection.
134 Limit injection to pages owned by memgroup. Specified by inode
139 mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/mem/hwpoison
141 usemem -m 100 -s 1000 &
142 echo `jobs -p` > /sys/fs/cgroup/mem/hwpoison/tasks
144 memcg_ino=$(ls -id /sys/fs/cgroup/mem/hwpoison | cut -f1 -d' ')
145 echo $memcg_ino > /debug/hwpoison/corrupt-filter-memcg
147 page-types -p `pidof init` --hwpoison # shall do nothing
148 page-types -p `pidof usemem` --hwpoison # poison its pages
150 corrupt-filter-flags-mask, corrupt-filter-flags-value
151 When specified, only poison pages if ((page_flags & mask) ==
152 value). This allows stress testing of many kinds of
153 pages. The page_flags are the same as in /proc/kpageflags. The
154 flag bits are defined in include/linux/kernel-page-flags.h and
155 documented in Documentation/admin-guide/mm/pagemap.rst
157 * Architecture specific MCE injector
159 x86 has mce-inject, mce-test
161 Some portable hwpoison test programs in mce-test, see below.
166 http://halobates.de/mce-lc09-2.pdf
167 Overview presentation from LinuxCon 09
169 git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/cpu/mce/mce-test.git
170 Test suite (hwpoison specific portable tests in tsrc)
172 git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/cpu/mce/mce-inject.git
173 x86 specific injector
178 - Not all page types are supported and never will. Most kernel internal
179 objects cannot be recovered, only LRU pages for now.