1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /* iommu.c: Generic sparc64 IOMMU support.
4 * Copyright (C) 1999, 2007, 2008 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
5 * Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Jakub Jelinek (jakub@redhat.com)
8 #include <linux/kernel.h>
9 #include <linux/export.h>
10 #include <linux/slab.h>
11 #include <linux/delay.h>
12 #include <linux/device.h>
13 #include <linux/dma-map-ops.h>
14 #include <linux/errno.h>
15 #include <linux/iommu-helper.h>
16 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
17 #include <asm/iommu-common.h>
20 #include <linux/pci.h>
23 #include <asm/iommu.h>
25 #include "iommu_common.h"
28 #define STC_CTXMATCH_ADDR(STC, CTX) \
29 ((STC)->strbuf_ctxmatch_base + ((CTX) << 3))
30 #define STC_FLUSHFLAG_INIT(STC) \
31 (*((STC)->strbuf_flushflag) = 0UL)
32 #define STC_FLUSHFLAG_SET(STC) \
33 (*((STC)->strbuf_flushflag) != 0UL)
35 #define iommu_read(__reg) \
37 __asm__ __volatile__("ldxa [%1] %2, %0" \
39 : "r" (__reg), "i" (ASI_PHYS_BYPASS_EC_E) \
43 #define iommu_write(__reg, __val) \
44 __asm__ __volatile__("stxa %0, [%1] %2" \
46 : "r" (__val), "r" (__reg), \
47 "i" (ASI_PHYS_BYPASS_EC_E))
49 /* Must be invoked under the IOMMU lock. */
50 static void iommu_flushall(struct iommu_map_table
*iommu_map_table
)
52 struct iommu
*iommu
= container_of(iommu_map_table
, struct iommu
, tbl
);
53 if (iommu
->iommu_flushinv
) {
54 iommu_write(iommu
->iommu_flushinv
, ~(u64
)0);
59 tag
= iommu
->iommu_tags
;
60 for (entry
= 0; entry
< 16; entry
++) {
65 /* Ensure completion of previous PIO writes. */
66 (void) iommu_read(iommu
->write_complete_reg
);
70 #define IOPTE_CONSISTENT(CTX) \
71 (IOPTE_VALID | IOPTE_CACHE | \
72 (((CTX) << 47) & IOPTE_CONTEXT))
74 #define IOPTE_STREAMING(CTX) \
75 (IOPTE_CONSISTENT(CTX) | IOPTE_STBUF)
77 /* Existing mappings are never marked invalid, instead they
78 * are pointed to a dummy page.
80 #define IOPTE_IS_DUMMY(iommu, iopte) \
81 ((iopte_val(*iopte) & IOPTE_PAGE) == (iommu)->dummy_page_pa)
83 static inline void iopte_make_dummy(struct iommu
*iommu
, iopte_t
*iopte
)
85 unsigned long val
= iopte_val(*iopte
);
88 val
|= iommu
->dummy_page_pa
;
90 iopte_val(*iopte
) = val
;
93 int iommu_table_init(struct iommu
*iommu
, int tsbsize
,
94 u32 dma_offset
, u32 dma_addr_mask
,
97 unsigned long i
, order
, sz
, num_tsb_entries
;
100 num_tsb_entries
= tsbsize
/ sizeof(iopte_t
);
102 /* Setup initial software IOMMU state. */
103 spin_lock_init(&iommu
->lock
);
104 iommu
->ctx_lowest_free
= 1;
105 iommu
->tbl
.table_map_base
= dma_offset
;
106 iommu
->dma_addr_mask
= dma_addr_mask
;
108 /* Allocate and initialize the free area map. */
109 sz
= num_tsb_entries
/ 8;
110 sz
= (sz
+ 7UL) & ~7UL;
111 iommu
->tbl
.map
= kzalloc_node(sz
, GFP_KERNEL
, numa_node
);
115 iommu_tbl_pool_init(&iommu
->tbl
, num_tsb_entries
, IO_PAGE_SHIFT
,
116 (tlb_type
!= hypervisor
? iommu_flushall
: NULL
),
119 /* Allocate and initialize the dummy page which we
120 * set inactive IO PTEs to point to.
122 page
= alloc_pages_node(numa_node
, GFP_KERNEL
, 0);
124 printk(KERN_ERR
"IOMMU: Error, gfp(dummy_page) failed.\n");
127 iommu
->dummy_page
= (unsigned long) page_address(page
);
128 memset((void *)iommu
->dummy_page
, 0, PAGE_SIZE
);
129 iommu
->dummy_page_pa
= (unsigned long) __pa(iommu
->dummy_page
);
131 /* Now allocate and setup the IOMMU page table itself. */
132 order
= get_order(tsbsize
);
133 page
= alloc_pages_node(numa_node
, GFP_KERNEL
, order
);
135 printk(KERN_ERR
"IOMMU: Error, gfp(tsb) failed.\n");
136 goto out_free_dummy_page
;
138 iommu
->page_table
= (iopte_t
*)page_address(page
);
140 for (i
= 0; i
< num_tsb_entries
; i
++)
141 iopte_make_dummy(iommu
, &iommu
->page_table
[i
]);
146 free_page(iommu
->dummy_page
);
147 iommu
->dummy_page
= 0UL;
150 kfree(iommu
->tbl
.map
);
151 iommu
->tbl
.map
= NULL
;
156 static inline iopte_t
*alloc_npages(struct device
*dev
,
158 unsigned long npages
)
162 entry
= iommu_tbl_range_alloc(dev
, &iommu
->tbl
, npages
, NULL
,
163 (unsigned long)(-1), 0);
164 if (unlikely(entry
== IOMMU_ERROR_CODE
))
167 return iommu
->page_table
+ entry
;
170 static int iommu_alloc_ctx(struct iommu
*iommu
)
172 int lowest
= iommu
->ctx_lowest_free
;
173 int n
= find_next_zero_bit(iommu
->ctx_bitmap
, IOMMU_NUM_CTXS
, lowest
);
175 if (unlikely(n
== IOMMU_NUM_CTXS
)) {
176 n
= find_next_zero_bit(iommu
->ctx_bitmap
, lowest
, 1);
177 if (unlikely(n
== lowest
)) {
178 printk(KERN_WARNING
"IOMMU: Ran out of contexts.\n");
183 __set_bit(n
, iommu
->ctx_bitmap
);
188 static inline void iommu_free_ctx(struct iommu
*iommu
, int ctx
)
191 __clear_bit(ctx
, iommu
->ctx_bitmap
);
192 if (ctx
< iommu
->ctx_lowest_free
)
193 iommu
->ctx_lowest_free
= ctx
;
197 static void *dma_4u_alloc_coherent(struct device
*dev
, size_t size
,
198 dma_addr_t
*dma_addrp
, gfp_t gfp
,
201 unsigned long order
, first_page
;
208 size
= IO_PAGE_ALIGN(size
);
209 order
= get_order(size
);
213 nid
= dev
->archdata
.numa_node
;
214 page
= alloc_pages_node(nid
, gfp
, order
);
218 first_page
= (unsigned long) page_address(page
);
219 memset((char *)first_page
, 0, PAGE_SIZE
<< order
);
221 iommu
= dev
->archdata
.iommu
;
223 iopte
= alloc_npages(dev
, iommu
, size
>> IO_PAGE_SHIFT
);
225 if (unlikely(iopte
== NULL
)) {
226 free_pages(first_page
, order
);
230 *dma_addrp
= (iommu
->tbl
.table_map_base
+
231 ((iopte
- iommu
->page_table
) << IO_PAGE_SHIFT
));
232 ret
= (void *) first_page
;
233 npages
= size
>> IO_PAGE_SHIFT
;
234 first_page
= __pa(first_page
);
236 iopte_val(*iopte
) = (IOPTE_CONSISTENT(0UL) |
238 (first_page
& IOPTE_PAGE
));
240 first_page
+= IO_PAGE_SIZE
;
246 static void dma_4u_free_coherent(struct device
*dev
, size_t size
,
247 void *cpu
, dma_addr_t dvma
,
251 unsigned long order
, npages
;
253 npages
= IO_PAGE_ALIGN(size
) >> IO_PAGE_SHIFT
;
254 iommu
= dev
->archdata
.iommu
;
256 iommu_tbl_range_free(&iommu
->tbl
, dvma
, npages
, IOMMU_ERROR_CODE
);
258 order
= get_order(size
);
260 free_pages((unsigned long)cpu
, order
);
263 static dma_addr_t
dma_4u_map_page(struct device
*dev
, struct page
*page
,
264 unsigned long offset
, size_t sz
,
265 enum dma_data_direction direction
,
269 struct strbuf
*strbuf
;
271 unsigned long flags
, npages
, oaddr
;
272 unsigned long i
, base_paddr
, ctx
;
274 unsigned long iopte_protection
;
276 iommu
= dev
->archdata
.iommu
;
277 strbuf
= dev
->archdata
.stc
;
279 if (unlikely(direction
== DMA_NONE
))
282 oaddr
= (unsigned long)(page_address(page
) + offset
);
283 npages
= IO_PAGE_ALIGN(oaddr
+ sz
) - (oaddr
& IO_PAGE_MASK
);
284 npages
>>= IO_PAGE_SHIFT
;
286 base
= alloc_npages(dev
, iommu
, npages
);
287 spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
289 if (iommu
->iommu_ctxflush
)
290 ctx
= iommu_alloc_ctx(iommu
);
291 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
296 bus_addr
= (iommu
->tbl
.table_map_base
+
297 ((base
- iommu
->page_table
) << IO_PAGE_SHIFT
));
298 ret
= bus_addr
| (oaddr
& ~IO_PAGE_MASK
);
299 base_paddr
= __pa(oaddr
& IO_PAGE_MASK
);
300 if (strbuf
->strbuf_enabled
)
301 iopte_protection
= IOPTE_STREAMING(ctx
);
303 iopte_protection
= IOPTE_CONSISTENT(ctx
);
304 if (direction
!= DMA_TO_DEVICE
)
305 iopte_protection
|= IOPTE_WRITE
;
307 for (i
= 0; i
< npages
; i
++, base
++, base_paddr
+= IO_PAGE_SIZE
)
308 iopte_val(*base
) = iopte_protection
| base_paddr
;
313 iommu_free_ctx(iommu
, ctx
);
315 if (printk_ratelimit())
317 return DMA_MAPPING_ERROR
;
320 static void strbuf_flush(struct strbuf
*strbuf
, struct iommu
*iommu
,
321 u32 vaddr
, unsigned long ctx
, unsigned long npages
,
322 enum dma_data_direction direction
)
326 if (strbuf
->strbuf_ctxflush
&&
327 iommu
->iommu_ctxflush
) {
328 unsigned long matchreg
, flushreg
;
331 flushreg
= strbuf
->strbuf_ctxflush
;
332 matchreg
= STC_CTXMATCH_ADDR(strbuf
, ctx
);
334 iommu_write(flushreg
, ctx
);
335 val
= iommu_read(matchreg
);
342 iommu_write(flushreg
, ctx
);
345 val
= iommu_read(matchreg
);
347 printk(KERN_WARNING
"strbuf_flush: ctx flush "
348 "timeout matchreg[%llx] ctx[%lx]\n",
356 for (i
= 0; i
< npages
; i
++, vaddr
+= IO_PAGE_SIZE
)
357 iommu_write(strbuf
->strbuf_pflush
, vaddr
);
361 /* If the device could not have possibly put dirty data into
362 * the streaming cache, no flush-flag synchronization needs
365 if (direction
== DMA_TO_DEVICE
)
368 STC_FLUSHFLAG_INIT(strbuf
);
369 iommu_write(strbuf
->strbuf_fsync
, strbuf
->strbuf_flushflag_pa
);
370 (void) iommu_read(iommu
->write_complete_reg
);
373 while (!STC_FLUSHFLAG_SET(strbuf
)) {
381 printk(KERN_WARNING
"strbuf_flush: flushflag timeout "
382 "vaddr[%08x] ctx[%lx] npages[%ld]\n",
386 static void dma_4u_unmap_page(struct device
*dev
, dma_addr_t bus_addr
,
387 size_t sz
, enum dma_data_direction direction
,
391 struct strbuf
*strbuf
;
393 unsigned long flags
, npages
, ctx
, i
;
395 if (unlikely(direction
== DMA_NONE
)) {
396 if (printk_ratelimit())
401 iommu
= dev
->archdata
.iommu
;
402 strbuf
= dev
->archdata
.stc
;
404 npages
= IO_PAGE_ALIGN(bus_addr
+ sz
) - (bus_addr
& IO_PAGE_MASK
);
405 npages
>>= IO_PAGE_SHIFT
;
406 base
= iommu
->page_table
+
407 ((bus_addr
- iommu
->tbl
.table_map_base
) >> IO_PAGE_SHIFT
);
408 bus_addr
&= IO_PAGE_MASK
;
410 spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
412 /* Record the context, if any. */
414 if (iommu
->iommu_ctxflush
)
415 ctx
= (iopte_val(*base
) & IOPTE_CONTEXT
) >> 47UL;
417 /* Step 1: Kick data out of streaming buffers if necessary. */
418 if (strbuf
->strbuf_enabled
&& !(attrs
& DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC
))
419 strbuf_flush(strbuf
, iommu
, bus_addr
, ctx
,
422 /* Step 2: Clear out TSB entries. */
423 for (i
= 0; i
< npages
; i
++)
424 iopte_make_dummy(iommu
, base
+ i
);
426 iommu_free_ctx(iommu
, ctx
);
427 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
429 iommu_tbl_range_free(&iommu
->tbl
, bus_addr
, npages
, IOMMU_ERROR_CODE
);
432 static int dma_4u_map_sg(struct device
*dev
, struct scatterlist
*sglist
,
433 int nelems
, enum dma_data_direction direction
,
436 struct scatterlist
*s
, *outs
, *segstart
;
437 unsigned long flags
, handle
, prot
, ctx
;
438 dma_addr_t dma_next
= 0, dma_addr
;
439 unsigned int max_seg_size
;
440 unsigned long seg_boundary_size
;
441 int outcount
, incount
, i
;
442 struct strbuf
*strbuf
;
444 unsigned long base_shift
;
446 BUG_ON(direction
== DMA_NONE
);
448 iommu
= dev
->archdata
.iommu
;
449 strbuf
= dev
->archdata
.stc
;
450 if (nelems
== 0 || !iommu
)
453 spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
456 if (iommu
->iommu_ctxflush
)
457 ctx
= iommu_alloc_ctx(iommu
);
459 if (strbuf
->strbuf_enabled
)
460 prot
= IOPTE_STREAMING(ctx
);
462 prot
= IOPTE_CONSISTENT(ctx
);
463 if (direction
!= DMA_TO_DEVICE
)
466 outs
= s
= segstart
= &sglist
[0];
471 /* Init first segment length for backout at failure */
472 outs
->dma_length
= 0;
474 max_seg_size
= dma_get_max_seg_size(dev
);
475 seg_boundary_size
= dma_get_seg_boundary_nr_pages(dev
, IO_PAGE_SHIFT
);
476 base_shift
= iommu
->tbl
.table_map_base
>> IO_PAGE_SHIFT
;
477 for_each_sg(sglist
, s
, nelems
, i
) {
478 unsigned long paddr
, npages
, entry
, out_entry
= 0, slen
;
487 /* Allocate iommu entries for that segment */
488 paddr
= (unsigned long) SG_ENT_PHYS_ADDRESS(s
);
489 npages
= iommu_num_pages(paddr
, slen
, IO_PAGE_SIZE
);
490 entry
= iommu_tbl_range_alloc(dev
, &iommu
->tbl
, npages
,
491 &handle
, (unsigned long)(-1), 0);
494 if (unlikely(entry
== IOMMU_ERROR_CODE
)) {
495 if (printk_ratelimit())
496 printk(KERN_INFO
"iommu_alloc failed, iommu %p paddr %lx"
497 " npages %lx\n", iommu
, paddr
, npages
);
498 goto iommu_map_failed
;
501 base
= iommu
->page_table
+ entry
;
503 /* Convert entry to a dma_addr_t */
504 dma_addr
= iommu
->tbl
.table_map_base
+
505 (entry
<< IO_PAGE_SHIFT
);
506 dma_addr
|= (s
->offset
& ~IO_PAGE_MASK
);
508 /* Insert into HW table */
509 paddr
&= IO_PAGE_MASK
;
511 iopte_val(*base
) = prot
| paddr
;
513 paddr
+= IO_PAGE_SIZE
;
516 /* If we are in an open segment, try merging */
518 /* We cannot merge if:
519 * - allocated dma_addr isn't contiguous to previous allocation
521 if ((dma_addr
!= dma_next
) ||
522 (outs
->dma_length
+ s
->length
> max_seg_size
) ||
523 (is_span_boundary(out_entry
, base_shift
,
524 seg_boundary_size
, outs
, s
))) {
525 /* Can't merge: create a new segment */
528 outs
= sg_next(outs
);
530 outs
->dma_length
+= s
->length
;
535 /* This is a new segment, fill entries */
536 outs
->dma_address
= dma_addr
;
537 outs
->dma_length
= slen
;
541 /* Calculate next page pointer for contiguous check */
542 dma_next
= dma_addr
+ slen
;
545 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
547 if (outcount
< incount
) {
548 outs
= sg_next(outs
);
549 outs
->dma_length
= 0;
555 for_each_sg(sglist
, s
, nelems
, i
) {
556 if (s
->dma_length
!= 0) {
557 unsigned long vaddr
, npages
, entry
, j
;
560 vaddr
= s
->dma_address
& IO_PAGE_MASK
;
561 npages
= iommu_num_pages(s
->dma_address
, s
->dma_length
,
564 entry
= (vaddr
- iommu
->tbl
.table_map_base
)
566 base
= iommu
->page_table
+ entry
;
568 for (j
= 0; j
< npages
; j
++)
569 iopte_make_dummy(iommu
, base
+ j
);
571 iommu_tbl_range_free(&iommu
->tbl
, vaddr
, npages
,
579 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
584 /* If contexts are being used, they are the same in all of the mappings
585 * we make for a particular SG.
587 static unsigned long fetch_sg_ctx(struct iommu
*iommu
, struct scatterlist
*sg
)
589 unsigned long ctx
= 0;
591 if (iommu
->iommu_ctxflush
) {
594 struct iommu_map_table
*tbl
= &iommu
->tbl
;
596 bus_addr
= sg
->dma_address
& IO_PAGE_MASK
;
597 base
= iommu
->page_table
+
598 ((bus_addr
- tbl
->table_map_base
) >> IO_PAGE_SHIFT
);
600 ctx
= (iopte_val(*base
) & IOPTE_CONTEXT
) >> 47UL;
605 static void dma_4u_unmap_sg(struct device
*dev
, struct scatterlist
*sglist
,
606 int nelems
, enum dma_data_direction direction
,
609 unsigned long flags
, ctx
;
610 struct scatterlist
*sg
;
611 struct strbuf
*strbuf
;
614 BUG_ON(direction
== DMA_NONE
);
616 iommu
= dev
->archdata
.iommu
;
617 strbuf
= dev
->archdata
.stc
;
619 ctx
= fetch_sg_ctx(iommu
, sglist
);
621 spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
625 dma_addr_t dma_handle
= sg
->dma_address
;
626 unsigned int len
= sg
->dma_length
;
627 unsigned long npages
, entry
;
633 npages
= iommu_num_pages(dma_handle
, len
, IO_PAGE_SIZE
);
635 entry
= ((dma_handle
- iommu
->tbl
.table_map_base
)
637 base
= iommu
->page_table
+ entry
;
639 dma_handle
&= IO_PAGE_MASK
;
640 if (strbuf
->strbuf_enabled
&& !(attrs
& DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC
))
641 strbuf_flush(strbuf
, iommu
, dma_handle
, ctx
,
644 for (i
= 0; i
< npages
; i
++)
645 iopte_make_dummy(iommu
, base
+ i
);
647 iommu_tbl_range_free(&iommu
->tbl
, dma_handle
, npages
,
652 iommu_free_ctx(iommu
, ctx
);
654 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
657 static void dma_4u_sync_single_for_cpu(struct device
*dev
,
658 dma_addr_t bus_addr
, size_t sz
,
659 enum dma_data_direction direction
)
662 struct strbuf
*strbuf
;
663 unsigned long flags
, ctx
, npages
;
665 iommu
= dev
->archdata
.iommu
;
666 strbuf
= dev
->archdata
.stc
;
668 if (!strbuf
->strbuf_enabled
)
671 spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
673 npages
= IO_PAGE_ALIGN(bus_addr
+ sz
) - (bus_addr
& IO_PAGE_MASK
);
674 npages
>>= IO_PAGE_SHIFT
;
675 bus_addr
&= IO_PAGE_MASK
;
677 /* Step 1: Record the context, if any. */
679 if (iommu
->iommu_ctxflush
&&
680 strbuf
->strbuf_ctxflush
) {
682 struct iommu_map_table
*tbl
= &iommu
->tbl
;
684 iopte
= iommu
->page_table
+
685 ((bus_addr
- tbl
->table_map_base
)>>IO_PAGE_SHIFT
);
686 ctx
= (iopte_val(*iopte
) & IOPTE_CONTEXT
) >> 47UL;
689 /* Step 2: Kick data out of streaming buffers. */
690 strbuf_flush(strbuf
, iommu
, bus_addr
, ctx
, npages
, direction
);
692 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
695 static void dma_4u_sync_sg_for_cpu(struct device
*dev
,
696 struct scatterlist
*sglist
, int nelems
,
697 enum dma_data_direction direction
)
700 struct strbuf
*strbuf
;
701 unsigned long flags
, ctx
, npages
, i
;
702 struct scatterlist
*sg
, *sgprv
;
705 iommu
= dev
->archdata
.iommu
;
706 strbuf
= dev
->archdata
.stc
;
708 if (!strbuf
->strbuf_enabled
)
711 spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
713 /* Step 1: Record the context, if any. */
715 if (iommu
->iommu_ctxflush
&&
716 strbuf
->strbuf_ctxflush
) {
718 struct iommu_map_table
*tbl
= &iommu
->tbl
;
720 iopte
= iommu
->page_table
+ ((sglist
[0].dma_address
-
721 tbl
->table_map_base
) >> IO_PAGE_SHIFT
);
722 ctx
= (iopte_val(*iopte
) & IOPTE_CONTEXT
) >> 47UL;
725 /* Step 2: Kick data out of streaming buffers. */
726 bus_addr
= sglist
[0].dma_address
& IO_PAGE_MASK
;
728 for_each_sg(sglist
, sg
, nelems
, i
) {
729 if (sg
->dma_length
== 0)
734 npages
= (IO_PAGE_ALIGN(sgprv
->dma_address
+ sgprv
->dma_length
)
735 - bus_addr
) >> IO_PAGE_SHIFT
;
736 strbuf_flush(strbuf
, iommu
, bus_addr
, ctx
, npages
, direction
);
738 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu
->lock
, flags
);
741 static int dma_4u_supported(struct device
*dev
, u64 device_mask
)
743 struct iommu
*iommu
= dev
->archdata
.iommu
;
745 if (ali_sound_dma_hack(dev
, device_mask
))
748 if (device_mask
< iommu
->dma_addr_mask
)
753 static const struct dma_map_ops sun4u_dma_ops
= {
754 .alloc
= dma_4u_alloc_coherent
,
755 .free
= dma_4u_free_coherent
,
756 .map_page
= dma_4u_map_page
,
757 .unmap_page
= dma_4u_unmap_page
,
758 .map_sg
= dma_4u_map_sg
,
759 .unmap_sg
= dma_4u_unmap_sg
,
760 .sync_single_for_cpu
= dma_4u_sync_single_for_cpu
,
761 .sync_sg_for_cpu
= dma_4u_sync_sg_for_cpu
,
762 .dma_supported
= dma_4u_supported
,
765 const struct dma_map_ops
*dma_ops
= &sun4u_dma_ops
;
766 EXPORT_SYMBOL(dma_ops
);