2 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
3 * Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
5 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
6 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
7 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
8 #include <linux/utsname.h>
9 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
10 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
11 #include <linux/module.h>
12 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
13 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
14 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
15 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
16 #include <linux/kexec.h>
17 #include <linux/bug.h>
18 #include <linux/nmi.h>
19 #include <linux/sysfs.h>
20 #include <linux/kasan.h>
22 #include <asm/cpu_entry_area.h>
23 #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
24 #include <asm/unwind.h>
26 int panic_on_unrecovered_nmi
;
28 static int die_counter
;
30 static struct pt_regs exec_summary_regs
;
32 bool noinstr
in_task_stack(unsigned long *stack
, struct task_struct
*task
,
33 struct stack_info
*info
)
35 unsigned long *begin
= task_stack_page(task
);
36 unsigned long *end
= task_stack_page(task
) + THREAD_SIZE
;
38 if (stack
< begin
|| stack
>= end
)
41 info
->type
= STACK_TYPE_TASK
;
49 /* Called from get_stack_info_noinstr - so must be noinstr too */
50 bool noinstr
in_entry_stack(unsigned long *stack
, struct stack_info
*info
)
52 struct entry_stack
*ss
= cpu_entry_stack(smp_processor_id());
57 if ((void *)stack
< begin
|| (void *)stack
>= end
)
60 info
->type
= STACK_TYPE_ENTRY
;
68 static void printk_stack_address(unsigned long address
, int reliable
,
72 printk("%s %s%pBb\n", log_lvl
, reliable
? "" : "? ", (void *)address
);
75 static int copy_code(struct pt_regs
*regs
, u8
*buf
, unsigned long src
,
79 return copy_from_kernel_nofault(buf
, (u8
*)src
, nbytes
);
81 /* The user space code from other tasks cannot be accessed. */
82 if (regs
!= task_pt_regs(current
))
86 * Even if named copy_from_user_nmi() this can be invoked from
87 * other contexts and will not try to resolve a pagefault, which is
88 * the correct thing to do here as this code can be called from any
91 return copy_from_user_nmi(buf
, (void __user
*)src
, nbytes
);
95 * There are a couple of reasons for the 2/3rd prologue, courtesy of Linus:
97 * In case where we don't have the exact kernel image (which, if we did, we can
98 * simply disassemble and navigate to the RIP), the purpose of the bigger
99 * prologue is to have more context and to be able to correlate the code from
100 * the different toolchains better.
102 * In addition, it helps in recreating the register allocation of the failing
103 * kernel and thus make sense of the register dump.
105 * What is more, the additional complication of a variable length insn arch like
106 * x86 warrants having longer byte sequence before rIP so that the disassembler
107 * can "sync" up properly and find instruction boundaries when decoding the
110 * Thus, the 2/3rds prologue and 64 byte OPCODE_BUFSIZE is just a random
111 * guesstimate in attempt to achieve all of the above.
113 void show_opcodes(struct pt_regs
*regs
, const char *loglvl
)
115 #define PROLOGUE_SIZE 42
116 #define EPILOGUE_SIZE 21
117 #define OPCODE_BUFSIZE (PROLOGUE_SIZE + 1 + EPILOGUE_SIZE)
118 u8 opcodes
[OPCODE_BUFSIZE
];
119 unsigned long prologue
= regs
->ip
- PROLOGUE_SIZE
;
121 switch (copy_code(regs
, opcodes
, prologue
, sizeof(opcodes
))) {
123 printk("%sCode: %" __stringify(PROLOGUE_SIZE
) "ph <%02x> %"
124 __stringify(EPILOGUE_SIZE
) "ph\n", loglvl
, opcodes
,
125 opcodes
[PROLOGUE_SIZE
], opcodes
+ PROLOGUE_SIZE
+ 1);
128 /* No access to the user space stack of other tasks. Ignore. */
131 printk("%sCode: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0x%lx.\n",
137 void show_ip(struct pt_regs
*regs
, const char *loglvl
)
140 printk("%sEIP: %pS\n", loglvl
, (void *)regs
->ip
);
142 printk("%sRIP: %04x:%pS\n", loglvl
, (int)regs
->cs
, (void *)regs
->ip
);
144 show_opcodes(regs
, loglvl
);
147 void show_iret_regs(struct pt_regs
*regs
, const char *log_lvl
)
149 show_ip(regs
, log_lvl
);
150 printk("%sRSP: %04x:%016lx EFLAGS: %08lx", log_lvl
, (int)regs
->ss
,
151 regs
->sp
, regs
->flags
);
154 static void show_regs_if_on_stack(struct stack_info
*info
, struct pt_regs
*regs
,
155 bool partial
, const char *log_lvl
)
158 * These on_stack() checks aren't strictly necessary: the unwind code
159 * has already validated the 'regs' pointer. The checks are done for
160 * ordering reasons: if the registers are on the next stack, we don't
161 * want to print them out yet. Otherwise they'll be shown as part of
162 * the wrong stack. Later, when show_trace_log_lvl() switches to the
163 * next stack, this function will be called again with the same regs so
164 * they can be printed in the right context.
166 if (!partial
&& on_stack(info
, regs
, sizeof(*regs
))) {
167 __show_regs(regs
, SHOW_REGS_SHORT
, log_lvl
);
169 } else if (partial
&& on_stack(info
, (void *)regs
+ IRET_FRAME_OFFSET
,
172 * When an interrupt or exception occurs in entry code, the
173 * full pt_regs might not have been saved yet. In that case
174 * just print the iret frame.
176 show_iret_regs(regs
, log_lvl
);
181 * This function reads pointers from the stack and dereferences them. The
182 * pointers may not have their KMSAN shadow set up properly, which may result
183 * in false positive reports. Disable instrumentation to avoid those.
186 static void show_trace_log_lvl(struct task_struct
*task
, struct pt_regs
*regs
,
187 unsigned long *stack
, const char *log_lvl
)
189 struct unwind_state state
;
190 struct stack_info stack_info
= {0};
191 unsigned long visit_mask
= 0;
193 bool partial
= false;
195 printk("%sCall Trace:\n", log_lvl
);
197 unwind_start(&state
, task
, regs
, stack
);
198 regs
= unwind_get_entry_regs(&state
, &partial
);
201 * Iterate through the stacks, starting with the current stack pointer.
202 * Each stack has a pointer to the next one.
204 * x86-64 can have several stacks:
207 * - HW exception stacks (double fault, nmi, debug, mce)
210 * x86-32 can have up to four stacks:
216 for (stack
= stack
?: get_stack_pointer(task
, regs
);
218 stack
= stack_info
.next_sp
) {
219 const char *stack_name
;
221 stack
= PTR_ALIGN(stack
, sizeof(long));
223 if (get_stack_info(stack
, task
, &stack_info
, &visit_mask
)) {
225 * We weren't on a valid stack. It's possible that
226 * we overflowed a valid stack into a guard page.
227 * See if the next page up is valid so that we can
228 * generate some kind of backtrace if this happens.
230 stack
= (unsigned long *)PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long)stack
);
231 if (get_stack_info(stack
, task
, &stack_info
, &visit_mask
))
235 stack_name
= stack_type_name(stack_info
.type
);
237 printk("%s <%s>\n", log_lvl
, stack_name
);
240 show_regs_if_on_stack(&stack_info
, regs
, partial
, log_lvl
);
243 * Scan the stack, printing any text addresses we find. At the
244 * same time, follow proper stack frames with the unwinder.
246 * Addresses found during the scan which are not reported by
247 * the unwinder are considered to be additional clues which are
248 * sometimes useful for debugging and are prefixed with '?'.
249 * This also serves as a failsafe option in case the unwinder
250 * goes off in the weeds.
252 for (; stack
< stack_info
.end
; stack
++) {
253 unsigned long real_addr
;
255 unsigned long addr
= READ_ONCE_NOCHECK(*stack
);
256 unsigned long *ret_addr_p
=
257 unwind_get_return_address_ptr(&state
);
259 if (!__kernel_text_address(addr
))
263 * Don't print regs->ip again if it was already printed
264 * by show_regs_if_on_stack().
266 if (regs
&& stack
== ®s
->ip
)
269 if (stack
== ret_addr_p
)
273 * When function graph tracing is enabled for a
274 * function, its return address on the stack is
275 * replaced with the address of an ftrace handler
276 * (return_to_handler). In that case, before printing
277 * the "real" address, we want to print the handler
278 * address as an "unreliable" hint that function graph
279 * tracing was involved.
281 real_addr
= ftrace_graph_ret_addr(task
, &graph_idx
,
283 if (real_addr
!= addr
)
284 printk_stack_address(addr
, 0, log_lvl
);
285 printk_stack_address(real_addr
, reliable
, log_lvl
);
292 * Get the next frame from the unwinder. No need to
293 * check for an error: if anything goes wrong, the rest
294 * of the addresses will just be printed as unreliable.
296 unwind_next_frame(&state
);
298 /* if the frame has entry regs, print them */
299 regs
= unwind_get_entry_regs(&state
, &partial
);
301 show_regs_if_on_stack(&stack_info
, regs
, partial
, log_lvl
);
305 printk("%s </%s>\n", log_lvl
, stack_name
);
309 void show_stack(struct task_struct
*task
, unsigned long *sp
,
312 task
= task
? : current
;
315 * Stack frames below this one aren't interesting. Don't show them
316 * if we're printing for %current.
318 if (!sp
&& task
== current
)
319 sp
= get_stack_pointer(current
, NULL
);
321 show_trace_log_lvl(task
, NULL
, sp
, loglvl
);
324 void show_stack_regs(struct pt_regs
*regs
)
326 show_trace_log_lvl(current
, regs
, NULL
, KERN_DEFAULT
);
329 static arch_spinlock_t die_lock
= __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED
;
330 static int die_owner
= -1;
331 static unsigned int die_nest_count
;
333 unsigned long oops_begin(void)
340 /* racy, but better than risking deadlock. */
341 raw_local_irq_save(flags
);
342 cpu
= smp_processor_id();
343 if (!arch_spin_trylock(&die_lock
)) {
344 if (cpu
== die_owner
)
345 /* nested oops. should stop eventually */;
347 arch_spin_lock(&die_lock
);
355 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(oops_begin
);
357 void __noreturn
rewind_stack_and_make_dead(int signr
);
359 void oops_end(unsigned long flags
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, int signr
)
361 if (regs
&& kexec_should_crash(current
))
366 add_taint(TAINT_DIE
, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE
);
369 /* Nest count reaches zero, release the lock. */
370 arch_spin_unlock(&die_lock
);
371 raw_local_irq_restore(flags
);
374 /* Executive summary in case the oops scrolled away */
375 __show_regs(&exec_summary_regs
, SHOW_REGS_ALL
, KERN_DEFAULT
);
380 panic("Fatal exception in interrupt");
382 panic("Fatal exception");
385 * We're not going to return, but we might be on an IST stack or
386 * have very little stack space left. Rewind the stack and kill
388 * Before we rewind the stack, we have to tell KASAN that we're going to
389 * reuse the task stack and that existing poisons are invalid.
391 kasan_unpoison_task_stack(current
);
392 rewind_stack_and_make_dead(signr
);
394 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(oops_end
);
396 static void __die_header(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, long err
)
400 /* Save the regs of the first oops for the executive summary later. */
402 exec_summary_regs
= *regs
;
404 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPTION
))
405 pr
= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
) ? " PREEMPT_RT" : " PREEMPT";
408 "Oops: %s: %04lx [#%d]%s%s%s%s%s\n", str
, err
& 0xffff,
410 IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP
) ? " SMP" : "",
411 debug_pagealloc_enabled() ? " DEBUG_PAGEALLOC" : "",
412 IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN
) ? " KASAN" : "",
413 IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MITIGATION_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
) ?
414 (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PTI
) ? " PTI" : " NOPTI") : "");
416 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__die_header
);
418 static int __die_body(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, long err
)
423 if (notify_die(DIE_OOPS
, str
, regs
, err
,
424 current
->thread
.trap_nr
, SIGSEGV
) == NOTIFY_STOP
)
429 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__die_body
);
431 int __die(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, long err
)
433 __die_header(str
, regs
, err
);
434 return __die_body(str
, regs
, err
);
436 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__die
);
439 * This is gone through when something in the kernel has done something bad
440 * and is about to be terminated:
442 void die(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, long err
)
444 unsigned long flags
= oops_begin();
447 if (__die(str
, regs
, err
))
449 oops_end(flags
, regs
, sig
);
452 void die_addr(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, long err
, long gp_addr
)
454 unsigned long flags
= oops_begin();
457 __die_header(str
, regs
, err
);
459 kasan_non_canonical_hook(gp_addr
);
460 if (__die_body(str
, regs
, err
))
462 oops_end(flags
, regs
, sig
);
465 void show_regs(struct pt_regs
*regs
)
467 enum show_regs_mode print_kernel_regs
;
469 show_regs_print_info(KERN_DEFAULT
);
471 print_kernel_regs
= user_mode(regs
) ? SHOW_REGS_USER
: SHOW_REGS_ALL
;
472 __show_regs(regs
, print_kernel_regs
, KERN_DEFAULT
);
475 * When in-kernel, we also print out the stack at the time of the fault..
477 if (!user_mode(regs
))
478 show_trace_log_lvl(current
, regs
, NULL
, KERN_DEFAULT
);