1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
3 * linux/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
6 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
7 * Copyright (C) 2000 Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
8 * Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
9 * Copyright (C) 2005 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
12 #include <linux/export.h>
13 #include <linux/linkage.h>
14 #include <linux/threads.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
16 #include <linux/pgtable.h>
17 #include <asm/segment.h>
20 #include <asm/cache.h>
21 #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
22 #include <asm/percpu.h>
24 #include "../entry/calling.h"
25 #include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
26 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
27 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
29 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
32 * We are not able to switch in one step to the final KERNEL ADDRESS SPACE
33 * because we need identity-mapped pages.
38 SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(startup_64)
39 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
41 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 0,
42 * and someone has loaded an identity mapped page table
43 * for us. These identity mapped page tables map all of the
44 * kernel pages and possibly all of memory.
46 * %RSI holds the physical address of the boot_params structure
47 * provided by the bootloader. Preserve it in %R15 so C function calls
48 * will not clobber it.
50 * We come here either directly from a 64bit bootloader, or from
51 * arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S.
53 * We only come here initially at boot nothing else comes here.
55 * Since we may be loaded at an address different from what we were
56 * compiled to run at we first fixup the physical addresses in our page
57 * tables and then reload them.
61 /* Set up the stack for verify_cpu() */
62 leaq __top_init_kernel_stack(%rip), %rsp
64 /* Setup GSBASE to allow stack canary access for C code */
65 movl $MSR_GS_BASE, %ecx
66 leaq INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(fixed_percpu_data)(%rip), %rdx
71 call startup_64_setup_gdt_idt
73 /* Now switch to __KERNEL_CS so IRET works reliably */
75 leaq .Lon_kernel_cs(%rip), %rax
81 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
83 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
85 * Activate SEV/SME memory encryption if supported/enabled. This needs to
86 * be done now, since this also includes setup of the SEV-SNP CPUID table,
87 * which needs to be done before any CPUID instructions are executed in
88 * subsequent code. Pass the boot_params pointer as the first argument.
94 /* Sanitize CPU configuration */
98 * Perform pagetable fixups. Additionally, if SME is active, encrypt
99 * the kernel and retrieve the modifier (SME encryption mask if SME
100 * is active) to be added to the initial pgdir entry that will be
101 * programmed into CR3.
103 leaq _text(%rip), %rdi
107 /* Form the CR3 value being sure to include the CR3 modifier */
108 leaq early_top_pgt(%rip), %rcx
111 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
115 * For SEV guests: Verify that the C-bit is correct. A malicious
116 * hypervisor could lie about the C-bit position to perform a ROP
117 * attack on the guest by writing to the unencrypted stack and wait for
118 * the next RET instruction.
124 * Switch to early_top_pgt which still has the identity mappings
129 /* Branch to the common startup code at its kernel virtual address */
130 ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE
132 SYM_CODE_END(startup_64)
135 0: .quad common_startup_64
138 SYM_CODE_START(secondary_startup_64)
139 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
142 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 0,
143 * and someone has loaded a mapped page table.
145 * We come here either from startup_64 (using physical addresses)
146 * or from trampoline.S (using virtual addresses).
148 * Using virtual addresses from trampoline.S removes the need
149 * to have any identity mapped pages in the kernel page table
150 * after the boot processor executes this code.
153 /* Sanitize CPU configuration */
157 * The secondary_startup_64_no_verify entry point is only used by
158 * SEV-ES guests. In those guests the call to verify_cpu() would cause
159 * #VC exceptions which can not be handled at this stage of secondary
162 * All non SEV-ES systems, especially Intel systems, need to execute
163 * verify_cpu() above to make sure NX is enabled.
165 SYM_INNER_LABEL(secondary_startup_64_no_verify, SYM_L_GLOBAL)
166 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
169 /* Clear %R15 which holds the boot_params pointer on the boot CPU */
172 /* Derive the runtime physical address of init_top_pgt[] */
173 movq phys_base(%rip), %rax
174 addq $(init_top_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax
177 * Retrieve the modifier (SME encryption mask if SME is active) to be
178 * added to the initial pgdir entry that will be programmed into CR3.
180 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
181 addq sme_me_mask(%rip), %rax
184 * Switch to the init_top_pgt here, away from the trampoline_pgd and
185 * unmap the identity mapped ranges.
189 SYM_INNER_LABEL(common_startup_64, SYM_L_LOCAL)
190 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
194 * Create a mask of CR4 bits to preserve. Omit PGE in order to flush
195 * global 1:1 translations from the TLBs.
198 * "If CR4.PGE is changing from 0 to 1, there were no global TLB
199 * entries before the execution; if CR4.PGE is changing from 1 to 0,
200 * there will be no global TLB entries after the execution."
202 movl $(X86_CR4_PAE | X86_CR4_LA57), %edx
203 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE
205 * Preserve CR4.MCE if the kernel will enable #MC support.
206 * Clearing MCE may fault in some environments (that also force #MC
207 * support). Any machine check that occurs before #MC support is fully
208 * configured will crash the system regardless of the CR4.MCE value set
211 orl $X86_CR4_MCE, %edx
216 /* Even if ignored in long mode, set PSE uniformly on all logical CPUs. */
217 btsl $X86_CR4_PSE_BIT, %ecx
221 * Set CR4.PGE to re-enable global translations.
223 btsl $X86_CR4_PGE_BIT, %ecx
228 * For parallel boot, the APIC ID is read from the APIC, and then
229 * used to look up the CPU number. For booting a single CPU, the
230 * CPU number is encoded in smpboot_control.
232 * Bit 31 STARTUP_READ_APICID (Read APICID from APIC)
233 * Bit 0-23 CPU# if STARTUP_xx flags are not set
235 movl smpboot_control(%rip), %ecx
236 testl $STARTUP_READ_APICID, %ecx
239 * No control bit set, single CPU bringup. CPU number is provided
240 * in bit 0-23. This is also the boot CPU case (CPU number 0).
242 andl $(~STARTUP_PARALLEL_MASK), %ecx
246 /* Check whether X2APIC mode is already enabled */
247 mov $MSR_IA32_APICBASE, %ecx
249 testl $X2APIC_ENABLE, %eax
250 jnz .Lread_apicid_msr
252 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_X2APIC
254 * If system is in X2APIC mode then MMIO base might not be
255 * mapped causing the MMIO read below to fault. Faults can't
256 * be handled at that point.
258 cmpl $0, x2apic_mode(%rip)
259 jz .Lread_apicid_mmio
261 /* Force the AP into X2APIC mode. */
262 orl $X2APIC_ENABLE, %eax
264 jmp .Lread_apicid_msr
268 /* Read the APIC ID from the fix-mapped MMIO space. */
269 movq apic_mmio_base(%rip), %rcx
276 mov $APIC_X2APIC_ID_MSR, %ecx
280 /* EAX contains the APIC ID of the current CPU */
282 leaq cpuid_to_apicid(%rip), %rbx
285 cmpl (%rbx,%rcx,4), %eax
288 #ifdef CONFIG_FORCE_NR_CPUS
291 cmpl nr_cpu_ids(%rip), %ecx
295 /* APIC ID not found in the table. Drop the trampoline lock and bail. */
296 movq trampoline_lock(%rip), %rax
304 /* Get the per cpu offset for the given CPU# which is in ECX */
305 movq __per_cpu_offset(,%rcx,8), %rdx
307 xorl %edx, %edx /* zero-extended to clear all of RDX */
308 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
311 * Setup a boot time stack - Any secondary CPU will have lost its stack
312 * by now because the cr3-switch above unmaps the real-mode stack.
314 * RDX contains the per-cpu offset
316 movq pcpu_hot + X86_current_task(%rdx), %rax
317 movq TASK_threadsp(%rax), %rsp
320 * Now that this CPU is running on its own stack, drop the realmode
321 * protection. For the boot CPU the pointer is NULL!
323 movq trampoline_lock(%rip), %rax
330 * We must switch to a new descriptor in kernel space for the GDT
331 * because soon the kernel won't have access anymore to the userspace
332 * addresses where we're currently running on. We have to do that here
333 * because in 32bit we couldn't load a 64bit linear address.
336 movw $(GDT_SIZE-1), (%rsp)
337 leaq gdt_page(%rdx), %rax
342 /* set up data segments */
349 * We don't really need to load %fs or %gs, but load them anyway
350 * to kill any stale realmode selectors. This allows execution
358 * The base of %gs always points to fixed_percpu_data. If the
359 * stack protector canary is enabled, it is located at %gs:40.
360 * Note that, on SMP, the boot cpu uses init data section until
361 * the per cpu areas are set up.
363 movl $MSR_GS_BASE,%ecx
365 leaq INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(fixed_percpu_data)(%rip), %rdx
371 /* Setup and Load IDT */
374 /* Check if nx is implemented */
375 movl $0x80000001, %eax
379 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
383 * Preserve current value of EFER for comparison and to skip
384 * EFER writes if no change was made (for TDX guest)
387 btsl $_EFER_SCE, %eax /* Enable System Call */
388 btl $20,%edi /* No Execute supported? */
391 btsq $_PAGE_BIT_NX,early_pmd_flags(%rip)
393 /* Avoid writing EFER if no change was made (for TDX guest) */
397 wrmsr /* Make changes effective */
400 movl $CR0_STATE, %eax
401 /* Make changes effective */
404 /* zero EFLAGS after setting rsp */
408 /* Pass the boot_params pointer as first argument */
412 xorl %ebp, %ebp # clear frame pointer
413 ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE
414 callq *initial_code(%rip)
416 SYM_CODE_END(secondary_startup_64)
418 #include "verify_cpu.S"
419 #include "sev_verify_cbit.S"
421 #if defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU) && defined(CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT)
423 * Entry point for soft restart of a CPU. Invoked from xxx_play_dead() for
424 * restarting the boot CPU or for restarting SEV guest CPUs after CPU hot
425 * unplug. Everything is set up already except the stack.
427 SYM_CODE_START(soft_restart_cpu)
429 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
431 /* Find the idle task stack */
432 movq PER_CPU_VAR(pcpu_hot + X86_current_task), %rcx
433 movq TASK_threadsp(%rcx), %rsp
436 SYM_CODE_END(soft_restart_cpu)
439 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
441 * VC Exception handler used during early boot when running on kernel
442 * addresses, but before the switch to the idt_table can be made.
443 * The early_idt_handler_array can't be used here because it calls into a lot
444 * of __init code and this handler is also used during CPU offlining/onlining.
445 * Therefore this handler ends up in the .text section so that it stays around
446 * when .init.text is freed.
448 SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(vc_boot_ghcb)
449 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=8
457 movq ORIG_RAX(%rsp), %rsi
458 movq initial_vc_handler(%rip), %rax
459 ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE
465 /* Remove Error Code */
469 SYM_CODE_END(vc_boot_ghcb)
472 /* Both SMP bootup and ACPI suspend change these variables */
475 SYM_DATA(initial_code, .quad x86_64_start_kernel)
476 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
477 SYM_DATA(initial_vc_handler, .quad handle_vc_boot_ghcb)
480 SYM_DATA(trampoline_lock, .quad 0);
484 SYM_CODE_START(early_idt_handler_array)
486 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS
487 .if ((EXCEPTION_ERRCODE_MASK >> i) & 1) == 0
488 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS
490 pushq $0 # Dummy error code, to make stack frame uniform
492 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=8
495 pushq $i # 72(%rsp) Vector number
496 jmp early_idt_handler_common
497 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS
499 .fill early_idt_handler_array + i*EARLY_IDT_HANDLER_SIZE - ., 1, 0xcc
501 SYM_CODE_END(early_idt_handler_array)
502 ANNOTATE_NOENDBR // early_idt_handler_array[NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS]
504 SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(early_idt_handler_common)
505 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=16
507 * The stack is the hardware frame, an error code or zero, and the
512 incl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
514 /* The vector number is currently in the pt_regs->di slot. */
515 pushq %rsi /* pt_regs->si */
516 movq 8(%rsp), %rsi /* RSI = vector number */
517 movq %rdi, 8(%rsp) /* pt_regs->di = RDI */
518 pushq %rdx /* pt_regs->dx */
519 pushq %rcx /* pt_regs->cx */
520 pushq %rax /* pt_regs->ax */
521 pushq %r8 /* pt_regs->r8 */
522 pushq %r9 /* pt_regs->r9 */
523 pushq %r10 /* pt_regs->r10 */
524 pushq %r11 /* pt_regs->r11 */
525 pushq %rbx /* pt_regs->bx */
526 pushq %rbp /* pt_regs->bp */
527 pushq %r12 /* pt_regs->r12 */
528 pushq %r13 /* pt_regs->r13 */
529 pushq %r14 /* pt_regs->r14 */
530 pushq %r15 /* pt_regs->r15 */
533 movq %rsp,%rdi /* RDI = pt_regs; RSI is already trapnr */
534 call do_early_exception
536 decl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
537 jmp restore_regs_and_return_to_kernel
538 SYM_CODE_END(early_idt_handler_common)
540 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
542 * VC Exception handler used during very early boot. The
543 * early_idt_handler_array can't be used because it returns via the
544 * paravirtualized INTERRUPT_RETURN and pv-ops don't work that early.
546 * XXX it does, fix this.
548 * This handler will end up in the .init.text section and not be
549 * available to boot secondary CPUs.
551 SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(vc_no_ghcb)
552 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=8
560 movq ORIG_RAX(%rsp), %rsi
566 /* Remove Error Code */
569 /* Pure iret required here - don't use INTERRUPT_RETURN */
571 SYM_CODE_END(vc_no_ghcb)
574 #ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
576 * Each PGD needs to be 8k long and 8k aligned. We do not
577 * ever go out to userspace with these, so we do not
578 * strictly *need* the second page, but this allows us to
579 * have a single set_pgd() implementation that does not
580 * need to worry about whether it has 4k or 8k to work
583 * This ensures PGDs are 8k long:
585 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 512
586 /* This ensures they are 8k-aligned: */
587 #define SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(name) \
588 SYM_START(name, SYM_L_GLOBAL, .balign 2 * PAGE_SIZE)
590 #define SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(name) \
591 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(name)
592 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 0
598 SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(early_top_pgt)
600 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
601 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0
602 SYM_DATA_END(early_top_pgt)
604 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(early_dynamic_pgts)
605 .fill 512*EARLY_DYNAMIC_PAGE_TABLES,8,0
606 SYM_DATA_END(early_dynamic_pgts)
608 SYM_DATA(early_recursion_flag, .long 0)
612 #if defined(CONFIG_XEN_PV) || defined(CONFIG_PVH)
613 SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(init_top_pgt)
614 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
615 .org init_top_pgt + L4_PAGE_OFFSET*8, 0
616 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
617 .org init_top_pgt + L4_START_KERNEL*8, 0
618 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024))/(2^39) = 511 */
619 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
620 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0
621 SYM_DATA_END(init_top_pgt)
623 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level3_ident_pgt)
624 .quad level2_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
626 SYM_DATA_END(level3_ident_pgt)
627 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level2_ident_pgt)
629 * Since I easily can, map the first 1G.
630 * Don't set NX because code runs from these pages.
632 * Note: This sets _PAGE_GLOBAL despite whether
633 * the CPU supports it or it is enabled. But,
634 * the CPU should ignore the bit.
636 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC, PTRS_PER_PMD)
637 SYM_DATA_END(level2_ident_pgt)
639 SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(init_top_pgt)
641 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0
642 SYM_DATA_END(init_top_pgt)
645 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL
646 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level4_kernel_pgt)
648 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
649 SYM_DATA_END(level4_kernel_pgt)
652 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level3_kernel_pgt)
653 .fill L3_START_KERNEL,8,0
654 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024)-((2^39)*511))/(2^30) = 510 */
655 .quad level2_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
656 .quad level2_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
657 SYM_DATA_END(level3_kernel_pgt)
659 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level2_kernel_pgt)
661 * Kernel high mapping.
663 * The kernel code+data+bss must be located below KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE in
664 * virtual address space, which is 1 GiB if RANDOMIZE_BASE is enabled,
667 * (NOTE: after that starts the module area, see MODULES_VADDR.)
669 * This table is eventually used by the kernel during normal runtime.
670 * Care must be taken to clear out undesired bits later, like _PAGE_RW
671 * or _PAGE_GLOBAL in some cases.
673 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC, KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE/PMD_SIZE)
674 SYM_DATA_END(level2_kernel_pgt)
676 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level2_fixmap_pgt)
677 .fill (512 - 4 - FIXMAP_PMD_NUM),8,0
679 .rept (FIXMAP_PMD_NUM)
680 .quad level1_fixmap_pgt + (pgtno << PAGE_SHIFT) - __START_KERNEL_map \
684 /* 6 MB reserved space + a 2MB hole */
686 SYM_DATA_END(level2_fixmap_pgt)
688 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level1_fixmap_pgt)
689 .rept (FIXMAP_PMD_NUM)
692 SYM_DATA_END(level1_fixmap_pgt)
697 SYM_DATA(smpboot_control, .long 0)
700 /* This must match the first entry in level2_kernel_pgt */
701 SYM_DATA(phys_base, .quad 0x0)
702 EXPORT_SYMBOL(phys_base)
704 #include "../xen/xen-head.S"
707 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(empty_zero_page)
709 SYM_DATA_END(empty_zero_page)
710 EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page)