drm/rockchip: Don't change hdmi reference clock rate

[drm/drm-misc.git] / drivers / media / pci / cx18 / cx18-driver.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 *  cx18 driver initialization and card probing
 *
 *  Derived from ivtv-driver.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2007  Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl>
 *  Copyright (C) 2008  Andy Walls <awalls@md.metrocast.net>
 */

#include "cx18-driver.h"
#include "cx18-io.h"
#include "cx18-version.h"
#include "cx18-cards.h"
#include "cx18-i2c.h"
#include "cx18-irq.h"
#include "cx18-gpio.h"
#include "cx18-firmware.h"
#include "cx18-queue.h"
#include "cx18-streams.h"
#include "cx18-av-core.h"
#include "cx18-scb.h"
#include "cx18-mailbox.h"
#include "cx18-ioctl.h"
#include "cx18-controls.h"
#include "xc2028.h"
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <media/tveeprom.h>

/* If you have already X v4l cards, then set this to X. This way
   the device numbers stay matched. Example: you have a WinTV card
   without radio and a Compro H900 with. Normally this would give a
   video1 device together with a radio0 device for the Compro. By
   setting this to 1 you ensure that radio0 is now also radio1. */
int cx18_first_minor;

/* Callback for registering extensions */
int (*cx18_ext_init)(struct cx18 *);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(cx18_ext_init);

/* add your revision and whatnot here */
static const struct pci_device_id cx18_pci_tbl[] = {
        {PCI_VENDOR_ID_CX, PCI_DEVICE_ID_CX23418,
         PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0},
        {0,}
};

MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, cx18_pci_tbl);

static atomic_t cx18_instance = ATOMIC_INIT(0);

/* Parameter declarations */
static int cardtype[CX18_MAX_CARDS];
static int tuner[CX18_MAX_CARDS] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
                                     -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
                                     -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
                                     -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 };
static int radio[CX18_MAX_CARDS] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
                                     -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
                                     -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
                                     -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 };
static unsigned cardtype_c = 1;
static unsigned tuner_c = 1;
static unsigned radio_c = 1;
static char pal[] = "--";
static char secam[] = "--";
static char ntsc[] = "-";

/* Buffers */
static int enc_ts_buffers = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_TS_BUFFERS;
static int enc_mpg_buffers = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_MPG_BUFFERS;
static int enc_idx_buffers = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_IDX_BUFFERS;
static int enc_yuv_buffers = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_YUV_BUFFERS;
static int enc_vbi_buffers = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_VBI_BUFFERS;
static int enc_pcm_buffers = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_PCM_BUFFERS;

static int enc_ts_bufsize = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_TS_BUFSIZE;
static int enc_mpg_bufsize = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_MPG_BUFSIZE;
static int enc_idx_bufsize = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_IDX_BUFSIZE;
static int enc_yuv_bufsize = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_YUV_BUFSIZE;
static int enc_pcm_bufsize = CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_PCM_BUFSIZE;

static int enc_ts_bufs = -1;
static int enc_mpg_bufs = -1;
static int enc_idx_bufs = CX18_MAX_FW_MDLS_PER_STREAM;
static int enc_yuv_bufs = -1;
static int enc_vbi_bufs = -1;
static int enc_pcm_bufs = -1;


static int cx18_pci_latency = 1;

static int mmio_ndelay;
static int retry_mmio = 1;

int cx18_debug;

module_param_array(tuner, int, &tuner_c, 0644);
module_param_array(radio, int, &radio_c, 0644);
module_param_array(cardtype, int, &cardtype_c, 0644);
module_param_string(pal, pal, sizeof(pal), 0644);
module_param_string(secam, secam, sizeof(secam), 0644);
module_param_string(ntsc, ntsc, sizeof(ntsc), 0644);
module_param_named(debug, cx18_debug, int, 0644);
module_param(mmio_ndelay, int, 0644);
module_param(retry_mmio, int, 0644);
module_param(cx18_pci_latency, int, 0644);
module_param(cx18_first_minor, int, 0644);

module_param(enc_ts_buffers, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_mpg_buffers, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_idx_buffers, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_yuv_buffers, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_vbi_buffers, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_pcm_buffers, int, 0644);

module_param(enc_ts_bufsize, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_mpg_bufsize, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_idx_bufsize, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_yuv_bufsize, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_pcm_bufsize, int, 0644);

module_param(enc_ts_bufs, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_mpg_bufs, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_idx_bufs, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_yuv_bufs, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_vbi_bufs, int, 0644);
module_param(enc_pcm_bufs, int, 0644);

MODULE_PARM_DESC(tuner, "Tuner type selection,\n"
                        "\t\t\tsee tuner.h for values");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(radio,
                 "Enable or disable the radio. Use only if autodetection\n"
                 "\t\t\tfails. 0 = disable, 1 = enable");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(cardtype,
                 "Only use this option if your card is not detected properly.\n"
                 "\t\tSpecify card type:\n"
                 "\t\t\t 1 = Hauppauge HVR 1600 (ESMT memory)\n"
                 "\t\t\t 2 = Hauppauge HVR 1600 (Samsung memory)\n"
                 "\t\t\t 3 = Compro VideoMate H900\n"
                 "\t\t\t 4 = Yuan MPC718\n"
                 "\t\t\t 5 = Conexant Raptor PAL/SECAM\n"
                 "\t\t\t 6 = Toshiba Qosmio DVB-T/Analog\n"
                 "\t\t\t 7 = Leadtek WinFast PVR2100\n"
                 "\t\t\t 8 = Leadtek WinFast DVR3100 H\n"
                 "\t\t\t 9 = GoTView PCI DVD3 Hybrid\n"
                 "\t\t\t 10 = Hauppauge HVR 1600 (S5H1411)\n"
                 "\t\t\t 0 = Autodetect (default)\n"
                 "\t\t\t-1 = Ignore this card\n\t\t");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(pal, "Set PAL standard: B, G, H, D, K, I, M, N, Nc, 60");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(secam, "Set SECAM standard: B, G, H, D, K, L, LC");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(ntsc, "Set NTSC standard: M, J, K");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug,
                 "Debug level (bitmask). Default: 0\n"
                 "\t\t\t  1/0x0001: warning\n"
                 "\t\t\t  2/0x0002: info\n"
                 "\t\t\t  4/0x0004: mailbox\n"
                 "\t\t\t  8/0x0008: dma\n"
                 "\t\t\t 16/0x0010: ioctl\n"
                 "\t\t\t 32/0x0020: file\n"
                 "\t\t\t 64/0x0040: i2c\n"
                 "\t\t\t128/0x0080: irq\n"
                 "\t\t\t256/0x0100: high volume\n");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(cx18_pci_latency,
                 "Change the PCI latency to 64 if lower: 0 = No, 1 = Yes,\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: Yes");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(retry_mmio,
                 "(Deprecated) MMIO writes are now always checked and retried\n"
                 "\t\t\tEffectively: 1 [Yes]");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(mmio_ndelay,
                 "(Deprecated) MMIO accesses are now never purposely delayed\n"
                 "\t\t\tEffectively: 0 ns");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_ts_buffers,
                 "Encoder TS buffer memory (MB). (enc_ts_bufs can override)\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: " __stringify(CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_TS_BUFFERS));
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_ts_bufsize,
                 "Size of an encoder TS buffer (kB)\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: " __stringify(CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_TS_BUFSIZE));
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_ts_bufs,
                 "Number of encoder TS buffers\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault is computed from other enc_ts_* parameters");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_mpg_buffers,
                 "Encoder MPG buffer memory (MB). (enc_mpg_bufs can override)\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: " __stringify(CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_MPG_BUFFERS));
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_mpg_bufsize,
                 "Size of an encoder MPG buffer (kB)\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: " __stringify(CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_MPG_BUFSIZE));
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_mpg_bufs,
                 "Number of encoder MPG buffers\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault is computed from other enc_mpg_* parameters");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_idx_buffers,
                 "(Deprecated) Encoder IDX buffer memory (MB)\n"
                 "\t\t\tIgnored, except 0 disables IDX buffer allocations\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: 1 [Enabled]");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_idx_bufsize,
                 "Size of an encoder IDX buffer (kB)\n"
                 "\t\t\tAllowed values are multiples of 1.5 kB rounded up\n"
                 "\t\t\t(multiples of size required for 64 index entries)\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: 2");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_idx_bufs,
                 "Number of encoder IDX buffers\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: " __stringify(CX18_MAX_FW_MDLS_PER_STREAM));
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_yuv_buffers,
                 "Encoder YUV buffer memory (MB). (enc_yuv_bufs can override)\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: " __stringify(CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_YUV_BUFFERS));
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_yuv_bufsize,
                 "Size of an encoder YUV buffer (kB)\n"
                 "\t\t\tAllowed values are multiples of 33.75 kB rounded up\n"
                 "\t\t\t(multiples of size required for 32 screen lines)\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: 102");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_yuv_bufs,
                 "Number of encoder YUV buffers\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault is computed from other enc_yuv_* parameters");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_vbi_buffers,
                 "Encoder VBI buffer memory (MB). (enc_vbi_bufs can override)\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: " __stringify(CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_VBI_BUFFERS));
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_vbi_bufs,
                 "Number of encoder VBI buffers\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault is computed from enc_vbi_buffers");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_pcm_buffers,
                 "Encoder PCM buffer memory (MB). (enc_pcm_bufs can override)\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: " __stringify(CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_PCM_BUFFERS));
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_pcm_bufsize,
                 "Size of an encoder PCM buffer (kB)\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault: " __stringify(CX18_DEFAULT_ENC_PCM_BUFSIZE));
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enc_pcm_bufs,
                 "Number of encoder PCM buffers\n"
                 "\t\t\tDefault is computed from other enc_pcm_* parameters");

MODULE_PARM_DESC(cx18_first_minor,
                 "Set device node number assigned to first card");

MODULE_AUTHOR("Hans Verkuil");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("CX23418 driver");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

MODULE_VERSION(CX18_VERSION);

#if defined(CONFIG_MODULES) && defined(MODULE)
static void request_module_async(struct work_struct *work)
{
        struct cx18 *dev = container_of(work, struct cx18, request_module_wk);

        /* Make sure cx18-alsa module is loaded */
        request_module("cx18-alsa");

        /* Initialize cx18-alsa for this instance of the cx18 device */
        if (cx18_ext_init)
                cx18_ext_init(dev);
}

static void request_modules(struct cx18 *dev)
{
        INIT_WORK(&dev->request_module_wk, request_module_async);
        schedule_work(&dev->request_module_wk);
}

static void flush_request_modules(struct cx18 *dev)
{
        flush_work(&dev->request_module_wk);
}
#else
#define request_modules(dev)
#define flush_request_modules(dev)
#endif /* CONFIG_MODULES */

/* Generic utility functions */
int cx18_msleep_timeout(unsigned int msecs, int intr)
{
        long int timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(msecs);
        int sig;

        do {
                set_current_state(intr ? TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE : TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
                timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
                sig = intr ? signal_pending(current) : 0;
        } while (!sig && timeout);
        return sig;
}

/* Release ioremapped memory */
static void cx18_iounmap(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        if (!cx)
                return;

        /* Release io memory */
        if (cx->enc_mem) {
                CX18_DEBUG_INFO("releasing enc_mem\n");
                iounmap(cx->enc_mem);
                cx->enc_mem = NULL;
        }
}

static void cx18_eeprom_dump(struct cx18 *cx, unsigned char *eedata, int len)
{
        int i;

        CX18_INFO("eeprom dump:\n");
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                if (0 == (i % 16))
                        CX18_INFO("eeprom %02x:", i);
                printk(KERN_CONT " %02x", eedata[i]);
                if (15 == (i % 16))
                        printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
        }
}

/* Hauppauge card? get values from tveeprom */
void cx18_read_eeprom(struct cx18 *cx, struct tveeprom *tv)
{
        struct i2c_client *c;
        u8 eedata[256];

        memset(tv, 0, sizeof(*tv));

        c = kzalloc(sizeof(*c), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!c)
                return;

        strscpy(c->name, "cx18 tveeprom tmp", sizeof(c->name));
        c->adapter = &cx->i2c_adap[0];
        c->addr = 0xa0 >> 1;

        if (tveeprom_read(c, eedata, sizeof(eedata)))
                goto ret;

        switch (cx->card->type) {
        case CX18_CARD_HVR_1600_ESMT:
        case CX18_CARD_HVR_1600_SAMSUNG:
        case CX18_CARD_HVR_1600_S5H1411:
                tveeprom_hauppauge_analog(tv, eedata);
                break;
        case CX18_CARD_YUAN_MPC718:
        case CX18_CARD_GOTVIEW_PCI_DVD3:
                tv->model = 0x718;
                cx18_eeprom_dump(cx, eedata, sizeof(eedata));
                CX18_INFO("eeprom PCI ID: %02x%02x:%02x%02x\n",
                          eedata[2], eedata[1], eedata[4], eedata[3]);
                break;
        default:
                tv->model = 0xffffffff;
                cx18_eeprom_dump(cx, eedata, sizeof(eedata));
                break;
        }

ret:
        kfree(c);
}

static void cx18_process_eeprom(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        struct tveeprom tv;

        cx18_read_eeprom(cx, &tv);

        /* Many thanks to Steven Toth from Hauppauge for providing the
           model numbers */
        /* Note: the Samsung memory models cannot be reliably determined
           from the model number. Use the cardtype module option if you
           have one of these preproduction models. */
        switch (tv.model) {
        case 74301: /* Retail models */
        case 74321:
        case 74351: /* OEM models */
        case 74361:
                /* Digital side is s5h1411/tda18271 */
                cx->card = cx18_get_card(CX18_CARD_HVR_1600_S5H1411);
                break;
        case 74021: /* Retail models */
        case 74031:
        case 74041:
        case 74141:
        case 74541: /* OEM models */
        case 74551:
        case 74591:
        case 74651:
        case 74691:
        case 74751:
        case 74891:
                /* Digital side is s5h1409/mxl5005s */
                cx->card = cx18_get_card(CX18_CARD_HVR_1600_ESMT);
                break;
        case 0x718:
                return;
        case 0xffffffff:
                CX18_INFO("Unknown EEPROM encoding\n");
                return;
        case 0:
                CX18_ERR("Invalid EEPROM\n");
                return;
        default:
                CX18_ERR("Unknown model %d, defaulting to original HVR-1600 (cardtype=1)\n",
                         tv.model);
                cx->card = cx18_get_card(CX18_CARD_HVR_1600_ESMT);
                break;
        }

        cx->v4l2_cap = cx->card->v4l2_capabilities;
        cx->card_name = cx->card->name;
        cx->card_i2c = cx->card->i2c;

        CX18_INFO("Autodetected %s\n", cx->card_name);

        if (tv.tuner_type == TUNER_ABSENT)
                CX18_ERR("tveeprom cannot autodetect tuner!\n");

        if (cx->options.tuner == -1)
                cx->options.tuner = tv.tuner_type;
        if (cx->options.radio == -1)
                cx->options.radio = (tv.has_radio != 0);

        if (cx->std != 0)
                /* user specified tuner standard */
                return;

        /* autodetect tuner standard */
#define TVEEPROM_TUNER_FORMAT_ALL (V4L2_STD_B  | V4L2_STD_GH | \
                                   V4L2_STD_MN | \
                                   V4L2_STD_PAL_I | \
                                   V4L2_STD_SECAM_L | V4L2_STD_SECAM_LC | \
                                   V4L2_STD_DK)
        if ((tv.tuner_formats & TVEEPROM_TUNER_FORMAT_ALL)
                                        == TVEEPROM_TUNER_FORMAT_ALL) {
                CX18_DEBUG_INFO("Worldwide tuner detected\n");
                cx->std = V4L2_STD_ALL;
        } else if (tv.tuner_formats & V4L2_STD_PAL) {
                CX18_DEBUG_INFO("PAL tuner detected\n");
                cx->std |= V4L2_STD_PAL_BG | V4L2_STD_PAL_H;
        } else if (tv.tuner_formats & V4L2_STD_NTSC) {
                CX18_DEBUG_INFO("NTSC tuner detected\n");
                cx->std |= V4L2_STD_NTSC_M;
        } else if (tv.tuner_formats & V4L2_STD_SECAM) {
                CX18_DEBUG_INFO("SECAM tuner detected\n");
                cx->std |= V4L2_STD_SECAM_L;
        } else {
                CX18_INFO("No tuner detected, default to NTSC-M\n");
                cx->std |= V4L2_STD_NTSC_M;
        }
}

static v4l2_std_id cx18_parse_std(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        switch (pal[0]) {
        case '6':
                return V4L2_STD_PAL_60;
        case 'b':
        case 'B':
        case 'g':
        case 'G':
                return V4L2_STD_PAL_BG;
        case 'h':
        case 'H':
                return V4L2_STD_PAL_H;
        case 'n':
        case 'N':
                if (pal[1] == 'c' || pal[1] == 'C')
                        return V4L2_STD_PAL_Nc;
                return V4L2_STD_PAL_N;
        case 'i':
        case 'I':
                return V4L2_STD_PAL_I;
        case 'd':
        case 'D':
        case 'k':
        case 'K':
                return V4L2_STD_PAL_DK;
        case 'M':
        case 'm':
                return V4L2_STD_PAL_M;
        case '-':
                break;
        default:
                CX18_WARN("pal= argument not recognised\n");
                return 0;
        }

        switch (secam[0]) {
        case 'b':
        case 'B':
        case 'g':
        case 'G':
        case 'h':
        case 'H':
                return V4L2_STD_SECAM_B | V4L2_STD_SECAM_G | V4L2_STD_SECAM_H;
        case 'd':
        case 'D':
        case 'k':
        case 'K':
                return V4L2_STD_SECAM_DK;
        case 'l':
        case 'L':
                if (secam[1] == 'C' || secam[1] == 'c')
                        return V4L2_STD_SECAM_LC;
                return V4L2_STD_SECAM_L;
        case '-':
                break;
        default:
                CX18_WARN("secam= argument not recognised\n");
                return 0;
        }

        switch (ntsc[0]) {
        case 'm':
        case 'M':
                return V4L2_STD_NTSC_M;
        case 'j':
        case 'J':
                return V4L2_STD_NTSC_M_JP;
        case 'k':
        case 'K':
                return V4L2_STD_NTSC_M_KR;
        case '-':
                break;
        default:
                CX18_WARN("ntsc= argument not recognised\n");
                return 0;
        }

        /* no match found */
        return 0;
}

static void cx18_process_options(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        int i, j;

        cx->options.megabytes[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_TS] = enc_ts_buffers;
        cx->options.megabytes[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_MPG] = enc_mpg_buffers;
        cx->options.megabytes[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_IDX] = enc_idx_buffers;
        cx->options.megabytes[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_YUV] = enc_yuv_buffers;
        cx->options.megabytes[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_VBI] = enc_vbi_buffers;
        cx->options.megabytes[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_PCM] = enc_pcm_buffers;
        cx->options.megabytes[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_RAD] = 0; /* control only */

        cx->stream_buffers[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_TS] = enc_ts_bufs;
        cx->stream_buffers[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_MPG] = enc_mpg_bufs;
        cx->stream_buffers[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_IDX] = enc_idx_bufs;
        cx->stream_buffers[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_YUV] = enc_yuv_bufs;
        cx->stream_buffers[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_VBI] = enc_vbi_bufs;
        cx->stream_buffers[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_PCM] = enc_pcm_bufs;
        cx->stream_buffers[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_RAD] = 0; /* control, no data */

        cx->stream_buf_size[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_TS] = enc_ts_bufsize;
        cx->stream_buf_size[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_MPG] = enc_mpg_bufsize;
        cx->stream_buf_size[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_IDX] = enc_idx_bufsize;
        cx->stream_buf_size[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_YUV] = enc_yuv_bufsize;
        cx->stream_buf_size[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_VBI] = VBI_ACTIVE_SAMPLES * 36;
        cx->stream_buf_size[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_PCM] = enc_pcm_bufsize;
        cx->stream_buf_size[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_RAD] = 0; /* control no data */

        /* Ensure stream_buffers & stream_buf_size are valid */
        for (i = 0; i < CX18_MAX_STREAMS; i++) {
                if (cx->stream_buffers[i] == 0 ||     /* User said 0 buffers */
                    cx->options.megabytes[i] <= 0 ||  /* User said 0 MB total */
                    cx->stream_buf_size[i] <= 0) {    /* User said buf size 0 */
                        cx->options.megabytes[i] = 0;
                        cx->stream_buffers[i] = 0;
                        cx->stream_buf_size[i] = 0;
                        continue;
                }
                /*
                 * YUV is a special case where the stream_buf_size needs to be
                 * an integral multiple of 33.75 kB (storage for 32 screens
                 * lines to maintain alignment in case of lost buffers).
                 *
                 * IDX is a special case where the stream_buf_size should be
                 * an integral multiple of 1.5 kB (storage for 64 index entries
                 * to maintain alignment in case of lost buffers).
                 *
                 */
                if (i == CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_YUV) {
                        cx->stream_buf_size[i] *= 1024;
                        cx->stream_buf_size[i] -=
                           (cx->stream_buf_size[i] % CX18_UNIT_ENC_YUV_BUFSIZE);

                        if (cx->stream_buf_size[i] < CX18_UNIT_ENC_YUV_BUFSIZE)
                                cx->stream_buf_size[i] =
                                                CX18_UNIT_ENC_YUV_BUFSIZE;
                } else if (i == CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_IDX) {
                        cx->stream_buf_size[i] *= 1024;
                        cx->stream_buf_size[i] -=
                           (cx->stream_buf_size[i] % CX18_UNIT_ENC_IDX_BUFSIZE);

                        if (cx->stream_buf_size[i] < CX18_UNIT_ENC_IDX_BUFSIZE)
                                cx->stream_buf_size[i] =
                                                CX18_UNIT_ENC_IDX_BUFSIZE;
                }
                /*
                 * YUV and IDX are special cases where the stream_buf_size is
                 * now in bytes.
                 * VBI is a special case where the stream_buf_size is fixed
                 * and already in bytes
                 */
                if (i == CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_VBI ||
                    i == CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_YUV ||
                    i == CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_IDX) {
                        if (cx->stream_buffers[i] < 0) {
                                cx->stream_buffers[i] =
                                        cx->options.megabytes[i] * 1024 * 1024
                                        / cx->stream_buf_size[i];
                        } else {
                                /* N.B. This might round down to 0 */
                                cx->options.megabytes[i] =
                                        cx->stream_buffers[i]
                                        * cx->stream_buf_size[i]/(1024 * 1024);
                        }
                } else {
                        /* All other streams have stream_buf_size in kB here */
                        if (cx->stream_buffers[i] < 0) {
                                cx->stream_buffers[i] =
                                                cx->options.megabytes[i] * 1024
                                                / cx->stream_buf_size[i];
                        } else {
                                /* N.B. This might round down to 0 */
                                cx->options.megabytes[i] =
                                                cx->stream_buffers[i]
                                                * cx->stream_buf_size[i] / 1024;
                        }
                        /* convert from kB to bytes */
                        cx->stream_buf_size[i] *= 1024;
                }
                CX18_DEBUG_INFO("Stream type %d options: %d MB, %d buffers, %d bytes\n",
                                i, cx->options.megabytes[i],
                                cx->stream_buffers[i], cx->stream_buf_size[i]);
        }

        cx->options.cardtype = cardtype[cx->instance];
        cx->options.tuner = tuner[cx->instance];
        cx->options.radio = radio[cx->instance];

        cx->std = cx18_parse_std(cx);
        if (cx->options.cardtype == -1) {
                CX18_INFO("Ignore card\n");
                return;
        }
        cx->card = cx18_get_card(cx->options.cardtype - 1);
        if (cx->card)
                CX18_INFO("User specified %s card\n", cx->card->name);
        else if (cx->options.cardtype != 0)
                CX18_ERR("Unknown user specified type, trying to autodetect card\n");
        if (!cx->card) {
                if (cx->pci_dev->subsystem_vendor == CX18_PCI_ID_HAUPPAUGE) {
                        cx->card = cx18_get_card(CX18_CARD_HVR_1600_ESMT);
                        CX18_INFO("Autodetected Hauppauge card\n");
                }
        }
        if (!cx->card) {
                for (i = 0; (cx->card = cx18_get_card(i)); i++) {
                        if (!cx->card->pci_list)
                                continue;
                        for (j = 0; cx->card->pci_list[j].device; j++) {
                                if (cx->pci_dev->device !=
                                    cx->card->pci_list[j].device)
                                        continue;
                                if (cx->pci_dev->subsystem_vendor !=
                                    cx->card->pci_list[j].subsystem_vendor)
                                        continue;
                                if (cx->pci_dev->subsystem_device !=
                                    cx->card->pci_list[j].subsystem_device)
                                        continue;
                                CX18_INFO("Autodetected %s card\n", cx->card->name);
                                goto done;
                        }
                }
        }
done:

        if (!cx->card) {
                cx->card = cx18_get_card(CX18_CARD_HVR_1600_ESMT);
                CX18_ERR("Unknown card: vendor/device: [%04x:%04x]\n",
                         cx->pci_dev->vendor, cx->pci_dev->device);
                CX18_ERR("              subsystem vendor/device: [%04x:%04x]\n",
                         cx->pci_dev->subsystem_vendor,
                         cx->pci_dev->subsystem_device);
                CX18_ERR("Defaulting to %s card\n", cx->card->name);
                CX18_ERR("Please mail the vendor/device and subsystem vendor/device IDs and what kind of\n");
                CX18_ERR("card you have to the linux-media mailinglist (www.linuxtv.org)\n");
                CX18_ERR("Prefix your subject line with [UNKNOWN CX18 CARD].\n");
        }
        cx->v4l2_cap = cx->card->v4l2_capabilities;
        cx->card_name = cx->card->name;
        cx->card_i2c = cx->card->i2c;
}

static int cx18_create_in_workq(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        snprintf(cx->in_workq_name, sizeof(cx->in_workq_name), "%s-in",
                 cx->v4l2_dev.name);
        cx->in_work_queue = alloc_ordered_workqueue("%s", 0, cx->in_workq_name);
        if (!cx->in_work_queue) {
                CX18_ERR("Unable to create incoming mailbox handler thread\n");
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        return 0;
}

static void cx18_init_in_work_orders(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < CX18_MAX_IN_WORK_ORDERS; i++) {
                cx->in_work_order[i].cx = cx;
                cx->in_work_order[i].str = cx->epu_debug_str;
                INIT_WORK(&cx->in_work_order[i].work, cx18_in_work_handler);
        }
}

/* Precondition: the cx18 structure has been memset to 0. Only
   the dev and instance fields have been filled in.
   No assumptions on the card type may be made here (see cx18_init_struct2
   for that).
 */
static int cx18_init_struct1(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        int ret;

        cx->base_addr = pci_resource_start(cx->pci_dev, 0);

        mutex_init(&cx->serialize_lock);
        mutex_init(&cx->gpio_lock);
        mutex_init(&cx->epu2apu_mb_lock);
        mutex_init(&cx->epu2cpu_mb_lock);

        ret = cx18_create_in_workq(cx);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        cx18_init_in_work_orders(cx);

        /* start counting open_id at 1 */
        cx->open_id = 1;

        /* Initial settings */
        cx->cxhdl.port = CX2341X_PORT_MEMORY;
        cx->cxhdl.capabilities = CX2341X_CAP_HAS_TS | CX2341X_CAP_HAS_SLICED_VBI;
        cx->cxhdl.ops = &cx18_cxhdl_ops;
        cx->cxhdl.func = cx18_api_func;
        cx->cxhdl.priv = &cx->streams[CX18_ENC_STREAM_TYPE_MPG];
        ret = cx2341x_handler_init(&cx->cxhdl, 50);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
        cx->v4l2_dev.ctrl_handler = &cx->cxhdl.hdl;

        cx->temporal_strength = cx->cxhdl.video_temporal_filter->cur.val;
        cx->spatial_strength = cx->cxhdl.video_spatial_filter->cur.val;
        cx->filter_mode = cx->cxhdl.video_spatial_filter_mode->cur.val |
                (cx->cxhdl.video_temporal_filter_mode->cur.val << 1) |
                (cx->cxhdl.video_median_filter_type->cur.val << 2);

        init_waitqueue_head(&cx->cap_w);
        init_waitqueue_head(&cx->mb_apu_waitq);
        init_waitqueue_head(&cx->mb_cpu_waitq);
        init_waitqueue_head(&cx->dma_waitq);

        /* VBI */
        cx->vbi.in.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_CAPTURE;
        cx->vbi.sliced_in = &cx->vbi.in.fmt.sliced;

        /* IVTV style VBI insertion into MPEG streams */
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cx->vbi.sliced_mpeg_buf.list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cx->vbi.sliced_mpeg_mdl.list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cx->vbi.sliced_mpeg_mdl.buf_list);
        list_add(&cx->vbi.sliced_mpeg_buf.list,
                 &cx->vbi.sliced_mpeg_mdl.buf_list);
        return 0;
}

/* Second initialization part. Here the card type has been
   autodetected. */
static void cx18_init_struct2(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < CX18_CARD_MAX_VIDEO_INPUTS; i++)
                if (cx->card->video_inputs[i].video_type == 0)
                        break;
        cx->nof_inputs = i;
        for (i = 0; i < CX18_CARD_MAX_AUDIO_INPUTS; i++)
                if (cx->card->audio_inputs[i].audio_type == 0)
                        break;
        cx->nof_audio_inputs = i;

        /* Find tuner input */
        for (i = 0; i < cx->nof_inputs; i++) {
                if (cx->card->video_inputs[i].video_type ==
                                CX18_CARD_INPUT_VID_TUNER)
                        break;
        }
        if (i == cx->nof_inputs)
                i = 0;
        cx->active_input = i;
        cx->audio_input = cx->card->video_inputs[i].audio_index;
}

static int cx18_setup_pci(struct cx18 *cx, struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
                          const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
{
        u16 cmd;
        unsigned char pci_latency;

        CX18_DEBUG_INFO("Enabling pci device\n");

        if (pci_enable_device(pci_dev)) {
                CX18_ERR("Can't enable device %d!\n", cx->instance);
                return -EIO;
        }
        if (dma_set_mask(&pci_dev->dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32))) {
                CX18_ERR("No suitable DMA available, card %d\n", cx->instance);
                return -EIO;
        }
        if (!request_mem_region(cx->base_addr, CX18_MEM_SIZE, "cx18 encoder")) {
                CX18_ERR("Cannot request encoder memory region, card %d\n",
                         cx->instance);
                return -EIO;
        }

        /* Enable bus mastering and memory mapped IO for the CX23418 */
        pci_read_config_word(pci_dev, PCI_COMMAND, &cmd);
        cmd |= PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER;
        pci_write_config_word(pci_dev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd);

        cx->card_rev = pci_dev->revision;
        pci_read_config_byte(pci_dev, PCI_LATENCY_TIMER, &pci_latency);

        if (pci_latency < 64 && cx18_pci_latency) {
                CX18_INFO("Unreasonably low latency timer, setting to 64 (was %d)\n",
                          pci_latency);
                pci_write_config_byte(pci_dev, PCI_LATENCY_TIMER, 64);
                pci_read_config_byte(pci_dev, PCI_LATENCY_TIMER, &pci_latency);
        }

        CX18_DEBUG_INFO("cx%d (rev %d) at %02x:%02x.%x, irq: %d, latency: %d, memory: 0x%llx\n",
                   cx->pci_dev->device, cx->card_rev, pci_dev->bus->number,
                   PCI_SLOT(pci_dev->devfn), PCI_FUNC(pci_dev->devfn),
                   cx->pci_dev->irq, pci_latency, (u64)cx->base_addr);

        return 0;
}

static void cx18_init_subdevs(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        u32 hw = cx->card->hw_all;
        u32 device;
        int i;

        for (i = 0, device = 1; i < 32; i++, device <<= 1) {

                if (!(device & hw))
                        continue;

                switch (device) {
                case CX18_HW_DVB:
                case CX18_HW_TVEEPROM:
                        /* These subordinate devices do not use probing */
                        cx->hw_flags |= device;
                        break;
                case CX18_HW_418_AV:
                        /* The A/V decoder gets probed earlier to set PLLs */
                        /* Just note that the card uses it (i.e. has analog) */
                        cx->hw_flags |= device;
                        break;
                case CX18_HW_GPIO_RESET_CTRL:
                        /*
                         * The Reset Controller gets probed and added to
                         * hw_flags earlier for i2c adapter/bus initialization
                         */
                        break;
                case CX18_HW_GPIO_MUX:
                        if (cx18_gpio_register(cx, device) == 0)
                                cx->hw_flags |= device;
                        break;
                default:
                        if (cx18_i2c_register(cx, i) == 0)
                                cx->hw_flags |= device;
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (cx->hw_flags & CX18_HW_418_AV)
                cx->sd_av = cx18_find_hw(cx, CX18_HW_418_AV);

        if (cx->card->hw_muxer != 0)
                cx->sd_extmux = cx18_find_hw(cx, cx->card->hw_muxer);
}

static int cx18_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
                      const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
{
        int retval = 0;
        int i;
        u32 devtype;
        struct cx18 *cx;

        /* FIXME - module parameter arrays constrain max instances */
        i = atomic_inc_return(&cx18_instance) - 1;
        if (i >= CX18_MAX_CARDS) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "cx18: cannot manage card %d, driver has a limit of 0 - %d\n",
                       i, CX18_MAX_CARDS - 1);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        cx = kzalloc(sizeof(*cx), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!cx)
                return -ENOMEM;

        cx->pci_dev = pci_dev;
        cx->instance = i;

        retval = v4l2_device_register(&pci_dev->dev, &cx->v4l2_dev);
        if (retval) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "cx18: v4l2_device_register of card %d failed\n",
                       cx->instance);
                kfree(cx);
                return retval;
        }
        snprintf(cx->v4l2_dev.name, sizeof(cx->v4l2_dev.name), "cx18-%d",
                 cx->instance);
        CX18_INFO("Initializing card %d\n", cx->instance);

        cx18_process_options(cx);
        if (cx->options.cardtype == -1) {
                retval = -ENODEV;
                goto err;
        }

        retval = cx18_init_struct1(cx);
        if (retval)
                goto err;

        CX18_DEBUG_INFO("base addr: 0x%llx\n", (u64)cx->base_addr);

        /* PCI Device Setup */
        retval = cx18_setup_pci(cx, pci_dev, pci_id);
        if (retval != 0)
                goto free_workqueues;

        /* map io memory */
        CX18_DEBUG_INFO("attempting ioremap at 0x%llx len 0x%08x\n",
                   (u64)cx->base_addr + CX18_MEM_OFFSET, CX18_MEM_SIZE);
        cx->enc_mem = ioremap(cx->base_addr + CX18_MEM_OFFSET,
                                       CX18_MEM_SIZE);
        if (!cx->enc_mem) {
                CX18_ERR("ioremap failed. Can't get a window into CX23418 memory and register space\n");
                CX18_ERR("Each capture card with a CX23418 needs 64 MB of vmalloc address space for the window\n");
                CX18_ERR("Check the output of 'grep Vmalloc /proc/meminfo'\n");
                CX18_ERR("Use the vmalloc= kernel command line option to set VmallocTotal to a larger value\n");
                retval = -ENOMEM;
                goto free_mem;
        }
        cx->reg_mem = cx->enc_mem + CX18_REG_OFFSET;
        devtype = cx18_read_reg(cx, 0xC72028);
        switch (devtype & 0xff000000) {
        case 0xff000000:
                CX18_INFO("cx23418 revision %08x (A)\n", devtype);
                break;
        case 0x01000000:
                CX18_INFO("cx23418 revision %08x (B)\n", devtype);
                break;
        default:
                CX18_INFO("cx23418 revision %08x (Unknown)\n", devtype);
                break;
        }

        cx18_init_power(cx, 1);
        cx18_init_memory(cx);

        cx->scb = (struct cx18_scb __iomem *)(cx->enc_mem + SCB_OFFSET);
        cx18_init_scb(cx);

        cx18_gpio_init(cx);

        /* Initialize integrated A/V decoder early to set PLLs, just in case */
        retval = cx18_av_probe(cx);
        if (retval) {
                CX18_ERR("Could not register A/V decoder subdevice\n");
                goto free_map;
        }

        /* Initialize GPIO Reset Controller to do chip resets during i2c init */
        if (cx->card->hw_all & CX18_HW_GPIO_RESET_CTRL) {
                if (cx18_gpio_register(cx, CX18_HW_GPIO_RESET_CTRL) != 0)
                        CX18_WARN("Could not register GPIO reset controllersubdevice; proceeding anyway.\n");
                else
                        cx->hw_flags |= CX18_HW_GPIO_RESET_CTRL;
        }

        /* active i2c  */
        CX18_DEBUG_INFO("activating i2c...\n");
        retval = init_cx18_i2c(cx);
        if (retval) {
                CX18_ERR("Could not initialize i2c\n");
                goto free_map;
        }

        if (cx->card->hw_all & CX18_HW_TVEEPROM) {
                /* Based on the model number the cardtype may be changed.
                   The PCI IDs are not always reliable. */
                const struct cx18_card *orig_card = cx->card;
                cx18_process_eeprom(cx);

                if (cx->card != orig_card) {
                        /* Changed the cardtype; re-reset the I2C chips */
                        cx18_gpio_init(cx);
                        cx18_call_hw(cx, CX18_HW_GPIO_RESET_CTRL,
                                        core, reset, (u32) CX18_GPIO_RESET_I2C);
                }
        }
        if (cx->card->comment)
                CX18_INFO("%s", cx->card->comment);
        if (cx->card->v4l2_capabilities == 0) {
                retval = -ENODEV;
                goto free_i2c;
        }
        cx18_init_memory(cx);
        cx18_init_scb(cx);

        /* Register IRQ */
        retval = request_irq(cx->pci_dev->irq, cx18_irq_handler,
                             IRQF_SHARED, cx->v4l2_dev.name, (void *)cx);
        if (retval) {
                CX18_ERR("Failed to register irq %d\n", retval);
                goto free_i2c;
        }

        if (cx->std == 0)
                cx->std = V4L2_STD_NTSC_M;

        if (cx->options.tuner == -1) {
                for (i = 0; i < CX18_CARD_MAX_TUNERS; i++) {
                        if ((cx->std & cx->card->tuners[i].std) == 0)
                                continue;
                        cx->options.tuner = cx->card->tuners[i].tuner;
                        break;
                }
        }
        /* if no tuner was found, then pick the first tuner in the card list */
        if (cx->options.tuner == -1 && cx->card->tuners[0].std) {
                cx->std = cx->card->tuners[0].std;
                if (cx->std & V4L2_STD_PAL)
                        cx->std = V4L2_STD_PAL_BG | V4L2_STD_PAL_H;
                else if (cx->std & V4L2_STD_NTSC)
                        cx->std = V4L2_STD_NTSC_M;
                else if (cx->std & V4L2_STD_SECAM)
                        cx->std = V4L2_STD_SECAM_L;
                cx->options.tuner = cx->card->tuners[0].tuner;
        }
        if (cx->options.radio == -1)
                cx->options.radio = (cx->card->radio_input.audio_type != 0);

        /* The card is now fully identified, continue with card-specific
           initialization. */
        cx18_init_struct2(cx);

        cx18_init_subdevs(cx);

        if (cx->std & V4L2_STD_525_60)
                cx->is_60hz = 1;
        else
                cx->is_50hz = 1;

        cx2341x_handler_set_50hz(&cx->cxhdl, !cx->is_60hz);

        if (cx->options.radio > 0)
                cx->v4l2_cap |= V4L2_CAP_RADIO;

        if (cx->options.tuner > -1) {
                struct tuner_setup setup;

                setup.addr = ADDR_UNSET;
                setup.type = cx->options.tuner;
                setup.mode_mask = T_ANALOG_TV;  /* matches TV tuners */
                setup.config = NULL;
                if (cx->options.radio > 0)
                        setup.mode_mask |= T_RADIO;
                setup.tuner_callback = (setup.type == TUNER_XC2028) ?
                        cx18_reset_tuner_gpio : NULL;
                cx18_call_all(cx, tuner, s_type_addr, &setup);
                if (setup.type == TUNER_XC2028) {
                        static struct xc2028_ctrl ctrl = {
                                .fname = XC2028_DEFAULT_FIRMWARE,
                                .max_len = 64,
                        };
                        struct v4l2_priv_tun_config cfg = {
                                .tuner = cx->options.tuner,
                                .priv = &ctrl,
                        };
                        cx18_call_all(cx, tuner, s_config, &cfg);
                }
        }

        /* The tuner is fixed to the standard. The other inputs (e.g. S-Video)
           are not. */
        cx->tuner_std = cx->std;
        if (cx->std == V4L2_STD_ALL)
                cx->std = V4L2_STD_NTSC_M;

        retval = cx18_streams_setup(cx);
        if (retval) {
                CX18_ERR("Error %d setting up streams\n", retval);
                goto free_irq;
        }
        retval = cx18_streams_register(cx);
        if (retval) {
                CX18_ERR("Error %d registering devices\n", retval);
                goto free_streams;
        }

        CX18_INFO("Initialized card: %s\n", cx->card_name);

        /* Load cx18 submodules (cx18-alsa) */
        request_modules(cx);
        return 0;

free_streams:
        cx18_streams_cleanup(cx, 1);
free_irq:
        free_irq(cx->pci_dev->irq, (void *)cx);
free_i2c:
        exit_cx18_i2c(cx);
free_map:
        cx18_iounmap(cx);
free_mem:
        release_mem_region(cx->base_addr, CX18_MEM_SIZE);
free_workqueues:
        destroy_workqueue(cx->in_work_queue);
err:
        CX18_ERR("Error %d on initialization\n", retval);

        v4l2_device_unregister(&cx->v4l2_dev);
        kfree(cx);
        return retval;
}

int cx18_init_on_first_open(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        int video_input;
        int fw_retry_count = 3;
        struct v4l2_frequency vf;
        struct cx18_open_id fh;
        v4l2_std_id std;

        fh.cx = cx;

        if (test_bit(CX18_F_I_FAILED, &cx->i_flags))
                return -ENXIO;

        if (test_and_set_bit(CX18_F_I_INITED, &cx->i_flags))
                return 0;

        while (--fw_retry_count > 0) {
                /* load firmware */
                if (cx18_firmware_init(cx) == 0)
                        break;
                if (fw_retry_count > 1)
                        CX18_WARN("Retry loading firmware\n");
        }

        if (fw_retry_count == 0) {
                set_bit(CX18_F_I_FAILED, &cx->i_flags);
                return -ENXIO;
        }
        set_bit(CX18_F_I_LOADED_FW, &cx->i_flags);

        /*
         * Init the firmware twice to work around a silicon bug
         * with the digital TS.
         *
         * The second firmware load requires us to normalize the APU state,
         * or the audio for the first analog capture will be badly incorrect.
         *
         * I can't seem to call APU_RESETAI and have it succeed without the
         * APU capturing audio, so we start and stop it here to do the reset
         */

        /* MPEG Encoding, 224 kbps, MPEG Layer II, 48 ksps */
        cx18_vapi(cx, CX18_APU_START, 2, CX18_APU_ENCODING_METHOD_MPEG|0xb9, 0);
        cx18_vapi(cx, CX18_APU_RESETAI, 0);
        cx18_vapi(cx, CX18_APU_STOP, 1, CX18_APU_ENCODING_METHOD_MPEG);

        fw_retry_count = 3;
        while (--fw_retry_count > 0) {
                /* load firmware */
                if (cx18_firmware_init(cx) == 0)
                        break;
                if (fw_retry_count > 1)
                        CX18_WARN("Retry loading firmware\n");
        }

        if (fw_retry_count == 0) {
                set_bit(CX18_F_I_FAILED, &cx->i_flags);
                return -ENXIO;
        }

        /*
         * The second firmware load requires us to normalize the APU state,
         * or the audio for the first analog capture will be badly incorrect.
         *
         * I can't seem to call APU_RESETAI and have it succeed without the
         * APU capturing audio, so we start and stop it here to do the reset
         */

        /* MPEG Encoding, 224 kbps, MPEG Layer II, 48 ksps */
        cx18_vapi(cx, CX18_APU_START, 2, CX18_APU_ENCODING_METHOD_MPEG|0xb9, 0);
        cx18_vapi(cx, CX18_APU_RESETAI, 0);
        cx18_vapi(cx, CX18_APU_STOP, 1, CX18_APU_ENCODING_METHOD_MPEG);

        /* Init the A/V decoder, if it hasn't been already */
        v4l2_subdev_call(cx->sd_av, core, load_fw);

        vf.tuner = 0;
        vf.type = V4L2_TUNER_ANALOG_TV;
        vf.frequency = 6400; /* the tuner 'baseline' frequency */

        /* Set initial frequency. For PAL/SECAM broadcasts no
           'default' channel exists AFAIK. */
        if (cx->std == V4L2_STD_NTSC_M_JP)
                vf.frequency = 1460;    /* ch. 1 91250*16/1000 */
        else if (cx->std & V4L2_STD_NTSC_M)
                vf.frequency = 1076;    /* ch. 4 67250*16/1000 */

        video_input = cx->active_input;
        cx->active_input++;     /* Force update of input */
        cx18_s_input(NULL, &fh, video_input);

        /* Let the VIDIOC_S_STD ioctl do all the work, keeps the code
           in one place. */
        cx->std++;              /* Force full standard initialization */
        std = (cx->tuner_std == V4L2_STD_ALL) ? V4L2_STD_NTSC_M : cx->tuner_std;
        cx18_s_std(NULL, &fh, std);
        cx18_s_frequency(NULL, &fh, &vf);
        return 0;
}

static void cx18_cancel_in_work_orders(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < CX18_MAX_IN_WORK_ORDERS; i++)
                cancel_work_sync(&cx->in_work_order[i].work);
}

static void cx18_cancel_out_work_orders(struct cx18 *cx)
{
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < CX18_MAX_STREAMS; i++)
                if (cx->streams[i].video_dev.v4l2_dev)
                        cancel_work_sync(&cx->streams[i].out_work_order);
}

static void cx18_remove(struct pci_dev *pci_dev)
{
        struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev = pci_get_drvdata(pci_dev);
        struct cx18 *cx = to_cx18(v4l2_dev);
        int i;

        CX18_DEBUG_INFO("Removing Card\n");

        flush_request_modules(cx);

        /* Stop all captures */
        CX18_DEBUG_INFO("Stopping all streams\n");
        if (atomic_read(&cx->tot_capturing) > 0)
                cx18_stop_all_captures(cx);

        /* Stop interrupts that cause incoming work to be queued */
        cx18_sw1_irq_disable(cx, IRQ_CPU_TO_EPU | IRQ_APU_TO_EPU);

        /* Incoming work can cause outgoing work, so clean up incoming first */
        cx18_cancel_in_work_orders(cx);
        cx18_cancel_out_work_orders(cx);

        /* Stop ack interrupts that may have been needed for work to finish */
        cx18_sw2_irq_disable(cx, IRQ_CPU_TO_EPU_ACK | IRQ_APU_TO_EPU_ACK);

        cx18_halt_firmware(cx);

        destroy_workqueue(cx->in_work_queue);

        cx18_streams_cleanup(cx, 1);

        exit_cx18_i2c(cx);

        free_irq(cx->pci_dev->irq, (void *)cx);

        cx18_iounmap(cx);

        release_mem_region(cx->base_addr, CX18_MEM_SIZE);

        pci_disable_device(cx->pci_dev);

        if (cx->vbi.sliced_mpeg_data[0])
                for (i = 0; i < CX18_VBI_FRAMES; i++)
                        kfree(cx->vbi.sliced_mpeg_data[i]);

        v4l2_ctrl_handler_free(&cx->av_state.hdl);

        CX18_INFO("Removed %s\n", cx->card_name);

        v4l2_device_unregister(v4l2_dev);
        kfree(cx);
}


/* define a pci_driver for card detection */
static struct pci_driver cx18_pci_driver = {
      .name =     "cx18",
      .id_table = cx18_pci_tbl,
      .probe =    cx18_probe,
      .remove =   cx18_remove,
};

static int __init module_start(void)
{
        printk(KERN_INFO "cx18:  Start initialization, version %s\n",
               CX18_VERSION);

        /* Validate parameters */
        if (cx18_first_minor < 0 || cx18_first_minor >= CX18_MAX_CARDS) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "cx18:  Exiting, cx18_first_minor must be between 0 and %d\n",
                     CX18_MAX_CARDS - 1);
                return -1;
        }

        if (cx18_debug < 0 || cx18_debug > 511) {
                cx18_debug = 0;
                printk(KERN_INFO "cx18:   Debug value must be >= 0 and <= 511!\n");
        }

        if (pci_register_driver(&cx18_pci_driver)) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "cx18:   Error detecting PCI card\n");
                return -ENODEV;
        }
        printk(KERN_INFO "cx18:  End initialization\n");
        return 0;
}

static void __exit module_cleanup(void)
{
        pci_unregister_driver(&cx18_pci_driver);
}

module_init(module_start);
module_exit(module_cleanup);
MODULE_FIRMWARE(XC2028_DEFAULT_FIRMWARE);