printf: Remove unused 'bprintf'

[drm/drm-misc.git] / sound / usb / endpoint.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 */

#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
#include <linux/usb.h>
#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

#include <sound/core.h>
#include <sound/pcm.h>
#include <sound/pcm_params.h>

#include "usbaudio.h"
#include "helper.h"
#include "card.h"
#include "endpoint.h"
#include "pcm.h"
#include "clock.h"
#include "quirks.h"

enum {
        EP_STATE_STOPPED,
        EP_STATE_RUNNING,
        EP_STATE_STOPPING,
};

/* interface refcounting */
struct snd_usb_iface_ref {
        unsigned char iface;
        bool need_setup;
        int opened;
        int altset;
        struct list_head list;
};

/* clock refcounting */
struct snd_usb_clock_ref {
        unsigned char clock;
        atomic_t locked;
        int opened;
        int rate;
        bool need_setup;
        struct list_head list;
};

/*
 * snd_usb_endpoint is a model that abstracts everything related to an
 * USB endpoint and its streaming.
 *
 * There are functions to activate and deactivate the streaming URBs and
 * optional callbacks to let the pcm logic handle the actual content of the
 * packets for playback and record. Thus, the bus streaming and the audio
 * handlers are fully decoupled.
 *
 * There are two different types of endpoints in audio applications.
 *
 * SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA handles full audio data payload for both
 * inbound and outbound traffic.
 *
 * SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC endpoints are for inbound traffic only and
 * expect the payload to carry Q10.14 / Q16.16 formatted sync information
 * (3 or 4 bytes).
 *
 * Each endpoint has to be configured prior to being used by calling
 * snd_usb_endpoint_set_params().
 *
 * The model incorporates a reference counting, so that multiple users
 * can call snd_usb_endpoint_start() and snd_usb_endpoint_stop(), and
 * only the first user will effectively start the URBs, and only the last
 * one to stop it will tear the URBs down again.
 */

/*
 * convert a sampling rate into our full speed format (fs/1000 in Q16.16)
 * this will overflow at approx 524 kHz
 */
static inline unsigned get_usb_full_speed_rate(unsigned int rate)
{
        return ((rate << 13) + 62) / 125;
}

/*
 * convert a sampling rate into USB high speed format (fs/8000 in Q16.16)
 * this will overflow at approx 4 MHz
 */
static inline unsigned get_usb_high_speed_rate(unsigned int rate)
{
        return ((rate << 10) + 62) / 125;
}

/*
 * release a urb data
 */
static void release_urb_ctx(struct snd_urb_ctx *u)
{
        if (u->urb && u->buffer_size)
                usb_free_coherent(u->ep->chip->dev, u->buffer_size,
                                  u->urb->transfer_buffer,
                                  u->urb->transfer_dma);
        usb_free_urb(u->urb);
        u->urb = NULL;
        u->buffer_size = 0;
}

static const char *usb_error_string(int err)
{
        switch (err) {
        case -ENODEV:
                return "no device";
        case -ENOENT:
                return "endpoint not enabled";
        case -EPIPE:
                return "endpoint stalled";
        case -ENOSPC:
                return "not enough bandwidth";
        case -ESHUTDOWN:
                return "device disabled";
        case -EHOSTUNREACH:
                return "device suspended";
        case -EINVAL:
        case -EAGAIN:
        case -EFBIG:
        case -EMSGSIZE:
                return "internal error";
        default:
                return "unknown error";
        }
}

static inline bool ep_state_running(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        return atomic_read(&ep->state) == EP_STATE_RUNNING;
}

static inline bool ep_state_update(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, int old, int new)
{
        return atomic_try_cmpxchg(&ep->state, &old, new);
}

/**
 * snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink: Report endpoint usage type
 *
 * @ep: The snd_usb_endpoint
 *
 * Determine whether an endpoint is driven by an implicit feedback
 * data endpoint source.
 */
int snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        return  ep->implicit_fb_sync && usb_pipeout(ep->pipe);
}

/*
 * Return the number of samples to be sent in the next packet
 * for streaming based on information derived from sync endpoints
 *
 * This won't be used for implicit feedback which takes the packet size
 * returned from the sync source
 */
static int slave_next_packet_size(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                  unsigned int avail)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        unsigned int phase;
        int ret;

        if (ep->fill_max)
                return ep->maxframesize;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
        phase = (ep->phase & 0xffff) + (ep->freqm << ep->datainterval);
        ret = min(phase >> 16, ep->maxframesize);
        if (avail && ret >= avail)
                ret = -EAGAIN;
        else
                ep->phase = phase;
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * Return the number of samples to be sent in the next packet
 * for adaptive and synchronous endpoints
 */
static int next_packet_size(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, unsigned int avail)
{
        unsigned int sample_accum;
        int ret;

        if (ep->fill_max)
                return ep->maxframesize;

        sample_accum = ep->sample_accum + ep->sample_rem;
        if (sample_accum >= ep->pps) {
                sample_accum -= ep->pps;
                ret = ep->packsize[1];
        } else {
                ret = ep->packsize[0];
        }
        if (avail && ret >= avail)
                ret = -EAGAIN;
        else
                ep->sample_accum = sample_accum;

        return ret;
}

/*
 * snd_usb_endpoint_next_packet_size: Return the number of samples to be sent
 * in the next packet
 *
 * If the size is equal or exceeds @avail, don't proceed but return -EAGAIN
 * Exception: @avail = 0 for skipping the check.
 */
int snd_usb_endpoint_next_packet_size(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                      struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx, int idx,
                                      unsigned int avail)
{
        unsigned int packet;

        packet = ctx->packet_size[idx];
        if (packet) {
                if (avail && packet >= avail)
                        return -EAGAIN;
                return packet;
        }

        if (ep->sync_source)
                return slave_next_packet_size(ep, avail);
        else
                return next_packet_size(ep, avail);
}

static void call_retire_callback(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                 struct urb *urb)
{
        struct snd_usb_substream *data_subs;

        data_subs = READ_ONCE(ep->data_subs);
        if (data_subs && ep->retire_data_urb)
                ep->retire_data_urb(data_subs, urb);
}

static void retire_outbound_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                struct snd_urb_ctx *urb_ctx)
{
        call_retire_callback(ep, urb_ctx->urb);
}

static void snd_usb_handle_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                    struct snd_usb_endpoint *sender,
                                    const struct urb *urb);

static void retire_inbound_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                               struct snd_urb_ctx *urb_ctx)
{
        struct urb *urb = urb_ctx->urb;
        struct snd_usb_endpoint *sync_sink;

        if (unlikely(ep->skip_packets > 0)) {
                ep->skip_packets--;
                return;
        }

        sync_sink = READ_ONCE(ep->sync_sink);
        if (sync_sink)
                snd_usb_handle_sync_urb(sync_sink, ep, urb);

        call_retire_callback(ep, urb);
}

static inline bool has_tx_length_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
{
        return chip->quirk_flags & QUIRK_FLAG_TX_LENGTH;
}

static void prepare_silent_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                               struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx)
{
        struct urb *urb = ctx->urb;
        unsigned int offs = 0;
        unsigned int extra = 0;
        __le32 packet_length;
        int i;

        /* For tx_length_quirk, put packet length at start of packet */
        if (has_tx_length_quirk(ep->chip))
                extra = sizeof(packet_length);

        for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; ++i) {
                unsigned int offset;
                unsigned int length;
                int counts;

                counts = snd_usb_endpoint_next_packet_size(ep, ctx, i, 0);
                length = counts * ep->stride; /* number of silent bytes */
                offset = offs * ep->stride + extra * i;
                urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offset;
                urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = length + extra;
                if (extra) {
                        packet_length = cpu_to_le32(length);
                        memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer + offset,
                               &packet_length, sizeof(packet_length));
                }
                memset(urb->transfer_buffer + offset + extra,
                       ep->silence_value, length);
                offs += counts;
        }

        urb->number_of_packets = ctx->packets;
        urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs * ep->stride + ctx->packets * extra;
        ctx->queued = 0;
}

/*
 * Prepare a PLAYBACK urb for submission to the bus.
 */
static int prepare_outbound_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx,
                                bool in_stream_lock)
{
        struct urb *urb = ctx->urb;
        unsigned char *cp = urb->transfer_buffer;
        struct snd_usb_substream *data_subs;

        urb->dev = ep->chip->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */

        switch (ep->type) {
        case SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA:
                data_subs = READ_ONCE(ep->data_subs);
                if (data_subs && ep->prepare_data_urb)
                        return ep->prepare_data_urb(data_subs, urb, in_stream_lock);
                /* no data provider, so send silence */
                prepare_silent_urb(ep, ctx);
                break;

        case SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC:
                if (snd_usb_get_speed(ep->chip->dev) >= USB_SPEED_HIGH) {
                        /*
                         * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
                         * the fixed 12.13 frequency is passed as 16.16 through the pipe.
                         */
                        urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 4;
                        urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
                        cp[0] = ep->freqn;
                        cp[1] = ep->freqn >> 8;
                        cp[2] = ep->freqn >> 16;
                        cp[3] = ep->freqn >> 24;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
                         * the fixed 10.14 frequency is passed through the pipe.
                         */
                        urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 3;
                        urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
                        cp[0] = ep->freqn >> 2;
                        cp[1] = ep->freqn >> 10;
                        cp[2] = ep->freqn >> 18;
                }

                break;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Prepare a CAPTURE or SYNC urb for submission to the bus.
 */
static int prepare_inbound_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                               struct snd_urb_ctx *urb_ctx)
{
        int i, offs;
        struct urb *urb = urb_ctx->urb;

        urb->dev = ep->chip->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */

        switch (ep->type) {
        case SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA:
                offs = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < urb_ctx->packets; i++) {
                        urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs;
                        urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = ep->curpacksize;
                        offs += ep->curpacksize;
                }

                urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs;
                urb->number_of_packets = urb_ctx->packets;
                break;

        case SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC:
                urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = min(4u, ep->syncmaxsize);
                urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
                break;
        }
        return 0;
}

/* notify an error as XRUN to the assigned PCM data substream */
static void notify_xrun(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        struct snd_usb_substream *data_subs;

        data_subs = READ_ONCE(ep->data_subs);
        if (data_subs && data_subs->pcm_substream)
                snd_pcm_stop_xrun(data_subs->pcm_substream);
}

static struct snd_usb_packet_info *
next_packet_fifo_enqueue(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        struct snd_usb_packet_info *p;

        p = ep->next_packet + (ep->next_packet_head + ep->next_packet_queued) %
                ARRAY_SIZE(ep->next_packet);
        ep->next_packet_queued++;
        return p;
}

static struct snd_usb_packet_info *
next_packet_fifo_dequeue(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        struct snd_usb_packet_info *p;

        p = ep->next_packet + ep->next_packet_head;
        ep->next_packet_head++;
        ep->next_packet_head %= ARRAY_SIZE(ep->next_packet);
        ep->next_packet_queued--;
        return p;
}

static void push_back_to_ready_list(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                    struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
        list_add_tail(&ctx->ready_list, &ep->ready_playback_urbs);
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
}

/*
 * Send output urbs that have been prepared previously. URBs are dequeued
 * from ep->ready_playback_urbs and in case there aren't any available
 * or there are no packets that have been prepared, this function does
 * nothing.
 *
 * The reason why the functionality of sending and preparing URBs is separated
 * is that host controllers don't guarantee the order in which they return
 * inbound and outbound packets to their submitters.
 *
 * This function is used both for implicit feedback endpoints and in low-
 * latency playback mode.
 */
int snd_usb_queue_pending_output_urbs(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                      bool in_stream_lock)
{
        bool implicit_fb = snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink(ep);

        while (ep_state_running(ep)) {

                unsigned long flags;
                struct snd_usb_packet_info *packet;
                struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = NULL;
                int err, i;

                spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
                if ((!implicit_fb || ep->next_packet_queued > 0) &&
                    !list_empty(&ep->ready_playback_urbs)) {
                        /* take URB out of FIFO */
                        ctx = list_first_entry(&ep->ready_playback_urbs,
                                               struct snd_urb_ctx, ready_list);
                        list_del_init(&ctx->ready_list);
                        if (implicit_fb)
                                packet = next_packet_fifo_dequeue(ep);
                }
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);

                if (ctx == NULL)
                        break;

                /* copy over the length information */
                if (implicit_fb) {
                        for (i = 0; i < packet->packets; i++)
                                ctx->packet_size[i] = packet->packet_size[i];
                }

                /* call the data handler to fill in playback data */
                err = prepare_outbound_urb(ep, ctx, in_stream_lock);
                /* can be stopped during prepare callback */
                if (unlikely(!ep_state_running(ep)))
                        break;
                if (err < 0) {
                        /* push back to ready list again for -EAGAIN */
                        if (err == -EAGAIN) {
                                push_back_to_ready_list(ep, ctx);
                                break;
                        }

                        if (!in_stream_lock)
                                notify_xrun(ep);
                        return -EPIPE;
                }

                if (!atomic_read(&ep->chip->shutdown))
                        err = usb_submit_urb(ctx->urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
                else
                        err = -ENODEV;
                if (err < 0) {
                        if (!atomic_read(&ep->chip->shutdown)) {
                                usb_audio_err(ep->chip,
                                              "Unable to submit urb #%d: %d at %s\n",
                                              ctx->index, err, __func__);
                                if (!in_stream_lock)
                                        notify_xrun(ep);
                        }
                        return -EPIPE;
                }

                set_bit(ctx->index, &ep->active_mask);
                atomic_inc(&ep->submitted_urbs);
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * complete callback for urbs
 */
static void snd_complete_urb(struct urb *urb)
{
        struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
        struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep = ctx->ep;
        int err;

        if (unlikely(urb->status == -ENOENT ||          /* unlinked */
                     urb->status == -ENODEV ||          /* device removed */
                     urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||      /* unlinked */
                     urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN))        /* device disabled */
                goto exit_clear;
        /* device disconnected */
        if (unlikely(atomic_read(&ep->chip->shutdown)))
                goto exit_clear;

        if (unlikely(!ep_state_running(ep)))
                goto exit_clear;

        if (usb_pipeout(ep->pipe)) {
                retire_outbound_urb(ep, ctx);
                /* can be stopped during retire callback */
                if (unlikely(!ep_state_running(ep)))
                        goto exit_clear;

                /* in low-latency and implicit-feedback modes, push back the
                 * URB to ready list at first, then process as much as possible
                 */
                if (ep->lowlatency_playback ||
                     snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink(ep)) {
                        push_back_to_ready_list(ep, ctx);
                        clear_bit(ctx->index, &ep->active_mask);
                        snd_usb_queue_pending_output_urbs(ep, false);
                        atomic_dec(&ep->submitted_urbs); /* decrement at last */
                        return;
                }

                /* in non-lowlatency mode, no error handling for prepare */
                prepare_outbound_urb(ep, ctx, false);
                /* can be stopped during prepare callback */
                if (unlikely(!ep_state_running(ep)))
                        goto exit_clear;
        } else {
                retire_inbound_urb(ep, ctx);
                /* can be stopped during retire callback */
                if (unlikely(!ep_state_running(ep)))
                        goto exit_clear;

                prepare_inbound_urb(ep, ctx);
        }

        if (!atomic_read(&ep->chip->shutdown))
                err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
        else
                err = -ENODEV;
        if (err == 0)
                return;

        if (!atomic_read(&ep->chip->shutdown)) {
                usb_audio_err(ep->chip, "cannot submit urb (err = %d)\n", err);
                notify_xrun(ep);
        }

exit_clear:
        clear_bit(ctx->index, &ep->active_mask);
        atomic_dec(&ep->submitted_urbs);
}

/*
 * Find or create a refcount object for the given interface
 *
 * The objects are released altogether in snd_usb_endpoint_free_all()
 */
static struct snd_usb_iface_ref *
iface_ref_find(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface)
{
        struct snd_usb_iface_ref *ip;

        list_for_each_entry(ip, &chip->iface_ref_list, list)
                if (ip->iface == iface)
                        return ip;

        ip = kzalloc(sizeof(*ip), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ip)
                return NULL;
        ip->iface = iface;
        list_add_tail(&ip->list, &chip->iface_ref_list);
        return ip;
}

/* Similarly, a refcount object for clock */
static struct snd_usb_clock_ref *
clock_ref_find(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int clock)
{
        struct snd_usb_clock_ref *ref;

        list_for_each_entry(ref, &chip->clock_ref_list, list)
                if (ref->clock == clock)
                        return ref;

        ref = kzalloc(sizeof(*ref), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ref)
                return NULL;
        ref->clock = clock;
        atomic_set(&ref->locked, 0);
        list_add_tail(&ref->list, &chip->clock_ref_list);
        return ref;
}

/*
 * Get the existing endpoint object corresponding EP
 * Returns NULL if not present.
 */
struct snd_usb_endpoint *
snd_usb_get_endpoint(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ep_num)
{
        struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;

        list_for_each_entry(ep, &chip->ep_list, list) {
                if (ep->ep_num == ep_num)
                        return ep;
        }

        return NULL;
}

#define ep_type_name(type) \
        (type == SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA ? "data" : "sync")

/**
 * snd_usb_add_endpoint: Add an endpoint to an USB audio chip
 *
 * @chip: The chip
 * @ep_num: The number of the endpoint to use
 * @type: SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA or SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC
 *
 * If the requested endpoint has not been added to the given chip before,
 * a new instance is created.
 *
 * Returns zero on success or a negative error code.
 *
 * New endpoints will be added to chip->ep_list and freed by
 * calling snd_usb_endpoint_free_all().
 *
 * For SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC, the caller needs to guarantee that
 * bNumEndpoints > 1 beforehand.
 */
int snd_usb_add_endpoint(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ep_num, int type)
{
        struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
        bool is_playback;

        ep = snd_usb_get_endpoint(chip, ep_num);
        if (ep)
                return 0;

        usb_audio_dbg(chip, "Creating new %s endpoint #%x\n",
                      ep_type_name(type),
                      ep_num);
        ep = kzalloc(sizeof(*ep), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ep)
                return -ENOMEM;

        ep->chip = chip;
        spin_lock_init(&ep->lock);
        ep->type = type;
        ep->ep_num = ep_num;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ep->ready_playback_urbs);
        atomic_set(&ep->submitted_urbs, 0);

        is_playback = ((ep_num & USB_ENDPOINT_DIR_MASK) == USB_DIR_OUT);
        ep_num &= USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
        if (is_playback)
                ep->pipe = usb_sndisocpipe(chip->dev, ep_num);
        else
                ep->pipe = usb_rcvisocpipe(chip->dev, ep_num);

        list_add_tail(&ep->list, &chip->ep_list);
        return 0;
}

/* Set up syncinterval and maxsyncsize for a sync EP */
static void endpoint_set_syncinterval(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
                                      struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        struct usb_host_interface *alts;
        struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *desc;

        alts = snd_usb_get_host_interface(chip, ep->iface, ep->altsetting);
        if (!alts)
                return;

        desc = get_endpoint(alts, ep->ep_idx);
        if (desc->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
            desc->bRefresh >= 1 && desc->bRefresh <= 9)
                ep->syncinterval = desc->bRefresh;
        else if (snd_usb_get_speed(chip->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL)
                ep->syncinterval = 1;
        else if (desc->bInterval >= 1 && desc->bInterval <= 16)
                ep->syncinterval = desc->bInterval - 1;
        else
                ep->syncinterval = 3;

        ep->syncmaxsize = le16_to_cpu(desc->wMaxPacketSize);
}

static bool endpoint_compatible(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                const struct audioformat *fp,
                                const struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
{
        if (!ep->opened)
                return false;
        if (ep->cur_audiofmt != fp)
                return false;
        if (ep->cur_rate != params_rate(params) ||
            ep->cur_format != params_format(params) ||
            ep->cur_period_frames != params_period_size(params) ||
            ep->cur_buffer_periods != params_periods(params))
                return false;
        return true;
}

/*
 * Check whether the given fp and hw params are compatible with the current
 * setup of the target EP for implicit feedback sync
 */
bool snd_usb_endpoint_compatible(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
                                 struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                 const struct audioformat *fp,
                                 const struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
{
        bool ret;

        mutex_lock(&chip->mutex);
        ret = endpoint_compatible(ep, fp, params);
        mutex_unlock(&chip->mutex);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * snd_usb_endpoint_open: Open the endpoint
 *
 * Called from hw_params to assign the endpoint to the substream.
 * It's reference-counted, and only the first opener is allowed to set up
 * arbitrary parameters.  The later opener must be compatible with the
 * former opened parameters.
 * The endpoint needs to be closed via snd_usb_endpoint_close() later.
 *
 * Note that this function doesn't configure the endpoint.  The substream
 * needs to set it up later via snd_usb_endpoint_set_params() and
 * snd_usb_endpoint_prepare().
 */
struct snd_usb_endpoint *
snd_usb_endpoint_open(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
                      const struct audioformat *fp,
                      const struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
                      bool is_sync_ep,
                      bool fixed_rate)
{
        struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
        int ep_num = is_sync_ep ? fp->sync_ep : fp->endpoint;

        mutex_lock(&chip->mutex);
        ep = snd_usb_get_endpoint(chip, ep_num);
        if (!ep) {
                usb_audio_err(chip, "Cannot find EP 0x%x to open\n", ep_num);
                goto unlock;
        }

        if (!ep->opened) {
                if (is_sync_ep) {
                        ep->iface = fp->sync_iface;
                        ep->altsetting = fp->sync_altsetting;
                        ep->ep_idx = fp->sync_ep_idx;
                } else {
                        ep->iface = fp->iface;
                        ep->altsetting = fp->altsetting;
                        ep->ep_idx = fp->ep_idx;
                }
                usb_audio_dbg(chip, "Open EP 0x%x, iface=%d:%d, idx=%d\n",
                              ep_num, ep->iface, ep->altsetting, ep->ep_idx);

                ep->iface_ref = iface_ref_find(chip, ep->iface);
                if (!ep->iface_ref) {
                        ep = NULL;
                        goto unlock;
                }

                if (fp->protocol != UAC_VERSION_1) {
                        ep->clock_ref = clock_ref_find(chip, fp->clock);
                        if (!ep->clock_ref) {
                                ep = NULL;
                                goto unlock;
                        }
                        ep->clock_ref->opened++;
                }

                ep->cur_audiofmt = fp;
                ep->cur_channels = fp->channels;
                ep->cur_rate = params_rate(params);
                ep->cur_format = params_format(params);
                ep->cur_frame_bytes = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(ep->cur_format) *
                        ep->cur_channels / 8;
                ep->cur_period_frames = params_period_size(params);
                ep->cur_period_bytes = ep->cur_period_frames * ep->cur_frame_bytes;
                ep->cur_buffer_periods = params_periods(params);

                if (ep->type == SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC)
                        endpoint_set_syncinterval(chip, ep);

                ep->implicit_fb_sync = fp->implicit_fb;
                ep->need_setup = true;
                ep->need_prepare = true;
                ep->fixed_rate = fixed_rate;

                usb_audio_dbg(chip, "  channels=%d, rate=%d, format=%s, period_bytes=%d, periods=%d, implicit_fb=%d\n",
                              ep->cur_channels, ep->cur_rate,
                              snd_pcm_format_name(ep->cur_format),
                              ep->cur_period_bytes, ep->cur_buffer_periods,
                              ep->implicit_fb_sync);

        } else {
                if (WARN_ON(!ep->iface_ref)) {
                        ep = NULL;
                        goto unlock;
                }

                if (!endpoint_compatible(ep, fp, params)) {
                        usb_audio_err(chip, "Incompatible EP setup for 0x%x\n",
                                      ep_num);
                        ep = NULL;
                        goto unlock;
                }

                usb_audio_dbg(chip, "Reopened EP 0x%x (count %d)\n",
                              ep_num, ep->opened);
        }

        if (!ep->iface_ref->opened++)
                ep->iface_ref->need_setup = true;

        ep->opened++;

 unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&chip->mutex);
        return ep;
}

/*
 * snd_usb_endpoint_set_sync: Link data and sync endpoints
 *
 * Pass NULL to sync_ep to unlink again
 */
void snd_usb_endpoint_set_sync(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
                               struct snd_usb_endpoint *data_ep,
                               struct snd_usb_endpoint *sync_ep)
{
        data_ep->sync_source = sync_ep;
}

/*
 * Set data endpoint callbacks and the assigned data stream
 *
 * Called at PCM trigger and cleanups.
 * Pass NULL to deactivate each callback.
 */
void snd_usb_endpoint_set_callback(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                   int (*prepare)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
                                                  struct urb *urb,
                                                  bool in_stream_lock),
                                   void (*retire)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
                                                  struct urb *urb),
                                   struct snd_usb_substream *data_subs)
{
        ep->prepare_data_urb = prepare;
        ep->retire_data_urb = retire;
        if (data_subs)
                ep->lowlatency_playback = data_subs->lowlatency_playback;
        else
                ep->lowlatency_playback = false;
        WRITE_ONCE(ep->data_subs, data_subs);
}

static int endpoint_set_interface(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
                                  struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                  bool set)
{
        int altset = set ? ep->altsetting : 0;
        int err;

        if (ep->iface_ref->altset == altset)
                return 0;
        /* already disconnected? */
        if (unlikely(atomic_read(&chip->shutdown)))
                return -ENODEV;

        usb_audio_dbg(chip, "Setting usb interface %d:%d for EP 0x%x\n",
                      ep->iface, altset, ep->ep_num);
        err = usb_set_interface(chip->dev, ep->iface, altset);
        if (err < 0) {
                usb_audio_err_ratelimited(
                        chip, "%d:%d: usb_set_interface failed (%d)\n",
                        ep->iface, altset, err);
                return err;
        }

        if (chip->quirk_flags & QUIRK_FLAG_IFACE_DELAY)
                msleep(50);
        ep->iface_ref->altset = altset;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * snd_usb_endpoint_close: Close the endpoint
 *
 * Unreference the already opened endpoint via snd_usb_endpoint_open().
 */
void snd_usb_endpoint_close(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
                            struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        mutex_lock(&chip->mutex);
        usb_audio_dbg(chip, "Closing EP 0x%x (count %d)\n",
                      ep->ep_num, ep->opened);

        if (!--ep->iface_ref->opened &&
                !(chip->quirk_flags & QUIRK_FLAG_IFACE_SKIP_CLOSE))
                endpoint_set_interface(chip, ep, false);

        if (!--ep->opened) {
                if (ep->clock_ref) {
                        if (!--ep->clock_ref->opened)
                                ep->clock_ref->rate = 0;
                }
                ep->iface = 0;
                ep->altsetting = 0;
                ep->cur_audiofmt = NULL;
                ep->cur_rate = 0;
                ep->iface_ref = NULL;
                ep->clock_ref = NULL;
                usb_audio_dbg(chip, "EP 0x%x closed\n", ep->ep_num);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&chip->mutex);
}

/* Prepare for suspening EP, called from the main suspend handler */
void snd_usb_endpoint_suspend(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        ep->need_prepare = true;
        if (ep->iface_ref)
                ep->iface_ref->need_setup = true;
        if (ep->clock_ref)
                ep->clock_ref->rate = 0;
}

/*
 *  wait until all urbs are processed.
 */
static int wait_clear_urbs(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        unsigned long end_time = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(1000);
        int alive;

        if (atomic_read(&ep->state) != EP_STATE_STOPPING)
                return 0;

        do {
                alive = atomic_read(&ep->submitted_urbs);
                if (!alive)
                        break;

                schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
        } while (time_before(jiffies, end_time));

        if (alive)
                usb_audio_err(ep->chip,
                        "timeout: still %d active urbs on EP #%x\n",
                        alive, ep->ep_num);

        if (ep_state_update(ep, EP_STATE_STOPPING, EP_STATE_STOPPED)) {
                ep->sync_sink = NULL;
                snd_usb_endpoint_set_callback(ep, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        }

        return 0;
}

/* sync the pending stop operation;
 * this function itself doesn't trigger the stop operation
 */
void snd_usb_endpoint_sync_pending_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        if (ep)
                wait_clear_urbs(ep);
}

/*
 * Stop active urbs
 *
 * This function moves the EP to STOPPING state if it's being RUNNING.
 */
static int stop_urbs(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, bool force, bool keep_pending)
{
        unsigned int i;
        unsigned long flags;

        if (!force && atomic_read(&ep->running))
                return -EBUSY;

        if (!ep_state_update(ep, EP_STATE_RUNNING, EP_STATE_STOPPING))
                return 0;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ep->ready_playback_urbs);
        ep->next_packet_head = 0;
        ep->next_packet_queued = 0;
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);

        if (keep_pending)
                return 0;

        for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++) {
                if (test_bit(i, &ep->active_mask)) {
                        if (!test_and_set_bit(i, &ep->unlink_mask)) {
                                struct urb *u = ep->urb[i].urb;
                                usb_unlink_urb(u);
                        }
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * release an endpoint's urbs
 */
static int release_urbs(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, bool force)
{
        int i, err;

        /* route incoming urbs to nirvana */
        snd_usb_endpoint_set_callback(ep, NULL, NULL, NULL);

        /* stop and unlink urbs */
        err = stop_urbs(ep, force, false);
        if (err)
                return err;

        wait_clear_urbs(ep);

        for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++)
                release_urb_ctx(&ep->urb[i]);

        usb_free_coherent(ep->chip->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
                          ep->syncbuf, ep->sync_dma);

        ep->syncbuf = NULL;
        ep->nurbs = 0;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * configure a data endpoint
 */
static int data_ep_set_params(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        struct snd_usb_audio *chip = ep->chip;
        unsigned int maxsize, minsize, packs_per_ms, max_packs_per_urb;
        unsigned int max_packs_per_period, urbs_per_period, urb_packs;
        unsigned int max_urbs, i;
        const struct audioformat *fmt = ep->cur_audiofmt;
        int frame_bits = ep->cur_frame_bytes * 8;
        int tx_length_quirk = (has_tx_length_quirk(chip) &&
                               usb_pipeout(ep->pipe));

        usb_audio_dbg(chip, "Setting params for data EP 0x%x, pipe 0x%x\n",
                      ep->ep_num, ep->pipe);

        if (ep->cur_format == SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_LE && fmt->dsd_dop) {
                /*
                 * When operating in DSD DOP mode, the size of a sample frame
                 * in hardware differs from the actual physical format width
                 * because we need to make room for the DOP markers.
                 */
                frame_bits += ep->cur_channels << 3;
        }

        ep->datainterval = fmt->datainterval;
        ep->stride = frame_bits >> 3;

        switch (ep->cur_format) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8:
                ep->silence_value = 0x80;
                break;
        case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U8:
        case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_LE:
        case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_LE:
        case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_BE:
        case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_BE:
                ep->silence_value = 0x69;
                break;
        default:
                ep->silence_value = 0;
        }

        /* assume max. frequency is 50% higher than nominal */
        ep->freqmax = ep->freqn + (ep->freqn >> 1);
        /* Round up freqmax to nearest integer in order to calculate maximum
         * packet size, which must represent a whole number of frames.
         * This is accomplished by adding 0x0.ffff before converting the
         * Q16.16 format into integer.
         * In order to accurately calculate the maximum packet size when
         * the data interval is more than 1 (i.e. ep->datainterval > 0),
         * multiply by the data interval prior to rounding. For instance,
         * a freqmax of 41 kHz will result in a max packet size of 6 (5.125)
         * frames with a data interval of 1, but 11 (10.25) frames with a
         * data interval of 2.
         * (ep->freqmax << ep->datainterval overflows at 8.192 MHz for the
         * maximum datainterval value of 3, at USB full speed, higher for
         * USB high speed, noting that ep->freqmax is in units of
         * frames per packet in Q16.16 format.)
         */
        maxsize = (((ep->freqmax << ep->datainterval) + 0xffff) >> 16) *
                         (frame_bits >> 3);
        if (tx_length_quirk)
                maxsize += sizeof(__le32); /* Space for length descriptor */
        /* but wMaxPacketSize might reduce this */
        if (ep->maxpacksize && ep->maxpacksize < maxsize) {
                /* whatever fits into a max. size packet */
                unsigned int data_maxsize = maxsize = ep->maxpacksize;

                if (tx_length_quirk)
                        /* Need to remove the length descriptor to calc freq */
                        data_maxsize -= sizeof(__le32);
                ep->freqmax = (data_maxsize / (frame_bits >> 3))
                                << (16 - ep->datainterval);
        }

        if (ep->fill_max)
                ep->curpacksize = ep->maxpacksize;
        else
                ep->curpacksize = maxsize;

        if (snd_usb_get_speed(chip->dev) != USB_SPEED_FULL) {
                packs_per_ms = 8 >> ep->datainterval;
                max_packs_per_urb = MAX_PACKS_HS;
        } else {
                packs_per_ms = 1;
                max_packs_per_urb = MAX_PACKS;
        }
        if (ep->sync_source && !ep->implicit_fb_sync)
                max_packs_per_urb = min(max_packs_per_urb,
                                        1U << ep->sync_source->syncinterval);
        max_packs_per_urb = max(1u, max_packs_per_urb >> ep->datainterval);

        /*
         * Capture endpoints need to use small URBs because there's no way
         * to tell in advance where the next period will end, and we don't
         * want the next URB to complete much after the period ends.
         *
         * Playback endpoints with implicit sync much use the same parameters
         * as their corresponding capture endpoint.
         */
        if (usb_pipein(ep->pipe) || ep->implicit_fb_sync) {

                /* make capture URBs <= 1 ms and smaller than a period */
                urb_packs = min(max_packs_per_urb, packs_per_ms);
                while (urb_packs > 1 && urb_packs * maxsize >= ep->cur_period_bytes)
                        urb_packs >>= 1;
                ep->nurbs = MAX_URBS;

        /*
         * Playback endpoints without implicit sync are adjusted so that
         * a period fits as evenly as possible in the smallest number of
         * URBs.  The total number of URBs is adjusted to the size of the
         * ALSA buffer, subject to the MAX_URBS and MAX_QUEUE limits.
         */
        } else {
                /* determine how small a packet can be */
                minsize = (ep->freqn >> (16 - ep->datainterval)) *
                                (frame_bits >> 3);
                /* with sync from device, assume it can be 12% lower */
                if (ep->sync_source)
                        minsize -= minsize >> 3;
                minsize = max(minsize, 1u);

                /* how many packets will contain an entire ALSA period? */
                max_packs_per_period = DIV_ROUND_UP(ep->cur_period_bytes, minsize);

                /* how many URBs will contain a period? */
                urbs_per_period = DIV_ROUND_UP(max_packs_per_period,
                                max_packs_per_urb);
                /* how many packets are needed in each URB? */
                urb_packs = DIV_ROUND_UP(max_packs_per_period, urbs_per_period);

                /* limit the number of frames in a single URB */
                ep->max_urb_frames = DIV_ROUND_UP(ep->cur_period_frames,
                                                  urbs_per_period);

                /* try to use enough URBs to contain an entire ALSA buffer */
                max_urbs = min((unsigned) MAX_URBS,
                                MAX_QUEUE * packs_per_ms / urb_packs);
                ep->nurbs = min(max_urbs, urbs_per_period * ep->cur_buffer_periods);
        }

        /* allocate and initialize data urbs */
        for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++) {
                struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &ep->urb[i];
                u->index = i;
                u->ep = ep;
                u->packets = urb_packs;
                u->buffer_size = maxsize * u->packets;

                if (fmt->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II)
                        u->packets++; /* for transfer delimiter */
                u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(u->packets, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!u->urb)
                        goto out_of_memory;

                u->urb->transfer_buffer =
                        usb_alloc_coherent(chip->dev, u->buffer_size,
                                           GFP_KERNEL, &u->urb->transfer_dma);
                if (!u->urb->transfer_buffer)
                        goto out_of_memory;
                u->urb->pipe = ep->pipe;
                u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
                u->urb->interval = 1 << ep->datainterval;
                u->urb->context = u;
                u->urb->complete = snd_complete_urb;
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&u->ready_list);
        }

        return 0;

out_of_memory:
        release_urbs(ep, false);
        return -ENOMEM;
}

/*
 * configure a sync endpoint
 */
static int sync_ep_set_params(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        struct snd_usb_audio *chip = ep->chip;
        int i;

        usb_audio_dbg(chip, "Setting params for sync EP 0x%x, pipe 0x%x\n",
                      ep->ep_num, ep->pipe);

        ep->syncbuf = usb_alloc_coherent(chip->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
                                         GFP_KERNEL, &ep->sync_dma);
        if (!ep->syncbuf)
                return -ENOMEM;

        ep->nurbs = SYNC_URBS;
        for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
                struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &ep->urb[i];
                u->index = i;
                u->ep = ep;
                u->packets = 1;
                u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(1, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!u->urb)
                        goto out_of_memory;
                u->urb->transfer_buffer = ep->syncbuf + i * 4;
                u->urb->transfer_dma = ep->sync_dma + i * 4;
                u->urb->transfer_buffer_length = 4;
                u->urb->pipe = ep->pipe;
                u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
                u->urb->number_of_packets = 1;
                u->urb->interval = 1 << ep->syncinterval;
                u->urb->context = u;
                u->urb->complete = snd_complete_urb;
        }

        return 0;

out_of_memory:
        release_urbs(ep, false);
        return -ENOMEM;
}

/* update the rate of the referred clock; return the actual rate */
static int update_clock_ref_rate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
                                 struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        struct snd_usb_clock_ref *clock = ep->clock_ref;
        int rate = ep->cur_rate;

        if (!clock || clock->rate == rate)
                return rate;
        if (clock->rate) {
                if (atomic_read(&clock->locked))
                        return clock->rate;
                if (clock->rate != rate) {
                        usb_audio_err(chip, "Mismatched sample rate %d vs %d for EP 0x%x\n",
                                      clock->rate, rate, ep->ep_num);
                        return clock->rate;
                }
        }
        clock->rate = rate;
        clock->need_setup = true;
        return rate;
}

/*
 * snd_usb_endpoint_set_params: configure an snd_usb_endpoint
 *
 * It's called either from hw_params callback.
 * Determine the number of URBs to be used on this endpoint.
 * An endpoint must be configured before it can be started.
 * An endpoint that is already running can not be reconfigured.
 */
int snd_usb_endpoint_set_params(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
                                struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        const struct audioformat *fmt = ep->cur_audiofmt;
        int err = 0;

        mutex_lock(&chip->mutex);
        if (!ep->need_setup)
                goto unlock;

        /* release old buffers, if any */
        err = release_urbs(ep, false);
        if (err < 0)
                goto unlock;

        ep->datainterval = fmt->datainterval;
        ep->maxpacksize = fmt->maxpacksize;
        ep->fill_max = !!(fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_FILL_MAX);

        if (snd_usb_get_speed(chip->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL) {
                ep->freqn = get_usb_full_speed_rate(ep->cur_rate);
                ep->pps = 1000 >> ep->datainterval;
        } else {
                ep->freqn = get_usb_high_speed_rate(ep->cur_rate);
                ep->pps = 8000 >> ep->datainterval;
        }

        ep->sample_rem = ep->cur_rate % ep->pps;
        ep->packsize[0] = ep->cur_rate / ep->pps;
        ep->packsize[1] = (ep->cur_rate + (ep->pps - 1)) / ep->pps;

        /* calculate the frequency in 16.16 format */
        ep->freqm = ep->freqn;
        ep->freqshift = INT_MIN;

        ep->phase = 0;

        switch (ep->type) {
        case  SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA:
                err = data_ep_set_params(ep);
                break;
        case  SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC:
                err = sync_ep_set_params(ep);
                break;
        default:
                err = -EINVAL;
        }

        usb_audio_dbg(chip, "Set up %d URBS, ret=%d\n", ep->nurbs, err);

        if (err < 0)
                goto unlock;

        /* some unit conversions in runtime */
        ep->maxframesize = ep->maxpacksize / ep->cur_frame_bytes;
        ep->curframesize = ep->curpacksize / ep->cur_frame_bytes;

        err = update_clock_ref_rate(chip, ep);
        if (err >= 0) {
                ep->need_setup = false;
                err = 0;
        }

 unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&chip->mutex);
        return err;
}

static int init_sample_rate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
                            struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        struct snd_usb_clock_ref *clock = ep->clock_ref;
        int rate, err;

        rate = update_clock_ref_rate(chip, ep);
        if (rate < 0)
                return rate;
        if (clock && !clock->need_setup)
                return 0;

        if (!ep->fixed_rate) {
                err = snd_usb_init_sample_rate(chip, ep->cur_audiofmt, rate);
                if (err < 0) {
                        if (clock)
                                clock->rate = 0; /* reset rate */
                        return err;
                }
        }

        if (clock)
                clock->need_setup = false;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * snd_usb_endpoint_prepare: Prepare the endpoint
 *
 * This function sets up the EP to be fully usable state.
 * It's called either from prepare callback.
 * The function checks need_setup flag, and performs nothing unless needed,
 * so it's safe to call this multiple times.
 *
 * This returns zero if unchanged, 1 if the configuration has changed,
 * or a negative error code.
 */
int snd_usb_endpoint_prepare(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
                             struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        bool iface_first;
        int err = 0;

        mutex_lock(&chip->mutex);
        if (WARN_ON(!ep->iface_ref))
                goto unlock;
        if (!ep->need_prepare)
                goto unlock;

        /* If the interface has been already set up, just set EP parameters */
        if (!ep->iface_ref->need_setup) {
                /* sample rate setup of UAC1 is per endpoint, and we need
                 * to update at each EP configuration
                 */
                if (ep->cur_audiofmt->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) {
                        err = init_sample_rate(chip, ep);
                        if (err < 0)
                                goto unlock;
                }
                goto done;
        }

        /* Need to deselect altsetting at first */
        endpoint_set_interface(chip, ep, false);

        /* Some UAC1 devices (e.g. Yamaha THR10) need the host interface
         * to be set up before parameter setups
         */
        iface_first = ep->cur_audiofmt->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1;
        /* Workaround for devices that require the interface setup at first like UAC1 */
        if (chip->quirk_flags & QUIRK_FLAG_SET_IFACE_FIRST)
                iface_first = true;
        if (iface_first) {
                err = endpoint_set_interface(chip, ep, true);
                if (err < 0)
                        goto unlock;
        }

        err = snd_usb_init_pitch(chip, ep->cur_audiofmt);
        if (err < 0)
                goto unlock;

        err = init_sample_rate(chip, ep);
        if (err < 0)
                goto unlock;

        err = snd_usb_select_mode_quirk(chip, ep->cur_audiofmt);
        if (err < 0)
                goto unlock;

        /* for UAC2/3, enable the interface altset here at last */
        if (!iface_first) {
                err = endpoint_set_interface(chip, ep, true);
                if (err < 0)
                        goto unlock;
        }

        ep->iface_ref->need_setup = false;

 done:
        ep->need_prepare = false;
        err = 1;

unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&chip->mutex);
        return err;
}

/* get the current rate set to the given clock by any endpoint */
int snd_usb_endpoint_get_clock_rate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int clock)
{
        struct snd_usb_clock_ref *ref;
        int rate = 0;

        if (!clock)
                return 0;
        mutex_lock(&chip->mutex);
        list_for_each_entry(ref, &chip->clock_ref_list, list) {
                if (ref->clock == clock) {
                        rate = ref->rate;
                        break;
                }
        }
        mutex_unlock(&chip->mutex);
        return rate;
}

/**
 * snd_usb_endpoint_start: start an snd_usb_endpoint
 *
 * @ep: the endpoint to start
 *
 * A call to this function will increment the running count of the endpoint.
 * In case it is not already running, the URBs for this endpoint will be
 * submitted. Otherwise, this function does nothing.
 *
 * Must be balanced to calls of snd_usb_endpoint_stop().
 *
 * Returns an error if the URB submission failed, 0 in all other cases.
 */
int snd_usb_endpoint_start(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        bool is_playback = usb_pipeout(ep->pipe);
        int err;
        unsigned int i;

        if (atomic_read(&ep->chip->shutdown))
                return -EBADFD;

        if (ep->sync_source)
                WRITE_ONCE(ep->sync_source->sync_sink, ep);

        usb_audio_dbg(ep->chip, "Starting %s EP 0x%x (running %d)\n",
                      ep_type_name(ep->type), ep->ep_num,
                      atomic_read(&ep->running));

        /* already running? */
        if (atomic_inc_return(&ep->running) != 1)
                return 0;

        if (ep->clock_ref)
                atomic_inc(&ep->clock_ref->locked);

        ep->active_mask = 0;
        ep->unlink_mask = 0;
        ep->phase = 0;
        ep->sample_accum = 0;

        snd_usb_endpoint_start_quirk(ep);

        /*
         * If this endpoint has a data endpoint as implicit feedback source,
         * don't start the urbs here. Instead, mark them all as available,
         * wait for the record urbs to return and queue the playback urbs
         * from that context.
         */

        if (!ep_state_update(ep, EP_STATE_STOPPED, EP_STATE_RUNNING))
                goto __error;

        if (snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink(ep) &&
            !(ep->chip->quirk_flags & QUIRK_FLAG_PLAYBACK_FIRST)) {
                usb_audio_dbg(ep->chip, "No URB submission due to implicit fb sync\n");
                i = 0;
                goto fill_rest;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++) {
                struct urb *urb = ep->urb[i].urb;

                if (snd_BUG_ON(!urb))
                        goto __error;

                if (is_playback)
                        err = prepare_outbound_urb(ep, urb->context, true);
                else
                        err = prepare_inbound_urb(ep, urb->context);
                if (err < 0) {
                        /* stop filling at applptr */
                        if (err == -EAGAIN)
                                break;
                        usb_audio_dbg(ep->chip,
                                      "EP 0x%x: failed to prepare urb: %d\n",
                                      ep->ep_num, err);
                        goto __error;
                }

                if (!atomic_read(&ep->chip->shutdown))
                        err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
                else
                        err = -ENODEV;
                if (err < 0) {
                        if (!atomic_read(&ep->chip->shutdown))
                                usb_audio_err(ep->chip,
                                              "cannot submit urb %d, error %d: %s\n",
                                              i, err, usb_error_string(err));
                        goto __error;
                }
                set_bit(i, &ep->active_mask);
                atomic_inc(&ep->submitted_urbs);
        }

        if (!i) {
                usb_audio_dbg(ep->chip, "XRUN at starting EP 0x%x\n",
                              ep->ep_num);
                goto __error;
        }

        usb_audio_dbg(ep->chip, "%d URBs submitted for EP 0x%x\n",
                      i, ep->ep_num);

 fill_rest:
        /* put the remaining URBs to ready list */
        if (is_playback) {
                for (; i < ep->nurbs; i++)
                        push_back_to_ready_list(ep, ep->urb + i);
        }

        return 0;

__error:
        snd_usb_endpoint_stop(ep, false);
        return -EPIPE;
}

/**
 * snd_usb_endpoint_stop: stop an snd_usb_endpoint
 *
 * @ep: the endpoint to stop (may be NULL)
 * @keep_pending: keep in-flight URBs
 *
 * A call to this function will decrement the running count of the endpoint.
 * In case the last user has requested the endpoint stop, the URBs will
 * actually be deactivated.
 *
 * Must be balanced to calls of snd_usb_endpoint_start().
 *
 * The caller needs to synchronize the pending stop operation via
 * snd_usb_endpoint_sync_pending_stop().
 */
void snd_usb_endpoint_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, bool keep_pending)
{
        if (!ep)
                return;

        usb_audio_dbg(ep->chip, "Stopping %s EP 0x%x (running %d)\n",
                      ep_type_name(ep->type), ep->ep_num,
                      atomic_read(&ep->running));

        if (snd_BUG_ON(!atomic_read(&ep->running)))
                return;

        if (!atomic_dec_return(&ep->running)) {
                if (ep->sync_source)
                        WRITE_ONCE(ep->sync_source->sync_sink, NULL);
                stop_urbs(ep, false, keep_pending);
                if (ep->clock_ref)
                        atomic_dec(&ep->clock_ref->locked);

                if (ep->chip->quirk_flags & QUIRK_FLAG_FORCE_IFACE_RESET &&
                    usb_pipeout(ep->pipe)) {
                        ep->need_prepare = true;
                        if (ep->iface_ref)
                                ep->iface_ref->need_setup = true;
                }
        }
}

/**
 * snd_usb_endpoint_release: Tear down an snd_usb_endpoint
 *
 * @ep: the endpoint to release
 *
 * This function does not care for the endpoint's running count but will tear
 * down all the streaming URBs immediately.
 */
void snd_usb_endpoint_release(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
{
        release_urbs(ep, true);
}

/**
 * snd_usb_endpoint_free_all: Free the resources of an snd_usb_endpoint
 * @chip: The chip
 *
 * This free all endpoints and those resources
 */
void snd_usb_endpoint_free_all(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
{
        struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, *en;
        struct snd_usb_iface_ref *ip, *in;
        struct snd_usb_clock_ref *cp, *cn;

        list_for_each_entry_safe(ep, en, &chip->ep_list, list)
                kfree(ep);

        list_for_each_entry_safe(ip, in, &chip->iface_ref_list, list)
                kfree(ip);

        list_for_each_entry_safe(cp, cn, &chip->clock_ref_list, list)
                kfree(cp);
}

/*
 * snd_usb_handle_sync_urb: parse an USB sync packet
 *
 * @ep: the endpoint to handle the packet
 * @sender: the sending endpoint
 * @urb: the received packet
 *
 * This function is called from the context of an endpoint that received
 * the packet and is used to let another endpoint object handle the payload.
 */
static void snd_usb_handle_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
                                    struct snd_usb_endpoint *sender,
                                    const struct urb *urb)
{
        int shift;
        unsigned int f;
        unsigned long flags;

        snd_BUG_ON(ep == sender);

        /*
         * In case the endpoint is operating in implicit feedback mode, prepare
         * a new outbound URB that has the same layout as the received packet
         * and add it to the list of pending urbs. queue_pending_output_urbs()
         * will take care of them later.
         */
        if (snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink(ep) &&
            atomic_read(&ep->running)) {

                /* implicit feedback case */
                int i, bytes = 0;
                struct snd_urb_ctx *in_ctx;
                struct snd_usb_packet_info *out_packet;

                in_ctx = urb->context;

                /* Count overall packet size */
                for (i = 0; i < in_ctx->packets; i++)
                        if (urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status == 0)
                                bytes += urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length;

                /*
                 * skip empty packets. At least M-Audio's Fast Track Ultra stops
                 * streaming once it received a 0-byte OUT URB
                 */
                if (bytes == 0)
                        return;

                spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
                if (ep->next_packet_queued >= ARRAY_SIZE(ep->next_packet)) {
                        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
                        usb_audio_err(ep->chip,
                                      "next package FIFO overflow EP 0x%x\n",
                                      ep->ep_num);
                        notify_xrun(ep);
                        return;
                }

                out_packet = next_packet_fifo_enqueue(ep);

                /*
                 * Iterate through the inbound packet and prepare the lengths
                 * for the output packet. The OUT packet we are about to send
                 * will have the same amount of payload bytes per stride as the
                 * IN packet we just received. Since the actual size is scaled
                 * by the stride, use the sender stride to calculate the length
                 * in case the number of channels differ between the implicitly
                 * fed-back endpoint and the synchronizing endpoint.
                 */

                out_packet->packets = in_ctx->packets;
                for (i = 0; i < in_ctx->packets; i++) {
                        if (urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status == 0)
                                out_packet->packet_size[i] =
                                        urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length / sender->stride;
                        else
                                out_packet->packet_size[i] = 0;
                }

                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
                snd_usb_queue_pending_output_urbs(ep, false);

                return;
        }

        /*
         * process after playback sync complete
         *
         * Full speed devices report feedback values in 10.14 format as samples
         * per frame, high speed devices in 16.16 format as samples per
         * microframe.
         *
         * Because the Audio Class 1 spec was written before USB 2.0, many high
         * speed devices use a wrong interpretation, some others use an
         * entirely different format.
         *
         * Therefore, we cannot predict what format any particular device uses
         * and must detect it automatically.
         */

        if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].status != 0 ||
            urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length < 3)
                return;

        f = le32_to_cpup(urb->transfer_buffer);
        if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length == 3)
                f &= 0x00ffffff;
        else
                f &= 0x0fffffff;

        if (f == 0)
                return;

        if (unlikely(sender->tenor_fb_quirk)) {
                /*
                 * Devices based on Tenor 8802 chipsets (TEAC UD-H01
                 * and others) sometimes change the feedback value
                 * by +/- 0x1.0000.
                 */
                if (f < ep->freqn - 0x8000)
                        f += 0xf000;
                else if (f > ep->freqn + 0x8000)
                        f -= 0xf000;
        } else if (unlikely(ep->freqshift == INT_MIN)) {
                /*
                 * The first time we see a feedback value, determine its format
                 * by shifting it left or right until it matches the nominal
                 * frequency value.  This assumes that the feedback does not
                 * differ from the nominal value more than +50% or -25%.
                 */
                shift = 0;
                while (f < ep->freqn - ep->freqn / 4) {
                        f <<= 1;
                        shift++;
                }
                while (f > ep->freqn + ep->freqn / 2) {
                        f >>= 1;
                        shift--;
                }
                ep->freqshift = shift;
        } else if (ep->freqshift >= 0)
                f <<= ep->freqshift;
        else
                f >>= -ep->freqshift;

        if (likely(f >= ep->freqn - ep->freqn / 8 && f <= ep->freqmax)) {
                /*
                 * If the frequency looks valid, set it.
                 * This value is referred to in prepare_playback_urb().
                 */
                spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
                ep->freqm = f;
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
        } else {
                /*
                 * Out of range; maybe the shift value is wrong.
                 * Reset it so that we autodetect again the next time.
                 */
                ep->freqshift = INT_MIN;
        }
}