1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
5 //! This file has two components: The raw work item API, and the safe work item API.
7 //! One pattern that is used in both APIs is the `ID` const generic, which exists to allow a single
8 //! type to define multiple `work_struct` fields. This is done by choosing an id for each field,
9 //! and using that id to specify which field you wish to use. (The actual value doesn't matter, as
10 //! long as you use different values for different fields of the same struct.) Since these IDs are
11 //! generic, they are used only at compile-time, so they shouldn't exist in the final binary.
15 //! The raw API consists of the [`RawWorkItem`] trait, where the work item needs to provide an
16 //! arbitrary function that knows how to enqueue the work item. It should usually not be used
17 //! directly, but if you want to, you can use it without using the pieces from the safe API.
21 //! The safe API is used via the [`Work`] struct and [`WorkItem`] traits. Furthermore, it also
22 //! includes a trait called [`WorkItemPointer`], which is usually not used directly by the user.
24 //! * The [`Work`] struct is the Rust wrapper for the C `work_struct` type.
25 //! * The [`WorkItem`] trait is implemented for structs that can be enqueued to a workqueue.
26 //! * The [`WorkItemPointer`] trait is implemented for the pointer type that points at a something
27 //! that implements [`WorkItem`].
31 //! This example defines a struct that holds an integer and can be scheduled on the workqueue. When
32 //! the struct is executed, it will print the integer. Since there is only one `work_struct` field,
33 //! we do not need to specify ids for the fields.
36 //! use kernel::sync::Arc;
37 //! use kernel::workqueue::{self, impl_has_work, new_work, Work, WorkItem};
43 //! work: Work<MyStruct>,
47 //! impl HasWork<Self> for MyStruct { self.work }
51 //! fn new(value: i32) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
52 //! Arc::pin_init(pin_init!(MyStruct {
54 //! work <- new_work!("MyStruct::work"),
59 //! impl WorkItem for MyStruct {
60 //! type Pointer = Arc<MyStruct>;
62 //! fn run(this: Arc<MyStruct>) {
63 //! pr_info!("The value is: {}", this.value);
67 //! /// This method will enqueue the struct for execution on the system workqueue, where its value
68 //! /// will be printed.
69 //! fn print_later(val: Arc<MyStruct>) {
70 //! let _ = workqueue::system().enqueue(val);
74 //! The following example shows how multiple `work_struct` fields can be used:
77 //! use kernel::sync::Arc;
78 //! use kernel::workqueue::{self, impl_has_work, new_work, Work, WorkItem};
85 //! work_1: Work<MyStruct, 1>,
87 //! work_2: Work<MyStruct, 2>,
91 //! impl HasWork<Self, 1> for MyStruct { self.work_1 }
92 //! impl HasWork<Self, 2> for MyStruct { self.work_2 }
96 //! fn new(value_1: i32, value_2: i32) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
97 //! Arc::pin_init(pin_init!(MyStruct {
100 //! work_1 <- new_work!("MyStruct::work_1"),
101 //! work_2 <- new_work!("MyStruct::work_2"),
106 //! impl WorkItem<1> for MyStruct {
107 //! type Pointer = Arc<MyStruct>;
109 //! fn run(this: Arc<MyStruct>) {
110 //! pr_info!("The value is: {}", this.value_1);
114 //! impl WorkItem<2> for MyStruct {
115 //! type Pointer = Arc<MyStruct>;
117 //! fn run(this: Arc<MyStruct>) {
118 //! pr_info!("The second value is: {}", this.value_2);
122 //! fn print_1_later(val: Arc<MyStruct>) {
123 //! let _ = workqueue::system().enqueue::<Arc<MyStruct>, 1>(val);
126 //! fn print_2_later(val: Arc<MyStruct>) {
127 //! let _ = workqueue::system().enqueue::<Arc<MyStruct>, 2>(val);
131 //! C header: [`include/linux/workqueue.h`](srctree/include/linux/workqueue.h)
133 use crate::alloc::{AllocError, Flags};
134 use crate::{prelude::*, sync::Arc, sync::LockClassKey, types::Opaque};
135 use core::marker::PhantomData;
137 /// Creates a [`Work`] initialiser with the given name and a newly-created lock class.
139 macro_rules! new_work {
140 ($($name:literal)?) => {
141 $crate::workqueue::Work::new($crate::optional_name!($($name)?), $crate::static_lock_class!())
146 /// A kernel work queue.
148 /// Wraps the kernel's C `struct workqueue_struct`.
150 /// It allows work items to be queued to run on thread pools managed by the kernel. Several are
151 /// always available, for example, `system`, `system_highpri`, `system_long`, etc.
153 pub struct Queue(Opaque<bindings::workqueue_struct>);
155 // SAFETY: Accesses to workqueues used by [`Queue`] are thread-safe.
156 unsafe impl Send for Queue {}
157 // SAFETY: Accesses to workqueues used by [`Queue`] are thread-safe.
158 unsafe impl Sync for Queue {}
161 /// Use the provided `struct workqueue_struct` with Rust.
165 /// The caller must ensure that the provided raw pointer is not dangling, that it points at a
166 /// valid workqueue, and that it remains valid until the end of `'a`.
167 pub unsafe fn from_raw<'a>(ptr: *const bindings::workqueue_struct) -> &'a Queue {
168 // SAFETY: The `Queue` type is `#[repr(transparent)]`, so the pointer cast is valid. The
169 // caller promises that the pointer is not dangling.
170 unsafe { &*(ptr as *const Queue) }
173 /// Enqueues a work item.
175 /// This may fail if the work item is already enqueued in a workqueue.
177 /// The work item will be submitted using `WORK_CPU_UNBOUND`.
178 pub fn enqueue<W, const ID: u64>(&self, w: W) -> W::EnqueueOutput
180 W: RawWorkItem<ID> + Send + 'static,
182 let queue_ptr = self.0.get();
184 // SAFETY: We only return `false` if the `work_struct` is already in a workqueue. The other
185 // `__enqueue` requirements are not relevant since `W` is `Send` and static.
187 // The call to `bindings::queue_work_on` will dereference the provided raw pointer, which
188 // is ok because `__enqueue` guarantees that the pointer is valid for the duration of this
191 // Furthermore, if the C workqueue code accesses the pointer after this call to
192 // `__enqueue`, then the work item was successfully enqueued, and `bindings::queue_work_on`
193 // will have returned true. In this case, `__enqueue` promises that the raw pointer will
194 // stay valid until we call the function pointer in the `work_struct`, so the access is ok.
196 w.__enqueue(move |work_ptr| {
197 bindings::queue_work_on(
198 bindings::wq_misc_consts_WORK_CPU_UNBOUND as _,
206 /// Tries to spawn the given function or closure as a work item.
208 /// This method can fail because it allocates memory to store the work item.
209 pub fn try_spawn<T: 'static + Send + FnOnce()>(
213 ) -> Result<(), AllocError> {
214 let init = pin_init!(ClosureWork {
215 work <- new_work!("Queue::try_spawn"),
219 self.enqueue(Box::pin_init(init, flags).map_err(|_| AllocError)?);
224 /// A helper type used in [`try_spawn`].
226 /// [`try_spawn`]: Queue::try_spawn
228 struct ClosureWork<T> {
230 work: Work<ClosureWork<T>>,
234 impl<T> ClosureWork<T> {
235 fn project(self: Pin<&mut Self>) -> &mut Option<T> {
236 // SAFETY: The `func` field is not structurally pinned.
237 unsafe { &mut self.get_unchecked_mut().func }
241 impl<T: FnOnce()> WorkItem for ClosureWork<T> {
242 type Pointer = Pin<Box<Self>>;
244 fn run(mut this: Pin<Box<Self>>) {
245 if let Some(func) = this.as_mut().project().take() {
253 /// This is the low-level trait that is designed for being as general as possible.
255 /// The `ID` parameter to this trait exists so that a single type can provide multiple
256 /// implementations of this trait. For example, if a struct has multiple `work_struct` fields, then
257 /// you will implement this trait once for each field, using a different id for each field. The
258 /// actual value of the id is not important as long as you use different ids for different fields
259 /// of the same struct. (Fields of different structs need not use different ids.)
261 /// Note that the id is used only to select the right method to call during compilation. It won't be
262 /// part of the final executable.
266 /// Implementers must ensure that any pointers passed to a `queue_work_on` closure by [`__enqueue`]
267 /// remain valid for the duration specified in the guarantees section of the documentation for
270 /// [`__enqueue`]: RawWorkItem::__enqueue
271 pub unsafe trait RawWorkItem<const ID: u64> {
272 /// The return type of [`Queue::enqueue`].
275 /// Enqueues this work item on a queue using the provided `queue_work_on` method.
279 /// If this method calls the provided closure, then the raw pointer is guaranteed to point at a
280 /// valid `work_struct` for the duration of the call to the closure. If the closure returns
281 /// true, then it is further guaranteed that the pointer remains valid until someone calls the
282 /// function pointer stored in the `work_struct`.
286 /// The provided closure may only return `false` if the `work_struct` is already in a workqueue.
288 /// If the work item type is annotated with any lifetimes, then you must not call the function
289 /// pointer after any such lifetime expires. (Never calling the function pointer is okay.)
291 /// If the work item type is not [`Send`], then the function pointer must be called on the same
292 /// thread as the call to `__enqueue`.
293 unsafe fn __enqueue<F>(self, queue_work_on: F) -> Self::EnqueueOutput
295 F: FnOnce(*mut bindings::work_struct) -> bool;
298 /// Defines the method that should be called directly when a work item is executed.
300 /// This trait is implemented by `Pin<Box<T>>` and [`Arc<T>`], and is mainly intended to be
301 /// implemented for smart pointer types. For your own structs, you would implement [`WorkItem`]
302 /// instead. The [`run`] method on this trait will usually just perform the appropriate
303 /// `container_of` translation and then call into the [`run`][WorkItem::run] method from the
304 /// [`WorkItem`] trait.
306 /// This trait is used when the `work_struct` field is defined using the [`Work`] helper.
310 /// Implementers must ensure that [`__enqueue`] uses a `work_struct` initialized with the [`run`]
311 /// method of this trait as the function pointer.
313 /// [`__enqueue`]: RawWorkItem::__enqueue
314 /// [`run`]: WorkItemPointer::run
315 pub unsafe trait WorkItemPointer<const ID: u64>: RawWorkItem<ID> {
316 /// Run this work item.
320 /// The provided `work_struct` pointer must originate from a previous call to [`__enqueue`]
321 /// where the `queue_work_on` closure returned true, and the pointer must still be valid.
323 /// [`__enqueue`]: RawWorkItem::__enqueue
324 unsafe extern "C" fn run(ptr: *mut bindings::work_struct);
327 /// Defines the method that should be called when this work item is executed.
329 /// This trait is used when the `work_struct` field is defined using the [`Work`] helper.
330 pub trait WorkItem<const ID: u64 = 0> {
331 /// The pointer type that this struct is wrapped in. This will typically be `Arc<Self>` or
332 /// `Pin<Box<Self>>`.
333 type Pointer: WorkItemPointer<ID>;
335 /// The method that should be called when this work item is executed.
336 fn run(this: Self::Pointer);
339 /// Links for a work item.
341 /// This struct contains a function pointer to the [`run`] function from the [`WorkItemPointer`]
342 /// trait, and defines the linked list pointers necessary to enqueue a work item in a workqueue.
344 /// Wraps the kernel's C `struct work_struct`.
346 /// This is a helper type used to associate a `work_struct` with the [`WorkItem`] that uses it.
348 /// [`run`]: WorkItemPointer::run
351 pub struct Work<T: ?Sized, const ID: u64 = 0> {
353 work: Opaque<bindings::work_struct>,
354 _inner: PhantomData<T>,
357 // SAFETY: Kernel work items are usable from any thread.
359 // We do not need to constrain `T` since the work item does not actually contain a `T`.
360 unsafe impl<T: ?Sized, const ID: u64> Send for Work<T, ID> {}
361 // SAFETY: Kernel work items are usable from any thread.
363 // We do not need to constrain `T` since the work item does not actually contain a `T`.
364 unsafe impl<T: ?Sized, const ID: u64> Sync for Work<T, ID> {}
366 impl<T: ?Sized, const ID: u64> Work<T, ID> {
367 /// Creates a new instance of [`Work`].
369 #[allow(clippy::new_ret_no_self)]
370 pub fn new(name: &'static CStr, key: &'static LockClassKey) -> impl PinInit<Self>
375 work <- Opaque::ffi_init(|slot| {
376 // SAFETY: The `WorkItemPointer` implementation promises that `run` can be used as
377 // the work item function.
379 bindings::init_work_with_key(
381 Some(T::Pointer::run),
392 /// Get a pointer to the inner `work_struct`.
396 /// The provided pointer must not be dangling and must be properly aligned. (But the memory
397 /// need not be initialized.)
399 pub unsafe fn raw_get(ptr: *const Self) -> *mut bindings::work_struct {
400 // SAFETY: The caller promises that the pointer is aligned and not dangling.
402 // A pointer cast would also be ok due to `#[repr(transparent)]`. We use `addr_of!` so that
403 // the compiler does not complain that the `work` field is unused.
404 unsafe { Opaque::raw_get(core::ptr::addr_of!((*ptr).work)) }
408 /// Declares that a type has a [`Work<T, ID>`] field.
410 /// The intended way of using this trait is via the [`impl_has_work!`] macro. You can use the macro
414 /// use kernel::workqueue::{impl_has_work, Work};
416 /// struct MyWorkItem {
417 /// work_field: Work<MyWorkItem, 1>,
421 /// impl HasWork<MyWorkItem, 1> for MyWorkItem { self.work_field }
425 /// Note that since the [`Work`] type is annotated with an id, you can have several `work_struct`
426 /// fields by using a different id for each one.
430 /// The [`OFFSET`] constant must be the offset of a field in `Self` of type [`Work<T, ID>`]. The
431 /// methods on this trait must have exactly the behavior that the definitions given below have.
433 /// [`impl_has_work!`]: crate::impl_has_work
434 /// [`OFFSET`]: HasWork::OFFSET
435 pub unsafe trait HasWork<T, const ID: u64 = 0> {
436 /// The offset of the [`Work<T, ID>`] field.
439 /// Returns the offset of the [`Work<T, ID>`] field.
441 /// This method exists because the [`OFFSET`] constant cannot be accessed if the type is not
444 /// [`OFFSET`]: HasWork::OFFSET
446 fn get_work_offset(&self) -> usize {
450 /// Returns a pointer to the [`Work<T, ID>`] field.
454 /// The provided pointer must point at a valid struct of type `Self`.
456 unsafe fn raw_get_work(ptr: *mut Self) -> *mut Work<T, ID> {
457 // SAFETY: The caller promises that the pointer is valid.
458 unsafe { (ptr as *mut u8).add(Self::OFFSET) as *mut Work<T, ID> }
461 /// Returns a pointer to the struct containing the [`Work<T, ID>`] field.
465 /// The pointer must point at a [`Work<T, ID>`] field in a struct of type `Self`.
467 unsafe fn work_container_of(ptr: *mut Work<T, ID>) -> *mut Self
471 // SAFETY: The caller promises that the pointer points at a field of the right type in the
472 // right kind of struct.
473 unsafe { (ptr as *mut u8).sub(Self::OFFSET) as *mut Self }
477 /// Used to safely implement the [`HasWork<T, ID>`] trait.
482 /// use kernel::sync::Arc;
483 /// use kernel::workqueue::{self, impl_has_work, Work};
485 /// struct MyStruct<'a, T, const N: usize> {
486 /// work_field: Work<MyStruct<'a, T, N>, 17>,
487 /// f: fn(&'a [T; N]),
491 /// impl{'a, T, const N: usize} HasWork<MyStruct<'a, T, N>, 17>
492 /// for MyStruct<'a, T, N> { self.work_field }
496 macro_rules! impl_has_work {
497 ($(impl$({$($generics:tt)*})?
498 HasWork<$work_type:ty $(, $id:tt)?>
500 { self.$field:ident }
502 // SAFETY: The implementation of `raw_get_work` only compiles if the field has the right
504 unsafe impl$(<$($generics)+>)? $crate::workqueue::HasWork<$work_type $(, $id)?> for $self {
505 const OFFSET: usize = ::core::mem::offset_of!(Self, $field) as usize;
508 unsafe fn raw_get_work(ptr: *mut Self) -> *mut $crate::workqueue::Work<$work_type $(, $id)?> {
509 // SAFETY: The caller promises that the pointer is not dangling.
511 ::core::ptr::addr_of_mut!((*ptr).$field)
517 pub use impl_has_work;
520 impl{T} HasWork<Self> for ClosureWork<T> { self.work }
523 unsafe impl<T, const ID: u64> WorkItemPointer<ID> for Arc<T>
525 T: WorkItem<ID, Pointer = Self>,
528 unsafe extern "C" fn run(ptr: *mut bindings::work_struct) {
529 // SAFETY: The `__enqueue` method always uses a `work_struct` stored in a `Work<T, ID>`.
530 let ptr = ptr as *mut Work<T, ID>;
531 // SAFETY: This computes the pointer that `__enqueue` got from `Arc::into_raw`.
532 let ptr = unsafe { T::work_container_of(ptr) };
533 // SAFETY: This pointer comes from `Arc::into_raw` and we've been given back ownership.
534 let arc = unsafe { Arc::from_raw(ptr) };
540 unsafe impl<T, const ID: u64> RawWorkItem<ID> for Arc<T>
542 T: WorkItem<ID, Pointer = Self>,
545 type EnqueueOutput = Result<(), Self>;
547 unsafe fn __enqueue<F>(self, queue_work_on: F) -> Self::EnqueueOutput
549 F: FnOnce(*mut bindings::work_struct) -> bool,
551 // Casting between const and mut is not a problem as long as the pointer is a raw pointer.
552 let ptr = Arc::into_raw(self).cast_mut();
554 // SAFETY: Pointers into an `Arc` point at a valid value.
555 let work_ptr = unsafe { T::raw_get_work(ptr) };
556 // SAFETY: `raw_get_work` returns a pointer to a valid value.
557 let work_ptr = unsafe { Work::raw_get(work_ptr) };
559 if queue_work_on(work_ptr) {
562 // SAFETY: The work queue has not taken ownership of the pointer.
563 Err(unsafe { Arc::from_raw(ptr) })
568 unsafe impl<T, const ID: u64> WorkItemPointer<ID> for Pin<Box<T>>
570 T: WorkItem<ID, Pointer = Self>,
573 unsafe extern "C" fn run(ptr: *mut bindings::work_struct) {
574 // SAFETY: The `__enqueue` method always uses a `work_struct` stored in a `Work<T, ID>`.
575 let ptr = ptr as *mut Work<T, ID>;
576 // SAFETY: This computes the pointer that `__enqueue` got from `Arc::into_raw`.
577 let ptr = unsafe { T::work_container_of(ptr) };
578 // SAFETY: This pointer comes from `Arc::into_raw` and we've been given back ownership.
579 let boxed = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };
580 // SAFETY: The box was already pinned when it was enqueued.
581 let pinned = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(boxed) };
587 unsafe impl<T, const ID: u64> RawWorkItem<ID> for Pin<Box<T>>
589 T: WorkItem<ID, Pointer = Self>,
592 type EnqueueOutput = ();
594 unsafe fn __enqueue<F>(self, queue_work_on: F) -> Self::EnqueueOutput
596 F: FnOnce(*mut bindings::work_struct) -> bool,
598 // SAFETY: We're not going to move `self` or any of its fields, so its okay to temporarily
599 // remove the `Pin` wrapper.
600 let boxed = unsafe { Pin::into_inner_unchecked(self) };
601 let ptr = Box::into_raw(boxed);
603 // SAFETY: Pointers into a `Box` point at a valid value.
604 let work_ptr = unsafe { T::raw_get_work(ptr) };
605 // SAFETY: `raw_get_work` returns a pointer to a valid value.
606 let work_ptr = unsafe { Work::raw_get(work_ptr) };
608 if !queue_work_on(work_ptr) {
609 // SAFETY: This method requires exclusive ownership of the box, so it cannot be in a
611 unsafe { ::core::hint::unreachable_unchecked() }
616 /// Returns the system work queue (`system_wq`).
618 /// It is the one used by `schedule[_delayed]_work[_on]()`. Multi-CPU multi-threaded. There are
619 /// users which expect relatively short queue flush time.
621 /// Callers shouldn't queue work items which can run for too long.
622 pub fn system() -> &'static Queue {
623 // SAFETY: `system_wq` is a C global, always available.
624 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_wq) }
627 /// Returns the system high-priority work queue (`system_highpri_wq`).
629 /// It is similar to the one returned by [`system`] but for work items which require higher
630 /// scheduling priority.
631 pub fn system_highpri() -> &'static Queue {
632 // SAFETY: `system_highpri_wq` is a C global, always available.
633 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_highpri_wq) }
636 /// Returns the system work queue for potentially long-running work items (`system_long_wq`).
638 /// It is similar to the one returned by [`system`] but may host long running work items. Queue
639 /// flushing might take relatively long.
640 pub fn system_long() -> &'static Queue {
641 // SAFETY: `system_long_wq` is a C global, always available.
642 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_long_wq) }
645 /// Returns the system unbound work queue (`system_unbound_wq`).
647 /// Workers are not bound to any specific CPU, not concurrency managed, and all queued work items
648 /// are executed immediately as long as `max_active` limit is not reached and resources are
650 pub fn system_unbound() -> &'static Queue {
651 // SAFETY: `system_unbound_wq` is a C global, always available.
652 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_unbound_wq) }
655 /// Returns the system freezable work queue (`system_freezable_wq`).
657 /// It is equivalent to the one returned by [`system`] except that it's freezable.
659 /// A freezable workqueue participates in the freeze phase of the system suspend operations. Work
660 /// items on the workqueue are drained and no new work item starts execution until thawed.
661 pub fn system_freezable() -> &'static Queue {
662 // SAFETY: `system_freezable_wq` is a C global, always available.
663 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_freezable_wq) }
666 /// Returns the system power-efficient work queue (`system_power_efficient_wq`).
668 /// It is inclined towards saving power and is converted to "unbound" variants if the
669 /// `workqueue.power_efficient` kernel parameter is specified; otherwise, it is similar to the one
670 /// returned by [`system`].
671 pub fn system_power_efficient() -> &'static Queue {
672 // SAFETY: `system_power_efficient_wq` is a C global, always available.
673 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_power_efficient_wq) }
676 /// Returns the system freezable power-efficient work queue (`system_freezable_power_efficient_wq`).
678 /// It is similar to the one returned by [`system_power_efficient`] except that is freezable.
680 /// A freezable workqueue participates in the freeze phase of the system suspend operations. Work
681 /// items on the workqueue are drained and no new work item starts execution until thawed.
682 pub fn system_freezable_power_efficient() -> &'static Queue {
683 // SAFETY: `system_freezable_power_efficient_wq` is a C global, always available.
684 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_freezable_power_efficient_wq) }