5 enc - symmetric cipher routines
9 B<openssl enc -ciphername>
29 The symmetric cipher commands allow data to be encrypted or decrypted
30 using various block and stream ciphers using keys based on passwords
31 or explicitly provided. Base64 encoding or decoding can also be performed
32 either by itself or in addition to the encryption or decryption.
40 the input filename, standard input by default.
42 =item B<-out filename>
44 the output filename, standard output by default.
48 the password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
49 see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)|openssl(1)>.
53 use a salt in the key derivation routines. This option should B<ALWAYS>
54 be used unless compatibility with previous versions of OpenSSL or SSLeay
55 is required. This option is only present on OpenSSL versions 0.9.5 or
60 don't use a salt in the key derivation routines. This is the default for
61 compatibility with previous versions of OpenSSL and SSLeay.
65 encrypt the input data: this is the default.
69 decrypt the input data.
73 base64 process the data. This means that if encryption is taking place
74 the data is base64 encoded after encryption. If decryption is set then
75 the input data is base64 decoded before being decrypted.
79 if the B<-a> option is set then base64 process the data on one line.
83 the password to derive the key from. This is for compatibility with previous
84 versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by the B<-pass> argument.
86 =item B<-kfile filename>
88 read the password to derive the key from the first line of B<filename>.
89 This is for compatibility with previous versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by
90 the B<-pass> argument.
94 the actual salt to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
99 the actual key to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
100 of hex digits. If only the key is specified, the IV must additionally specified
101 using the B<-iv> option. When both a key and a password are specified, the
102 key given with the B<-K> option will be used and the IV generated from the
103 password will be taken. It probably does not make much sense to specify
104 both key and password.
108 the actual IV to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
109 of hex digits. When only the key is specified using the B<-K> option, the
110 IV must explicitly be defined. When a password is being specified using
111 one of the other options, the IV is generated from this password.
115 print out the key and IV used.
119 print out the key and IV used then immediately exit: don't do any encryption
122 =item B<-bufsize number>
124 set the buffer size for I/O
128 disable standard block padding
132 debug the BIOs used for I/O.
138 The program can be called either as B<openssl ciphername> or
139 B<openssl enc -ciphername>.
141 A password will be prompted for to derive the key and IV if necessary.
143 The B<-salt> option should B<ALWAYS> be used if the key is being derived
144 from a password unless you want compatibility with previous versions of
147 Without the B<-salt> option it is possible to perform efficient dictionary
148 attacks on the password and to attack stream cipher encrypted data. The reason
149 for this is that without the salt the same password always generates the same
150 encryption key. When the salt is being used the first eight bytes of the
151 encrypted data are reserved for the salt: it is generated at random when
152 encrypting a file and read from the encrypted file when it is decrypted.
154 Some of the ciphers do not have large keys and others have security
155 implications if not used correctly. A beginner is advised to just use
156 a strong block cipher in CBC mode such as bf or des3.
158 All the block ciphers normally use PKCS#5 padding also known as standard block
159 padding: this allows a rudimentary integrity or password check to be
160 performed. However since the chance of random data passing the test is
161 better than 1 in 256 it isn't a very good test.
163 If padding is disabled then the input data must be a multiple of the cipher
166 All RC2 ciphers have the same key and effective key length.
168 Blowfish and RC5 algorithms use a 128 bit key.
170 =head1 SUPPORTED CIPHERS
174 bf-cbc Blowfish in CBC mode
176 bf-cfb Blowfish in CFB mode
177 bf-ecb Blowfish in ECB mode
178 bf-ofb Blowfish in OFB mode
180 cast-cbc CAST in CBC mode
181 cast Alias for cast-cbc
182 cast5-cbc CAST5 in CBC mode
183 cast5-cfb CAST5 in CFB mode
184 cast5-ecb CAST5 in ECB mode
185 cast5-ofb CAST5 in OFB mode
187 des-cbc DES in CBC mode
188 des Alias for des-cbc
189 des-cfb DES in CBC mode
190 des-ofb DES in OFB mode
191 des-ecb DES in ECB mode
193 des-ede-cbc Two key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
194 des-ede Two key triple DES EDE in ECB mode
195 des-ede-cfb Two key triple DES EDE in CFB mode
196 des-ede-ofb Two key triple DES EDE in OFB mode
198 des-ede3-cbc Three key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
199 des-ede3 Three key triple DES EDE in ECB mode
200 des3 Alias for des-ede3-cbc
201 des-ede3-cfb Three key triple DES EDE CFB mode
202 des-ede3-ofb Three key triple DES EDE in OFB mode
206 idea-cbc IDEA algorithm in CBC mode
207 idea same as idea-cbc
208 idea-cfb IDEA in CFB mode
209 idea-ecb IDEA in ECB mode
210 idea-ofb IDEA in OFB mode
212 rc2-cbc 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
213 rc2 Alias for rc2-cbc
214 rc2-cfb 128 bit RC2 in CFB mode
215 rc2-ecb 128 bit RC2 in ECB mode
216 rc2-ofb 128 bit RC2 in OFB mode
217 rc2-64-cbc 64 bit RC2 in CBC mode
218 rc2-40-cbc 40 bit RC2 in CBC mode
224 rc5-cbc RC5 cipher in CBC mode
225 rc5 Alias for rc5-cbc
226 rc5-cfb RC5 cipher in CFB mode
227 rc5-ecb RC5 cipher in ECB mode
228 rc5-ofb RC5 cipher in OFB mode
232 Just base64 encode a binary file:
234 openssl base64 -in file.bin -out file.b64
238 openssl base64 -d -in file.b64 -out file.bin
240 Encrypt a file using triple DES in CBC mode using a prompted password:
242 openssl des3 -salt -in file.txt -out file.des3
244 Decrypt a file using a supplied password:
246 openssl des3 -d -salt -in file.des3 -out file.txt -k mypassword
248 Encrypt a file then base64 encode it (so it can be sent via mail for example)
249 using Blowfish in CBC mode:
251 openssl bf -a -salt -in file.txt -out file.bf
253 Base64 decode a file then decrypt it:
255 openssl bf -d -salt -a -in file.bf -out file.txt
257 Decrypt some data using a supplied 40 bit RC4 key:
259 openssl rc4-40 -in file.rc4 -out file.txt -K 0102030405
263 The B<-A> option when used with large files doesn't work properly.
265 There should be an option to allow an iteration count to be included.
267 The B<enc> program only supports a fixed number of algorithms with
268 certain parameters. So if, for example, you want to use RC2 with a
269 76 bit key or RC4 with an 84 bit key you can't use this program.