5 SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback, SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh, SSL_set_tmp_dh_callback, SSL_set_tmp_dh - handle DH keys for ephemeral key exchange
9 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
11 void SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback(SSL_CTX *ctx,
12 DH *(*tmp_dh_callback)(SSL *ssl, int is_export, int keylength));
13 long SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh(SSL_CTX *ctx, DH *dh);
15 void SSL_set_tmp_dh_callback(SSL_CTX *ctx,
16 DH *(*tmp_dh_callback)(SSL *ssl, int is_export, int keylength));
17 long SSL_set_tmp_dh(SSL *ssl, DH *dh)
19 DH *(*tmp_dh_callback)(SSL *ssl, int is_export, int keylength));
23 SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback() sets the callback function for B<ctx> to be
24 used when a DH parameters are required to B<tmp_dh_callback>.
25 The callback is inherited by all B<ssl> objects created from B<ctx>.
27 SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh() sets DH parameters to be used to be B<dh>.
28 The key is inherited by all B<ssl> objects created from B<ctx>.
30 SSL_set_tmp_dh_callback() sets the callback only for B<ssl>.
32 SSL_set_tmp_dh() sets the parameters only for B<ssl>.
34 These functions apply to SSL/TLS servers only.
38 When using a cipher with RSA authentication, an ephemeral DH key exchange
39 can take place. Ciphers with DSA keys always use ephemeral DH keys as well.
40 In these cases, the session data are negotiated using the
41 ephemeral/temporary DH key and the key supplied and certified
42 by the certificate chain is only used for signing.
43 Anonymous ciphers (without a permanent server key) also use ephemeral DH keys.
45 Using ephemeral DH key exchange yields forward secrecy, as the connection
46 can only be decrypted, when the DH key is known. By generating a temporary
47 DH key inside the server application that is lost when the application
48 is left, it becomes impossible for an attacker to decrypt past sessions,
49 even if he gets hold of the normal (certified) key, as this key was
50 only used for signing.
52 In order to perform a DH key exchange the server must use a DH group
53 (DH parameters) and generate a DH key. The server will always generate a new
54 DH key during the negotiation, when the DH parameters are supplied via
55 callback and/or when the SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE option of
56 L<SSL_CTX_set_options(3)|SSL_CTX_set_options(3)> is set. It will
57 immediately create a DH key, when DH parameters are supplied via
58 SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh() and SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE is not set. In this case,
59 it may happen that a key is generated on initialization without later
60 being needed, while on the other hand the computer time during the
61 negotiation is being saved.
63 If "strong" primes were used to generate the DH parameters, it is not strictly
64 necessary to generate a new key for each handshake but it does improve forward
65 secrecy. If it is not assured, that "strong" primes were used (see especially
66 the section about DSA parameters below), SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE must be used
67 in order to prevent small subgroup attacks. Always using SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE
68 has an impact on the computer time needed during negotiation, but it is not
69 very large, so application authors/users should consider to always enable
72 As generating DH parameters is extremely time consuming, an application
73 should not generate the parameters on the fly but supply the parameters.
74 DH parameters can be reused, as the actual key is newly generated during
75 the negotiation. The risk in reusing DH parameters is that an attacker
76 may specialize on a very often used DH group. Applications should therefore
77 generate their own DH parameters during the installation process using the
78 openssl L<dhparam(1)|dhparam(1)> application. In order to reduce the computer
79 time needed for this generation, it is possible to use DSA parameters
80 instead (see L<dhparam(1)|dhparam(1)>), but in this case SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE
83 Application authors may compile in DH parameters. Files dh512.pem,
84 dh1024.pem, dh2048.pem, and dh4096 in the 'apps' directory of current
85 version of the OpenSSL distribution contain the 'SKIP' DH parameters,
86 which use safe primes and were generated verifiably pseudo-randomly.
87 These files can be converted into C code using the B<-C> option of the
88 L<dhparam(1)|dhparam(1)> application.
89 Authors may also generate their own set of parameters using
90 L<dhparam(1)|dhparam(1)>, but a user may not be sure how the parameters were
91 generated. The generation of DH parameters during installation is therefore
94 An application may either directly specify the DH parameters or
95 can supply the DH parameters via a callback function. The callback approach
96 has the advantage, that the callback may supply DH parameters for different
99 The B<tmp_dh_callback> is called with the B<keylength> needed and
100 the B<is_export> information. The B<is_export> flag is set, when the
101 ephemeral DH key exchange is performed with an export cipher.
105 Handle DH parameters for key lengths of 512 and 1024 bits. (Error handling
109 /* Set up ephemeral DH stuff */
115 /* "openssl dhparam -out dh_param_512.pem -2 512" */
116 paramfile = fopen("dh_param_512.pem", "r");
118 dh_512 = PEM_read_DHparams(paramfile, NULL, NULL, NULL);
121 /* "openssl dhparam -out dh_param_1024.pem -2 1024" */
122 paramfile = fopen("dh_param_1024.pem", "r");
124 dh_1024 = PEM_read_DHparams(paramfile, NULL, NULL, NULL);
129 /* "openssl dhparam -C -2 512" etc... */
130 DH *get_dh512() { ... }
131 DH *get_dh1024() { ... }
133 DH *tmp_dh_callback(SSL *s, int is_export, int keylength)
140 dh_512 = get_dh512();
145 dh_1024 = get_dh1024();
149 /* Generating a key on the fly is very costly, so use what is there */
150 setup_dh_parameters_like_above();
157 SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback() and SSL_set_tmp_dh_callback() do not return
160 SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh() and SSL_set_tmp_dh() do return 1 on success and 0
161 on failure. Check the error queue to find out the reason of failure.
165 L<ssl(3)|ssl(3)>, L<SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(3)|SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(3)>,
166 L<SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback(3)|SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback(3)>,
167 L<SSL_CTX_set_options(3)|SSL_CTX_set_options(3)>,
168 L<ciphers(1)|ciphers(1)>, L<dhparam(1)|dhparam(1)>