1 # @(#)bsd.README 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
4 This is the README file for the "include" files for the FreeBSD
5 source tree. The files are installed in /usr/share/mk, and are by
6 convention, named with the suffix ".mk". These files store several
7 build options and should be handled with caution.
9 Note, this file is not intended to replace reading through the .mk
10 files for anything tricky.
12 There are two main types of make include files. One type is the generally
13 usable make include files, such as bsd.prog.mk and bsd.lib.mk. The other is
14 the internal make include files, such as bsd.files.mk and bsd.man.mk, which
15 can not/should not be used directly but are used by the other make include
16 files. In most cases it is only interesting to include bsd.prog.mk or
19 bsd.cpu.mk - sets CPU/arch-related variables
20 bsd.dep.mk - handle Makefile dependencies
21 bsd.doc.mk - building troff system documents
22 bsd.files.mk - install of general purpose files
23 bsd.incs.mk - install of include files
24 bsd.info.mk - building GNU Info hypertext system
25 bsd.init.mk - initialization for the make include files
26 bsd.kmod.mk - building loadable kernel modules
27 bsd.lib.mk - support for building libraries
28 bsd.libnames.mk - define library names
29 bsd.links.mk - install of links (sym/hard)
30 bsd.man.mk - install of manual pages and their links
31 bsd.nls.mk - build and install of NLS catalogs
32 bsd.obj.mk - creating 'obj' directories and cleaning up
33 bsd.own.mk - define common variables
34 bsd.port.mk - building ports
35 bsd.port.post.mk - building ports
36 bsd.port.pre.mk - building ports
37 bsd.port.subdir.mk - targets for building subdirectories for ports
38 bsd.prog.mk - building programs from source files
39 bsd.snmpmod.mk - building modules for the SNMP daemon bsnmpd
40 bsd.subdir.mk - targets for building subdirectories
41 bsd.sys.mk - common settings used for building FreeBSD sources
42 sys.mk - default rules for all makes
44 This file does not document bsd.port*.mk. They are documented in ports(7).
46 See also make(1), mkdep(1), style.Makefile(5) and `PMake - A
47 Tutorial', located in /usr/share/doc/psd/12.make.
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51 Random things worth knowing about this document:
53 If appropriate when documenting the variables the default value is
54 indicated using square brackets e.g. [gzip].
55 In some cases the default value depend on other values (e.g. system
56 architecture). In these cases the most common value is indicated.
58 This document contains some simple examples of the usage of the BSD make
59 include files. For more examples look at the makefiles in the FreeBSD
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64 RANDOM THINGS WORTH KNOWING:
66 The files are like C-style #include files, and pretty much behave like
67 you'd expect. The syntax is slightly different in that a single '.' is
68 used instead of the hash mark, i.e. ".include <bsd.prog.mk>".
70 One difference that will save you lots of debugging time is that inclusion
71 of the file is normally done at the *end* of the Makefile. The reason for
72 this is because .mk files often modify variables and behavior based on the
73 values of variables set in the Makefile. To make this work, remember that
74 the FIRST target found is the target that is used, i.e. if the Makefile has:
81 the command "make a" will echo "a". To make things confusing, the SECOND
82 variable assignment is the overriding one, i.e. if the Makefile has:
90 the command "make b" will echo "bar". This is for compatibility with the
91 way the V7 make behaved.
93 It's fairly difficult to make the BSD .mk files work when you're building
94 multiple programs in a single directory. It's a lot easier split up the
95 programs than to deal with the problem. Most of the agony comes from making
96 the "obj" directory stuff work right, not because we switch to a new version
97 of make. So, don't get mad at us, figure out a better way to handle multiple
98 architectures so we can quit using the symbolic link stuff. (Imake doesn't
101 The file .depend in the source directory is expected to contain dependencies
102 for the source files. This file is read automatically by make after reading
105 The variable DESTDIR works as before. It's not set anywhere but will change
106 the tree where the file gets installed.
108 The profiled libraries are no longer built in a different directory than
109 the regular libraries. A new suffix, ".po", is used to denote a profiled
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114 The include file <sys.mk> has the default rules for all makes, in the BSD
115 environment or otherwise. You probably don't want to touch this file.
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119 The include file <bsd.man.mk> handles installing manual pages and their
122 It has three targets:
127 install the manual pages and their links.
129 verify the validity of manual pages.
131 It sets/uses the following variables:
133 MANDIR Base path for manual installation.
141 MANSUBDIR Subdirectory under the manual page section, i.e. "/vax"
142 or "/tahoe" for machine specific manual pages.
144 MAN The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).
146 MLINKS List of manual page links (using a .1 - .9 suffix). The
147 linked-to file must come first, the linked file second,
148 and there may be multiple pairs. The files are soft-linked.
150 The include file <bsd.man.mk> includes a file named "../Makefile.inc" if
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155 The include file <bsd.own.mk> contains the owners, groups, etc. for both
156 manual pages and binaries.
160 It sets/uses the following variables:
168 MANDIR Base path for manual installation.
176 This file is generally useful when building your own Makefiles so that
177 they use the same default owners etc. as the rest of the tree.
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181 The include file <bsd.prog.mk> handles building programs from one or
182 more source files, along with their manual pages. It has a limited number
183 of suffixes, consistent with the current needs of the BSD tree.
185 It has seven targets:
188 build the program and its manual page
190 remove the program and any object files.
192 remove all of the files removed by the target clean, as
193 well as .depend, tags, and any manual pages.
195 make the dependencies for the source files, and store
196 them in the file .depend.
198 install the program and its manual pages; if the Makefile
199 does not itself define the target install, the targets
200 beforeinstall and afterinstall may also be used to cause
201 actions immediately before and after the install target
204 run lint on the source files
206 create a tags file for the source files.
208 It sets/uses the following variables:
216 CLEANFILES Additional files to remove and
217 CLEANDIRS additional directories to remove during clean and cleandir
218 targets. "rm -f" and "rm -rf" used respectively.
220 CFLAGS Flags to the compiler when creating C objects.
222 FILES A list of non-executable files.
223 The installation is controlled by the FILESNAME, FILESOWN,
224 FILESGRP, FILESMODE, FILESDIR variables that can be
225 further specialized by FILES<VAR>_<file>.
227 LDADD Additional loader objects. Usually used for libraries.
228 For example, to load with the compatibility and utility
231 LDFILES=-lutil -lcompat
233 LDFLAGS Additional loader flags.
235 LINKS The list of binary links; should be full pathnames, the
236 linked-to file coming first, followed by the linked
237 file. The files are hard-linked. For example, to link
238 /bin/test and /bin/[, use:
240 LINKS= ${DESTDIR}/bin/test ${DESTDIR}/bin/[
242 MAN Manual pages (should end in .1 - .9). If no MAN variable
243 is defined, "MAN=${PROG}.1" is assumed.
245 PROG The name of the program to build. If not supplied, nothing
248 PROG_CXX If defined, the name of the program to build. Also
249 causes <bsd.prog.mk> to link the program with the
250 standard C++ library. PROG_CXX overrides the value
251 of PROG if PROG is also set.
253 PROGNAME The name that the above program will be installed as, if
254 different from ${PROG}.
256 SRCS List of source files to build the program. If SRCS is not
257 defined, it's assumed to be ${PROG}.c or, if PROG_CXX is
258 defined, ${PROG_CXX}.cc.
260 DPADD Additional dependencies for the program. Usually used for
261 libraries. For example, to depend on the compatibility and
262 utility libraries use:
264 SRCLIB=${LIBCOMPAT} ${LIBUTIL}
266 There is a predefined identifier for each (non-profiled,
267 non-shared) library and object. Library file names are
268 transformed to identifiers by removing the extension and
269 converting to upper case.
271 There are no special identifiers for profiled or shared
272 libraries or objects. The identifiers for the standard
273 libraries are used in DPADD. This works correctly iff all
274 the libraries are built at the same time. Unfortunately,
275 it causes unnecessary relinks to shared libraries when
276 only the static libraries have changed. Dependencies on
277 shared libraries should be only on the library version
280 STRIP The flag passed to the install program to cause the binary
281 to be stripped. This is to be used when building your
282 own install script so that the entire system can be made
283 stripped/not-stripped using a single nob.
285 SUBDIR A list of subdirectories that should be built as well.
286 Each of the targets will execute the same target in the
289 SCRIPTS A list of interpreter scripts [file.{sh,csh,pl,awk,...}].
290 The installation is controlled by the SCRIPTSNAME, SCRIPTSOWN,
291 SCRIPTSGRP, SCRIPTSMODE, SCRIPTSDIR variables that can be
292 further specialized by SCRIPTS<VAR>_<script>.
294 The include file <bsd.prog.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
295 if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.
297 Some simple examples:
299 To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.1, use:
303 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
305 To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.2, add the line:
309 If foo does not have a manual page at all, add the line:
313 If foo has multiple source files, add the line:
315 SRCS= a.c b.c c.c d.c
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319 The include file <bsd.subdir.mk> contains the default targets for building
320 subdirectories. It has the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean,
321 cleandir, depend, install, lint, and tags. For all of the directories
322 listed in the variable SUBDIRS, the specified directory will be visited
323 and the target made. There is also a default target which allows the
324 command "make subdir" where subdir is any directory listed in the variable
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329 The include file <bsd.lib.mk> has support for building libraries. It has
330 the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean, cleandir, depend,
331 install, lint, and tags. It has a limited number of suffixes, consistent
332 with the current needs of the BSD tree.
334 It sets/uses the following variables:
336 LIBDIR Target directory for libraries.
338 LINTLIBDIR Target directory for lint libraries.
340 LIBGRP Library group.
342 LIBOWN Library owner.
344 LIBMODE Library mode.
346 LDADD Additional loader objects.
348 MAN The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).
350 SRCS List of source files to build the library. Suffix types
351 .s, .c, and .f are supported. Note, .s files are preferred
352 to .c files of the same name. (This is not the default for
355 The include file <bsd.lib.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
356 if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.
358 It has rules for building profiled objects; profiled libraries are
361 Libraries are ranlib'd before installation.