1 .\" Copyright (c) 2003 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
2 .\" All rights reserved.
4 .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello
5 .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Labs, the
6 .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under
7 .\" DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the
8 .\" DARPA CHATS research program.
10 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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26 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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38 .Nd Mandatory Access Control
43 The Mandatory Access Control, or MAC, framework allows administrators to
44 finely control system security by providing for a loadable security policy
46 It is important to note that due to its nature, MAC security policies may
47 only restrict access relative to one another and the base system policy;
48 they cannot override traditional
50 security provisions such as file permissions and superuser checks.
52 Currently, the following MAC policy modules are shipped with
54 .Bl -column ".Xr mac_seeotheruids 4" "low-watermark mac policy" ".Em Labeling" "boot only"
55 .It Sy Name Ta Sy Description Ta Sy Labeling Ta Sy "Load time"
56 .It Xr mac_biba 4 Ta "Biba integrity policy" Ta yes Ta boot only
57 .It Xr mac_bsdextended 4 Ta "File system firewall" Ta no Ta any time
58 .It Xr mac_ifoff 4 Ta "Interface silencing" Ta no Ta any time
59 .It Xr mac_lomac 4 Ta "Low-Watermark MAC policy" Ta yes Ta boot only
60 .It Xr mac_mls 4 Ta "Confidentiality policy" Ta yes Ta boot only
61 .It Xr mac_none 4 Ta "Sample no-op policy" Ta no Ta any time
62 .It Xr mac_partition 4 Ta "Process partition policy" Ta yes Ta any time
63 .It Xr mac_portacl 4 Ta "Port bind(2) access control" Ta no Ta any time
64 .It Xr mac_seeotheruids 4 Ta "See-other-UIDs policy" Ta no Ta any time
65 .It Xr mac_test 4 Ta "MAC testing policy" Ta no Ta any time
68 Each system subject (processes, sockets, etc.) and each system object
69 (file system objects, sockets, etc.) can carry with it a MAC label.
70 MAC labels contain data in an arbitrary format
71 taken into consideration in making access control decisions
72 for a given operation.
73 Most MAC labels on system subjects and objects
74 can be modified directly or indirectly by the system
76 The format for a given policy's label may vary depending on the type
77 of object or subject being labeled.
78 More information on the format for MAC labels can be found in the
81 .Ss MAC Support for UFS2 File Systems
82 By default, file system enforcement of labeled MAC policies relies on
83 a single file system label
86 in order to make access control decisions for all the files in a particular
88 With some policies, this configuration may not allow administrators to take
89 full advantage of features.
90 In order to enable support for labeling files on an individual basis
91 for a particular file system,
94 flag must be enabled on the file system.
97 flag, drop to single-user mode and unmount the file system,
98 then execute the following command:
100 .Dl "tunefs -l enable" Ar filesystem
104 is either the mount point
110 corresponding to the file system on which to enable multilabel support.
111 .Ss Policy Enforcement
112 Policy enforcement is divided into the following areas of the system:
115 File system mounts, modifying directories, modifying files, etc.
117 Loading, unloading, and retrieving statistics on loaded kernel modules
121 packet delivery and transmission,
122 interface configuration
126 Creation of and operation on
140 Creation of and operation on
158 .Ss Setting MAC Labels
159 From the command line, each type of system object has its own means for setting
160 and modifying its MAC policy label.
161 .Bl -column "user (by login class)" "Xr setfmac 8 , Xr setfsmac 8" -offset indent
162 .It Sy "Subject/Object" Ta Sy "Utility"
163 .It "File system object" Ta Xr setfmac 8 , Xr setfsmac 8
164 .It "Network interface" Ta Xr ifconfig 8
165 .It "TTY (by login class)" Ta Xr login.conf 5
166 .It "User (by login class)" Ta Xr login.conf 5
173 utilities can be used to run a command with a different process label than
174 the shell's current label.
175 .Ss Programming With MAC
176 MAC security enforcement itself is transparent to application
177 programs, with the exception that some programs may need to be aware of
180 returns from various system calls.
182 The interface for retrieving, handling, and setting policy labels
187 .\" Support for this feature is poor and should not be encouraged.
189 .\" .It Va security.mac.mmap_revocation
192 .\" access to files on subject relabel.
193 .\" .It Va security.mac.mmap_revocation_via_cow
196 .\" access to files via copy-on-write semantics;
197 .\" mapped regions will still appear writable, but will no longer
198 .\" effect a change on the underlying vnode.
203 .Xr mac_bsdextended 4 ,
208 .Xr mac_partition 4 ,
210 .Xr mac_seeotheruids 4 ,
220 .%B "The FreeBSD Handbook"
221 .%T "Mandatory Access Control"
222 .%O http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mac.html
227 implementation first appeared in
229 and was developed by the
233 This software was contributed to the
235 Project by Network Associates Labs,
236 the Security Research Division of Network Associates
238 under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
240 as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
244 concerning appropriateness for production use.
247 MAC Framework is considered experimental in
250 While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of
251 the root user, not all attack channels are currently protected by entry
253 As such, MAC Framework policies should not be relied on, in isolation,
254 to protect against a malicious privileged user.