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41 .Nm cred_update_thread
42 .Nd "functions related to user credentials"
49 .Fn crhold "struct ucred *cr"
51 .Fn crfree "struct ucred *cr"
53 .Fn crshared "struct ucred *cr"
55 .Fn crcopy "struct ucred *dest" "struct ucred *src"
57 .Fn crdup "struct ucred *cr"
59 .Fn cru2x "struct ucred *cr" "struct xucred *xcr"
61 .Fn cred_update_thread "struct thread *td"
65 family of functions is used to manage user credential structures
71 function allocates memory
72 for a new structure, sets its reference count to 1, and
77 function increases the reference count on the credential.
81 function decreases the reference count on the credential.
82 If the count drops to 0, the storage for the structure is freed.
86 function returns true if the credential is shared.
87 A credential is considered to be shared if its reference
88 count is greater than one.
92 function copies the contents of the source (template)
93 credential into the destination template.
96 structure within the destination is referenced
102 function allocates memory for a new structure and copies the
106 The actual copying is performed by
121 it ignores fields in the former that are not present in the latter
124 and appropriately sets fields in the latter that are not present in
130 .Fn cred_update_thread
131 function sets the credentials of
133 to that of its process, freeing its old credential if required.
139 all return a pointer to a
144 returns 0 if the credential has a reference count greater than 1;
145 otherwise, 1 is returned.
151 structure contains extensible fields.
152 This means that the correct protocol must always be followed to create
153 a fresh and writable credential structure: new credentials must always
154 be derived from existing credentials using
159 In the common case, credentials required for access control decisions are
160 used in a read-only manner.
161 In these circumstances, the thread credential
163 should be used, as it requires no locking to access safely, and remains stable
164 for the duration of the call even in the face of a multi-threaded
165 application changing the process credentials from another thread.
168 will assume the use of
170 unless explicitly specified using
173 During a process credential update, the process lock must be held across
174 check and update, to prevent race conditions.
175 The process credential,
176 .Va td->td_proc->p_ucred ,
177 must be used both for check and update.
178 If a process credential is updated during a system call and checks against
179 the thread credential are to be made later during the same system call,
180 the thread credential must also be refreshed from the process credential
181 so as to prevent use of a stale value.
182 To avoid this scenario, it is recommended that system calls updating the
183 process credential be designed to avoid other authorization functions.
185 If temporarily elevated privileges are required for a thread, the thread
186 credential can by replaced for the duration of an activity, or for
187 the remainder of the system call.
188 However, as a thread credential is often shared, appropriate care should be
189 taken to make sure modifications are made to a writable credential
195 Caution should be exercised when checking authorization for a thread or
196 process perform an operation on another thread or process.
197 As a result of temporary elevation, the target thread credential should
199 be used as the target credential in an access control decision: the process
200 credential associated with the thread,
201 .Va td->td_proc->p_ucred ,
202 should be used instead.
205 accepts a target process, not a target thread, for access control purposes.
209 This manual page was written by
210 .An Chad David Aq davidc@acns.ab.ca .