bin/ps/ps.c

   1 /*-
   2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
   5  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   6  *
   7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   9  * are met:
  10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  17  *    without specific prior written permission.
  18  *
  19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  30  * ------+---------+---------+-------- + --------+---------+---------+---------*
  31  * Copyright (c) 2004  - Garance Alistair Drosehn <gad@FreeBSD.org>.
  32  * All rights reserved.
  33  *
  34  * Significant modifications made to bring `ps' options somewhat closer
  35  * to the standard for `ps' as described in SingleUnixSpec-v3.
  36  * ------+---------+---------+-------- + --------+---------+---------+---------*
  37  */
  38
  39 #include <sys/param.h>
  40 #include <sys/jail.h>
  41 #include <sys/proc.h>
  42 #include <sys/user.h>
  43 #include <sys/stat.h>
  44 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  45 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  46 #include <sys/mount.h>
  47
  48 #include <ctype.h>
  49 #include <errno.h>
  50 #include <fcntl.h>
  51 #include <grp.h>
  52 #include <jail.h>
  53 #include <kvm.h>
  54 #include <limits.h>
  55 #include <locale.h>
  56 #include <paths.h>
  57 #include <pwd.h>
  58 #include <stdio.h>
  59 #include <stdlib.h>
  60 #include <string.h>
  61 #include <unistd.h>
  62 #include <libxo/xo.h>
  63
  64 #include "ps.h"
  65
  66 #define _PATH_PTS       "/dev/pts/"
  67
  68 #define W_SEP   " \t"           /* "Whitespace" list separators */
  69 #define T_SEP   ","             /* "Terminate-element" list separators */
  70
  71 /*
  72  * isdigit takes an `int', but expects values in the range of unsigned char.
  73  * This wrapper ensures that values from a 'char' end up in the correct range.
  74  */
  75 #define isdigitch(Anychar) isdigit((u_char)(Anychar))
  76
  77 int      cflag;                 /* -c */
  78 int      eval;                  /* Exit value */
  79 time_t   now;                   /* Current time(3) value */
  80 int      rawcpu;                /* -C */
  81 int      sumrusage;             /* -S */
  82 int      termwidth;             /* Width of the screen (0 == infinity). */
  83 int      showthreads;           /* will threads be shown? */
  84
  85 struct velisthead varlist = STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(varlist);
  86
  87 static kvm_t    *kd;
  88 static int       needcomm;      /* -o "command" */
  89 static int       needenv;       /* -e */
  90 static int       needuser;      /* -o "user" */
  91 static int       optfatal;      /* Fatal error parsing some list-option. */
  92 static int       pid_max;       /* kern.pid_max */
  93
  94 static enum sort { DEFAULT, SORTMEM, SORTCPU } sortby = DEFAULT;
  95
  96 struct listinfo;
  97 typedef int     addelem_rtn(struct listinfo *_inf, const char *_elem);
  98
  99 struct listinfo {
 100         int              count;
 101         int              maxcount;
 102         int              elemsize;
 103         addelem_rtn     *addelem;
 104         const char      *lname;
 105         union {
 106                 gid_t   *gids;
 107                 int     *jids;
 108                 pid_t   *pids;
 109                 dev_t   *ttys;
 110                 uid_t   *uids;
 111                 void    *ptr;
 112         } l;
 113 };
 114
 115 static int       addelem_gid(struct listinfo *, const char *);
 116 static int       addelem_jid(struct listinfo *, const char *);
 117 static int       addelem_pid(struct listinfo *, const char *);
 118 static int       addelem_tty(struct listinfo *, const char *);
 119 static int       addelem_uid(struct listinfo *, const char *);
 120 static void      add_list(struct listinfo *, const char *);
 121 static void      descendant_sort(KINFO *, int);
 122 static void      format_output(KINFO *);
 123 static void     *expand_list(struct listinfo *);
 124 static const char *
 125                  fmt(char **(*)(kvm_t *, const struct kinfo_proc *, int),
 126                     KINFO *, char *, char *, int);
 127 static void      free_list(struct listinfo *);
 128 static void      init_list(struct listinfo *, addelem_rtn, int, const char *);
 129 static char     *kludge_oldps_options(const char *, char *, const char *);
 130 static int       pscomp(const void *, const void *);
 131 static void      saveuser(KINFO *);
 132 static void      scanvars(void);
 133 static void      sizevars(void);
 134 static void      pidmax_init(void);
 135 static void      usage(void);
 136
 137 static char dfmt[] = "pid,tt,state,time,command";
 138 static char jfmt[] = "user,pid,ppid,pgid,sid,jobc,state,tt,time,command";
 139 static char lfmt[] = "uid,pid,ppid,cpu,pri,nice,vsz,rss,mwchan,state,"
 140                         "tt,time,command";
 141 static char   o1[] = "pid";
 142 static char   o2[] = "tt,state,time,command";
 143 static char ufmt[] = "user,pid,%cpu,%mem,vsz,rss,tt,state,start,time,command";
 144 static char vfmt[] = "pid,state,time,sl,re,pagein,vsz,rss,lim,tsiz,"
 145                         "%cpu,%mem,command";
 146 static char Zfmt[] = "label";
 147
 148 #define PS_ARGS "AaCcD:defG:gHhjJ:LlM:mN:O:o:p:rSTt:U:uvwXxZ"
 149
 150 int
 151 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 152 {
 153         struct listinfo gidlist, jidlist, pgrplist, pidlist;
 154         struct listinfo ruidlist, sesslist, ttylist, uidlist;
 155         struct kinfo_proc *kp;
 156         KINFO *kinfo = NULL, *next_KINFO;
 157         KINFO_STR *ks;
 158         struct varent *vent;
 159         struct winsize ws = { .ws_row = 0 };
 160         const char *nlistf, *memf, *str;
 161         char *cols;
 162         int all, ch, elem, flag, _fmt, i, lineno, linelen, left;
 163         int descendancy, nentries, nkept, nselectors;
 164         int prtheader, wflag, what, xkeep, xkeep_implied;
 165         int fwidthmin, fwidthmax;
 166         char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
 167         char fmtbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
 168         enum { NONE = 0, UP = 1, DOWN = 2, BOTH = 1 | 2 } directions = NONE;
 169         struct { int traversed; int initial; } pid_count;
 170
 171         (void) setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
 172         time(&now);                     /* Used by routines in print.c. */
 173
 174         /*
 175          * Compute default output line length before processing options.
 176          * If COLUMNS is set, use it.  Otherwise, if this is part of an
 177          * interactive job (i.e. one associated with a terminal), use
 178          * the terminal width.  "Interactive" is determined by whether
 179          * any of stdout, stderr, or stdin is a terminal.  The intent
 180          * is that "ps", "ps | more", and "ps | grep" all use the same
 181          * default line length unless -w is specified.
 182          *
 183          * If not interactive, the default length was traditionally 79.
 184          * It has been changed to unlimited.  This is mostly for the
 185          * benefit of non-interactive scripts, which arguably should
 186          * use -ww, but is compatible with Linux.
 187          */
 188         if ((cols = getenv("COLUMNS")) != NULL && *cols != '\0')
 189                 termwidth = atoi(cols);
 190         else if ((ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
 191              ioctl(STDERR_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
 192              ioctl(STDIN_FILENO,  TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1) ||
 193              ws.ws_col == 0)
 194                 termwidth = UNLIMITED;
 195         else
 196                 termwidth = ws.ws_col - 1;
 197
 198         /*
 199          * Hide a number of option-processing kludges in a separate routine,
 200          * to support some historical BSD behaviors, such as `ps axu'.
 201          */
 202         if (argc > 1)
 203                 argv[1] = kludge_oldps_options(PS_ARGS, argv[1], argv[2]);
 204
 205         pidmax_init();
 206
 207         all = descendancy = _fmt = nselectors = optfatal = 0;
 208         prtheader = showthreads = wflag = xkeep_implied = 0;
 209         xkeep = -1;                     /* Neither -x nor -X. */
 210         init_list(&gidlist, addelem_gid, sizeof(gid_t), "group");
 211         init_list(&jidlist, addelem_jid, sizeof(int), "jail id");
 212         init_list(&pgrplist, addelem_pid, sizeof(pid_t), "process group");
 213         init_list(&pidlist, addelem_pid, sizeof(pid_t), "process id");
 214         init_list(&ruidlist, addelem_uid, sizeof(uid_t), "ruser");
 215         init_list(&sesslist, addelem_pid, sizeof(pid_t), "session id");
 216         init_list(&ttylist, addelem_tty, sizeof(dev_t), "tty");
 217         init_list(&uidlist, addelem_uid, sizeof(uid_t), "user");
 218         memf = _PATH_DEVNULL;
 219         nlistf = NULL;
 220
 221         argc = xo_parse_args(argc, argv);
 222         if (argc < 0)
 223                 exit(1);
 224
 225         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, PS_ARGS)) != -1)
 226                 switch (ch) {
 227                 case 'A':
 228                         /*
 229                          * Exactly the same as `-ax'.   This has been
 230                          * added for compatibility with SUSv3, but for
 231                          * now it will not be described in the man page.
 232                          */
 233                         all = xkeep = 1;
 234                         break;
 235                 case 'a':
 236                         all = 1;
 237                         break;
 238                 case 'C':
 239                         rawcpu = 1;
 240                         break;
 241                 case 'c':
 242                         cflag = 1;
 243                         break;
 244                 case 'D': {
 245                                 size_t len = strlen(optarg);
 246
 247                                 if (len <= 2 &&
 248                                         strncasecmp(optarg, "up", len) == 0)
 249                                         directions |= UP;
 250                                 else if (len <= 4 &&
 251                                         strncasecmp(optarg, "down", len) == 0)
 252                                         directions |= DOWN;
 253                                 else if (len <= 4 &&
 254                                         strncasecmp(optarg, "both", len) == 0)
 255                                         directions |= BOTH;
 256                                 else
 257                                         usage();
 258                                 break;
 259                         }
 260                 case 'd':
 261                         descendancy = 1;
 262                         break;
 263                 case 'e':                       /* XXX set ufmt */
 264                         needenv = 1;
 265                         break;
 266                 case 'f':
 267                         /* compat */
 268                         break;
 269                 case 'G':
 270                         add_list(&gidlist, optarg);
 271                         xkeep_implied = 1;
 272                         nselectors++;
 273                         break;
 274                 case 'g':
 275 #if 0
 276                         /*-
 277                          * XXX - This SUSv3 behavior is still under debate
 278                          *      since it conflicts with the (undocumented)
 279                          *      `-g' option.  So we skip it for now.
 280                          */
 281                         add_list(&pgrplist, optarg);
 282                         xkeep_implied = 1;
 283                         nselectors++;
 284                         break;
 285 #else
 286                         /* The historical BSD-ish (from SunOS) behavior. */
 287                         break;                  /* no-op */
 288 #endif
 289                 case 'H':
 290                         showthreads = KERN_PROC_INC_THREAD;
 291                         break;
 292                 case 'h':
 293                         prtheader = ws.ws_row > 5 ? ws.ws_row : 22;
 294                         break;
 295                 case 'J':
 296                         add_list(&jidlist, optarg);
 297                         xkeep_implied = 1;
 298                         nselectors++;
 299                         break;
 300                 case 'j':
 301                         parsefmt(jfmt, 0);
 302                         _fmt = 1;
 303                         jfmt[0] = '\0';
 304                         break;
 305                 case 'L':
 306                         showkey();
 307                         exit(0);
 308                 case 'l':
 309                         parsefmt(lfmt, 0);
 310                         _fmt = 1;
 311                         lfmt[0] = '\0';
 312                         break;
 313                 case 'M':
 314                         memf = optarg;
 315                         break;
 316                 case 'm':
 317                         sortby = SORTMEM;
 318                         break;
 319                 case 'N':
 320                         nlistf = optarg;
 321                         break;
 322                 case 'O':
 323                         parsefmt(o1, 1);
 324                         parsefmt(optarg, 1);
 325                         parsefmt(o2, 1);
 326                         o1[0] = o2[0] = '\0';
 327                         _fmt = 1;
 328                         break;
 329                 case 'o':
 330                         parsefmt(optarg, 1);
 331                         _fmt = 1;
 332                         break;
 333                 case 'p':
 334                         add_list(&pidlist, optarg);
 335                         /*
 336                          * Note: `-p' does not *set* xkeep, but any values
 337                          * from pidlist are checked before xkeep is.  That
 338                          * way they are always matched, even if the user
 339                          * specifies `-X'.
 340                          */
 341                         nselectors++;
 342                         break;
 343 #if 0
 344                 case 'R':
 345                         /*-
 346                          * XXX - This un-standard option is still under
 347                          *      debate.  This is what SUSv3 defines as
 348                          *      the `-U' option, and while it would be
 349                          *      nice to have, it could cause even more
 350                          *      confusion to implement it as `-R'.
 351                          */
 352                         add_list(&ruidlist, optarg);
 353                         xkeep_implied = 1;
 354                         nselectors++;
 355                         break;
 356 #endif
 357                 case 'r':
 358                         sortby = SORTCPU;
 359                         break;
 360                 case 'S':
 361                         sumrusage = 1;
 362                         break;
 363 #if 0
 364                 case 's':
 365                         /*-
 366                          * XXX - This non-standard option is still under
 367                          *      debate.  This *is* supported on Solaris,
 368                          *      Linux, and IRIX, but conflicts with `-s'
 369                          *      on NetBSD and maybe some older BSD's.
 370                          */
 371                         add_list(&sesslist, optarg);
 372                         xkeep_implied = 1;
 373                         nselectors++;
 374                         break;
 375 #endif
 376                 case 'T':
 377                         if ((optarg = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO)) == NULL)
 378                                 xo_errx(1, "stdin: not a terminal");
 379                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 380                 case 't':
 381                         add_list(&ttylist, optarg);
 382                         xkeep_implied = 1;
 383                         nselectors++;
 384                         break;
 385                 case 'U':
 386                         /* This is what SUSv3 defines as the `-u' option. */
 387                         add_list(&uidlist, optarg);
 388                         xkeep_implied = 1;
 389                         nselectors++;
 390                         break;
 391                 case 'u':
 392                         parsefmt(ufmt, 0);
 393                         sortby = SORTCPU;
 394                         _fmt = 1;
 395                         ufmt[0] = '\0';
 396                         break;
 397                 case 'v':
 398                         parsefmt(vfmt, 0);
 399                         sortby = SORTMEM;
 400                         _fmt = 1;
 401                         vfmt[0] = '\0';
 402                         break;
 403                 case 'w':
 404                         if (wflag)
 405                                 termwidth = UNLIMITED;
 406                         else if (termwidth < 131 && termwidth != UNLIMITED)
 407                                 termwidth = 131;
 408                         wflag++;
 409                         break;
 410                 case 'X':
 411                         /*
 412                          * Note that `-X' and `-x' are not standard "selector"
 413                          * options. For most selector-options, we check *all*
 414                          * processes to see if any are matched by the given
 415                          * value(s).  After we have a set of all the matched
 416                          * processes, then `-X' and `-x' govern whether we
 417                          * modify that *matched* set for processes which do
 418                          * not have a controlling terminal.  `-X' causes
 419                          * those processes to be deleted from the matched
 420                          * set, while `-x' causes them to be kept.
 421                          */
 422                         xkeep = 0;
 423                         break;
 424                 case 'x':
 425                         xkeep = 1;
 426                         break;
 427                 case 'Z':
 428                         parsefmt(Zfmt, 0);
 429                         Zfmt[0] = '\0';
 430                         break;
 431                 case '?':
 432                 default:
 433                         usage();
 434                 }
 435         argc -= optind;
 436         argv += optind;
 437
 438         /*
 439          * If there arguments after processing all the options, attempt
 440          * to treat them as a list of process ids.
 441          */
 442         while (*argv) {
 443                 if (!isdigitch(**argv))
 444                         break;
 445                 add_list(&pidlist, *argv);
 446                 argv++;
 447         }
 448         if (*argv) {
 449                 xo_warnx("illegal argument: %s\n", *argv);
 450                 usage();
 451         }
 452         if (optfatal)
 453                 exit(1);                /* Error messages already printed. */
 454         if (xkeep < 0)                  /* Neither -X nor -x was specified. */
 455                 xkeep = xkeep_implied;
 456
 457         kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
 458         if (kd == NULL)
 459                 xo_errx(1, "%s", errbuf);
 460
 461         if (!_fmt)
 462                 parsefmt(dfmt, 0);
 463
 464         if (!all && nselectors == 0) {
 465                 uidlist.l.ptr = malloc(sizeof(uid_t));
 466                 if (uidlist.l.ptr == NULL)
 467                         xo_errx(1, "malloc failed");
 468                 nselectors = 1;
 469                 uidlist.count = uidlist.maxcount = 1;
 470                 *uidlist.l.uids = getuid();
 471         }
 472
 473         /*
 474          * scan requested variables, noting what structures are needed,
 475          * and adjusting header widths as appropriate.
 476          */
 477         scanvars();
 478
 479         /*
 480          * Get process list.  If the user requested just one selector-
 481          * option, then kvm_getprocs can be asked to return just those
 482          * processes.  Otherwise, have it return all processes, and
 483          * then this routine will search that full list and select the
 484          * processes which match any of the user's selector-options.
 485          */
 486         what = showthreads != 0 ? KERN_PROC_ALL : KERN_PROC_PROC;
 487         flag = 0;
 488         if (nselectors == 1) {
 489                 if (gidlist.count == 1) {
 490                         what = KERN_PROC_RGID | showthreads;
 491                         flag = *gidlist.l.gids;
 492                         nselectors = 0;
 493                 } else if (pgrplist.count == 1) {
 494                         what = KERN_PROC_PGRP | showthreads;
 495                         flag = *pgrplist.l.pids;
 496                         nselectors = 0;
 497                 } else if (pidlist.count == 1 && directions == NONE) {
 498                         what = KERN_PROC_PID | showthreads;
 499                         flag = *pidlist.l.pids;
 500                         nselectors = 0;
 501                 } else if (ruidlist.count == 1) {
 502                         what = KERN_PROC_RUID | showthreads;
 503                         flag = *ruidlist.l.uids;
 504                         nselectors = 0;
 505                 } else if (sesslist.count == 1) {
 506                         what = KERN_PROC_SESSION | showthreads;
 507                         flag = *sesslist.l.pids;
 508                         nselectors = 0;
 509                 } else if (ttylist.count == 1) {
 510                         what = KERN_PROC_TTY | showthreads;
 511                         flag = *ttylist.l.ttys;
 512                         nselectors = 0;
 513                 } else if (uidlist.count == 1) {
 514                         what = KERN_PROC_UID | showthreads;
 515                         flag = *uidlist.l.uids;
 516                         nselectors = 0;
 517                 }
 518         }
 519
 520         /*
 521          * select procs
 522          */
 523         nentries = -1;
 524         kp = kvm_getprocs(kd, what, flag, &nentries);
 525         /*
 526          * Ignore ESRCH to preserve behaviour of "ps -p nonexistent-pid"
 527          * not reporting an error.
 528          */
 529         if ((kp == NULL && errno != ESRCH) || (kp != NULL && nentries < 0))
 530                 xo_errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
 531         nkept = 0;
 532         pid_count.initial = pidlist.count;
 533         if (directions & DOWN)
 534                 for (elem = 0; elem < pidlist.count; elem++)
 535                         for (i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {
 536                                 if (kp[i].ki_ppid == kp[i].ki_pid)
 537                                         continue;
 538                                 if (kp[i].ki_ppid == pidlist.l.pids[elem]) {
 539                                         if (pidlist.count >= pidlist.maxcount)
 540                                                 expand_list(&pidlist);
 541                                         pidlist.l.pids[pidlist.count++] = kp[i].ki_pid;
 542                                 }
 543                         }
 544         pid_count.traversed = pidlist.count;
 545         if (directions & UP)
 546                 for (elem = 0; elem < pidlist.count; elem++) {
 547                         if (elem >= pid_count.initial && elem < pid_count.traversed)
 548                                 continue;
 549                         for (i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {
 550                                 if (kp[i].ki_ppid == kp[i].ki_pid)
 551                                         continue;
 552                                 if (kp[i].ki_pid == pidlist.l.pids[elem]) {
 553                                         if (pidlist.count >= pidlist.maxcount)
 554                                                 expand_list(&pidlist);
 555                                         pidlist.l.pids[pidlist.count++] = kp[i].ki_ppid;
 556                                 }
 557                         }
 558                 }
 559         if (nentries > 0) {
 560                 if ((kinfo = malloc(nentries * sizeof(*kinfo))) == NULL)
 561                         xo_errx(1, "malloc failed");
 562                 for (i = nentries; --i >= 0; ++kp) {
 563                         /*
 564                          * If the user specified multiple selection-criteria,
 565                          * then keep any process matched by the inclusive OR
 566                          * of all the selection-criteria given.
 567                          */
 568                         if (pidlist.count > 0) {
 569                                 for (elem = 0; elem < pidlist.count; elem++)
 570                                         if (kp->ki_pid == pidlist.l.pids[elem])
 571                                                 goto keepit;
 572                         }
 573                         /*
 574                          * Note that we had to process pidlist before
 575                          * filtering out processes which do not have
 576                          * a controlling terminal.
 577                          */
 578                         if (xkeep == 0) {
 579                                 if ((kp->ki_tdev == NODEV ||
 580                                     (kp->ki_flag & P_CONTROLT) == 0))
 581                                         continue;
 582                         }
 583                         if (nselectors == 0)
 584                                 goto keepit;
 585                         if (gidlist.count > 0) {
 586                                 for (elem = 0; elem < gidlist.count; elem++)
 587                                         if (kp->ki_rgid == gidlist.l.gids[elem])
 588                                                 goto keepit;
 589                         }
 590                         if (jidlist.count > 0) {
 591                                 for (elem = 0; elem < jidlist.count; elem++)
 592                                         if (kp->ki_jid == jidlist.l.jids[elem])
 593                                                 goto keepit;
 594                         }
 595                         if (pgrplist.count > 0) {
 596                                 for (elem = 0; elem < pgrplist.count; elem++)
 597                                         if (kp->ki_pgid ==
 598                                             pgrplist.l.pids[elem])
 599                                                 goto keepit;
 600                         }
 601                         if (ruidlist.count > 0) {
 602                                 for (elem = 0; elem < ruidlist.count; elem++)
 603                                         if (kp->ki_ruid ==
 604                                             ruidlist.l.uids[elem])
 605                                                 goto keepit;
 606                         }
 607                         if (sesslist.count > 0) {
 608                                 for (elem = 0; elem < sesslist.count; elem++)
 609                                         if (kp->ki_sid == sesslist.l.pids[elem])
 610                                                 goto keepit;
 611                         }
 612                         if (ttylist.count > 0) {
 613                                 for (elem = 0; elem < ttylist.count; elem++)
 614                                         if (kp->ki_tdev == ttylist.l.ttys[elem])
 615                                                 goto keepit;
 616                         }
 617                         if (uidlist.count > 0) {
 618                                 for (elem = 0; elem < uidlist.count; elem++)
 619                                         if (kp->ki_uid == uidlist.l.uids[elem])
 620                                                 goto keepit;
 621                         }
 622                         /*
 623                          * This process did not match any of the user's
 624                          * selector-options, so skip the process.
 625                          */
 626                         continue;
 627
 628                 keepit:
 629                         next_KINFO = &kinfo[nkept];
 630                         next_KINFO->ki_p = kp;
 631                         next_KINFO->ki_d.level = 0;
 632                         next_KINFO->ki_d.prefix = NULL;
 633                         next_KINFO->ki_pcpu = getpcpu(next_KINFO);
 634                         if (sortby == SORTMEM)
 635                                 next_KINFO->ki_memsize = kp->ki_tsize +
 636                                     kp->ki_dsize + kp->ki_ssize;
 637                         if (needuser)
 638                                 saveuser(next_KINFO);
 639                         nkept++;
 640                 }
 641         }
 642
 643         sizevars();
 644
 645         if (nkept == 0) {
 646                 printheader();
 647                 if (xo_finish() < 0)
 648                         xo_err(1, "stdout");
 649                 exit(1);
 650         }
 651
 652         /*
 653          * sort proc list
 654          */
 655         qsort(kinfo, nkept, sizeof(KINFO), pscomp);
 656
 657         /*
 658          * We want things in descendant order
 659          */
 660         if (descendancy)
 661                 descendant_sort(kinfo, nkept);
 662
 663
 664         /*
 665          * Prepare formatted output.
 666          */
 667         for (i = 0; i < nkept; i++)
 668                 format_output(&kinfo[i]);
 669
 670         /*
 671          * Print header.
 672          */
 673         xo_open_container("process-information");
 674         printheader();
 675         if (xo_get_style(NULL) != XO_STYLE_TEXT)
 676                 termwidth = UNLIMITED;
 677
 678         /*
 679          * Output formatted lines.
 680          */
 681         xo_open_list("process");
 682         for (i = lineno = 0; i < nkept; i++) {
 683                 linelen = 0;
 684                 xo_open_instance("process");
 685                 STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &varlist, next_ve) {
 686                         ks = STAILQ_FIRST(&kinfo[i].ki_ks);
 687                         STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&kinfo[i].ki_ks, ks_next);
 688                         /* Truncate rightmost column if necessary.  */
 689                         fwidthmax = _POSIX2_LINE_MAX;
 690                         if (STAILQ_NEXT(vent, next_ve) == NULL &&
 691                            termwidth != UNLIMITED && ks->ks_str != NULL) {
 692                                 left = termwidth - linelen;
 693                                 if (left > 0 && left < (int)strlen(ks->ks_str))
 694                                         fwidthmax = left;
 695                         }
 696
 697                         str = ks->ks_str;
 698                         if (str == NULL)
 699                                 str = "-";
 700                         /* No padding for the last column, if it's LJUST. */
 701                         fwidthmin = (xo_get_style(NULL) != XO_STYLE_TEXT ||
 702                             (STAILQ_NEXT(vent, next_ve) == NULL &&
 703                             (vent->var->flag & LJUST))) ? 0 : vent->var->width;
 704                         snprintf(fmtbuf, sizeof(fmtbuf), "{:%s/%%%s%d..%dhs}",
 705                             vent->var->field ? vent->var->field : vent->var->name,
 706                             (vent->var->flag & LJUST) ? "-" : "",
 707                             fwidthmin, fwidthmax);
 708                         xo_emit(fmtbuf, str);
 709                         linelen += fwidthmin;
 710
 711                         if (ks->ks_str != NULL) {
 712                                 free(ks->ks_str);
 713                                 ks->ks_str = NULL;
 714                         }
 715                         free(ks);
 716                         ks = NULL;
 717
 718                         if (STAILQ_NEXT(vent, next_ve) != NULL) {
 719                                 xo_emit("{P: }");
 720                                 linelen++;
 721                         }
 722                 }
 723                 xo_emit("\n");
 724                 xo_close_instance("process");
 725                 if (prtheader && lineno++ == prtheader - 4) {
 726                         xo_emit("\n");
 727                         printheader();
 728                         lineno = 0;
 729                 }
 730         }
 731         xo_close_list("process");
 732         xo_close_container("process-information");
 733         if (xo_finish() < 0)
 734                 xo_err(1, "stdout");
 735
 736         free_list(&gidlist);
 737         free_list(&jidlist);
 738         free_list(&pidlist);
 739         free_list(&pgrplist);
 740         free_list(&ruidlist);
 741         free_list(&sesslist);
 742         free_list(&ttylist);
 743         free_list(&uidlist);
 744         for (i = 0; i < nkept; i++)
 745                 free(kinfo[i].ki_d.prefix);
 746         free(kinfo);
 747
 748         exit(eval);
 749 }
 750
 751 static int
 752 addelem_gid(struct listinfo *inf, const char *elem)
 753 {
 754         struct group *grp;
 755         const char *nameorID;
 756         char *endp;
 757         u_long bigtemp;
 758
 759         if (*elem == '\0' || strlen(elem) >= MAXLOGNAME) {
 760                 if (*elem == '\0')
 761                         xo_warnx("Invalid (zero-length) %s name", inf->lname);
 762                 else
 763                         xo_warnx("%s name too long: %s", inf->lname, elem);
 764                 optfatal = 1;
 765                 return (0);             /* Do not add this value. */
 766         }
 767
 768         /*
 769          * SUSv3 states that `ps -G grouplist' should match "real-group
 770          * ID numbers", and does not mention group-names.  I do want to
 771          * also support group-names, so this tries for a group-id first,
 772          * and only tries for a name if that doesn't work.  This is the
 773          * opposite order of what is done in addelem_uid(), but in
 774          * practice the order would only matter for group-names which
 775          * are all-numeric.
 776          */
 777         grp = NULL;
 778         nameorID = "named";
 779         errno = 0;
 780         bigtemp = strtoul(elem, &endp, 10);
 781         if (errno == 0 && *endp == '\0' && bigtemp <= GID_MAX) {
 782                 nameorID = "name or ID matches";
 783                 grp = getgrgid((gid_t)bigtemp);
 784         }
 785         if (grp == NULL)
 786                 grp = getgrnam(elem);
 787         if (grp == NULL) {
 788                 xo_warnx("No %s %s '%s'", inf->lname, nameorID, elem);
 789                 optfatal = 1;
 790                 return (0);
 791         }
 792         if (inf->count >= inf->maxcount)
 793                 expand_list(inf);
 794         inf->l.gids[(inf->count)++] = grp->gr_gid;
 795         return (1);
 796 }
 797
 798 static int
 799 addelem_jid(struct listinfo *inf, const char *elem)
 800 {
 801         int tempid;
 802
 803         if (*elem == '\0') {
 804                 xo_warnx("Invalid (zero-length) jail id");
 805                 optfatal = 1;
 806                 return (0);             /* Do not add this value. */
 807         }
 808
 809         tempid = jail_getid(elem);
 810         if (tempid < 0) {
 811                 xo_warnx("Invalid %s: %s", inf->lname, elem);
 812                 optfatal = 1;
 813                 return (0);
 814         }
 815
 816         if (inf->count >= inf->maxcount)
 817                 expand_list(inf);
 818         inf->l.jids[(inf->count)++] = tempid;
 819         return (1);
 820 }
 821
 822 static int
 823 addelem_pid(struct listinfo *inf, const char *elem)
 824 {
 825         char *endp;
 826         long tempid;
 827
 828         if (*elem == '\0') {
 829                 xo_warnx("Invalid (zero-length) process id");
 830                 optfatal = 1;
 831                 return (0);             /* Do not add this value. */
 832         }
 833
 834         errno = 0;
 835         tempid = strtol(elem, &endp, 10);
 836         if (*endp != '\0' || tempid < 0 || elem == endp) {
 837                 xo_warnx("Invalid %s: %s", inf->lname, elem);
 838                 errno = ERANGE;
 839         } else if (errno != 0 || tempid > pid_max) {
 840                 xo_warnx("%s too large: %s", inf->lname, elem);
 841                 errno = ERANGE;
 842         }
 843         if (errno == ERANGE) {
 844                 optfatal = 1;
 845                 return (0);
 846         }
 847         if (inf->count >= inf->maxcount)
 848                 expand_list(inf);
 849         inf->l.pids[(inf->count)++] = tempid;
 850         return (1);
 851 }
 852
 853 /*-
 854  * The user can specify a device via one of three formats:
 855  *     1) fully qualified, e.g.:     /dev/ttyp0 /dev/console    /dev/pts/0
 856  *     2) missing "/dev", e.g.:      ttyp0      console         pts/0
 857  *     3) two-letters, e.g.:         p0         co              0
 858  *        (matching letters that would be seen in the "TT" column)
 859  */
 860 static int
 861 addelem_tty(struct listinfo *inf, const char *elem)
 862 {
 863         const char *ttypath;
 864         struct stat sb;
 865         char pathbuf[PATH_MAX], pathbuf2[PATH_MAX], pathbuf3[PATH_MAX];
 866
 867         ttypath = NULL;
 868         pathbuf2[0] = '\0';
 869         pathbuf3[0] = '\0';
 870         switch (*elem) {
 871         case '/':
 872                 ttypath = elem;
 873                 break;
 874         case 'c':
 875                 if (strcmp(elem, "co") == 0) {
 876                         ttypath = _PATH_CONSOLE;
 877                         break;
 878                 }
 879                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
 880         default:
 881                 strlcpy(pathbuf, _PATH_DEV, sizeof(pathbuf));
 882                 strlcat(pathbuf, elem, sizeof(pathbuf));
 883                 ttypath = pathbuf;
 884                 if (strncmp(pathbuf, _PATH_TTY, strlen(_PATH_TTY)) == 0)
 885                         break;
 886                 if (strncmp(pathbuf, _PATH_PTS, strlen(_PATH_PTS)) == 0)
 887                         break;
 888                 if (strcmp(pathbuf, _PATH_CONSOLE) == 0)
 889                         break;
 890                 /* Check to see if /dev/tty${elem} exists */
 891                 strlcpy(pathbuf2, _PATH_TTY, sizeof(pathbuf2));
 892                 strlcat(pathbuf2, elem, sizeof(pathbuf2));
 893                 if (stat(pathbuf2, &sb) == 0 && S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) {
 894                         /* No need to repeat stat() && S_ISCHR() checks */
 895                         ttypath = NULL;
 896                         break;
 897                 }
 898                 /* Check to see if /dev/pts/${elem} exists */
 899                 strlcpy(pathbuf3, _PATH_PTS, sizeof(pathbuf3));
 900                 strlcat(pathbuf3, elem, sizeof(pathbuf3));
 901                 if (stat(pathbuf3, &sb) == 0 && S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) {
 902                         /* No need to repeat stat() && S_ISCHR() checks */
 903                         ttypath = NULL;
 904                         break;
 905                 }
 906                 break;
 907         }
 908         if (ttypath) {
 909                 if (stat(ttypath, &sb) == -1) {
 910                         if (pathbuf3[0] != '\0')
 911                                 xo_warn("%s, %s, and %s", pathbuf3, pathbuf2,
 912                                     ttypath);
 913                         else
 914                                 xo_warn("%s", ttypath);
 915                         optfatal = 1;
 916                         return (0);
 917                 }
 918                 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) {
 919                         if (pathbuf3[0] != '\0')
 920                                 xo_warnx("%s, %s, and %s: Not a terminal",
 921                                     pathbuf3, pathbuf2, ttypath);
 922                         else
 923                                 xo_warnx("%s: Not a terminal", ttypath);
 924                         optfatal = 1;
 925                         return (0);
 926                 }
 927         }
 928         if (inf->count >= inf->maxcount)
 929                 expand_list(inf);
 930         inf->l.ttys[(inf->count)++] = sb.st_rdev;
 931         return (1);
 932 }
 933
 934 static int
 935 addelem_uid(struct listinfo *inf, const char *elem)
 936 {
 937         struct passwd *pwd;
 938         char *endp;
 939         u_long bigtemp;
 940
 941         if (*elem == '\0' || strlen(elem) >= MAXLOGNAME) {
 942                 if (*elem == '\0')
 943                         xo_warnx("Invalid (zero-length) %s name", inf->lname);
 944                 else
 945                         xo_warnx("%s name too long: %s", inf->lname, elem);
 946                 optfatal = 1;
 947                 return (0);             /* Do not add this value. */
 948         }
 949
 950         pwd = getpwnam(elem);
 951         if (pwd == NULL) {
 952                 errno = 0;
 953                 bigtemp = strtoul(elem, &endp, 10);
 954                 if (errno != 0 || *endp != '\0' || bigtemp > UID_MAX)
 955                         xo_warnx("No %s named '%s'", inf->lname, elem);
 956                 else {
 957                         /* The string is all digits, so it might be a userID. */
 958                         pwd = getpwuid((uid_t)bigtemp);
 959                         if (pwd == NULL)
 960                                 xo_warnx("No %s name or ID matches '%s'",
 961                                     inf->lname, elem);
 962                 }
 963         }
 964         if (pwd == NULL) {
 965                 /*
 966                  * These used to be treated as minor warnings (and the
 967                  * option was simply ignored), but now they are fatal
 968                  * errors (and the command will be aborted).
 969                  */
 970                 optfatal = 1;
 971                 return (0);
 972         }
 973         if (inf->count >= inf->maxcount)
 974                 expand_list(inf);
 975         inf->l.uids[(inf->count)++] = pwd->pw_uid;
 976         return (1);
 977 }
 978
 979 static void
 980 add_list(struct listinfo *inf, const char *argp)
 981 {
 982         const char *savep;
 983         char *cp, *endp;
 984         int toolong;
 985         char elemcopy[PATH_MAX];
 986
 987         if (*argp == '\0')
 988                 inf->addelem(inf, argp);
 989         while (*argp != '\0') {
 990                 while (*argp != '\0' && strchr(W_SEP, *argp) != NULL)
 991                         argp++;
 992                 savep = argp;
 993                 toolong = 0;
 994                 cp = elemcopy;
 995                 if (strchr(T_SEP, *argp) == NULL) {
 996                         endp = elemcopy + sizeof(elemcopy) - 1;
 997                         while (*argp != '\0' && cp <= endp &&
 998                             strchr(W_SEP T_SEP, *argp) == NULL)
 999                                 *cp++ = *argp++;
1000                         if (cp > endp)
1001                                 toolong = 1;
1002                 }
1003                 if (!toolong) {
1004                         *cp = '\0';
1005                         /*
1006                          * Add this single element to the given list.
1007                          */
1008                         inf->addelem(inf, elemcopy);
1009                 } else {
1010                         /*
1011                          * The string is too long to copy.  Find the end
1012                          * of the string to print out the warning message.
1013                          */
1014                         while (*argp != '\0' && strchr(W_SEP T_SEP,
1015                             *argp) == NULL)
1016                                 argp++;
1017                         xo_warnx("Value too long: %.*s", (int)(argp - savep),
1018                             savep);
1019                         optfatal = 1;
1020                 }
1021                 /*
1022                  * Skip over any number of trailing whitespace characters,
1023                  * but only one (at most) trailing element-terminating
1024                  * character.
1025                  */
1026                 while (*argp != '\0' && strchr(W_SEP, *argp) != NULL)
1027                         argp++;
1028                 if (*argp != '\0' && strchr(T_SEP, *argp) != NULL) {
1029                         argp++;
1030                         /* Catch case where string ended with a comma. */
1031                         if (*argp == '\0')
1032                                 inf->addelem(inf, argp);
1033                 }
1034         }
1035 }
1036
1037 static void
1038 descendant_sort(KINFO *ki, int items)
1039 {
1040         int dst, lvl, maxlvl, n, ndst, nsrc, siblings, src;
1041         unsigned char *path;
1042         KINFO kn;
1043
1044         /*
1045          * First, sort the entries by descendancy, tracking the descendancy
1046          * depth in the ki_d.level field.
1047          */
1048         src = 0;
1049         maxlvl = 0;
1050         while (src < items) {
1051                 if (ki[src].ki_d.level) {
1052                         src++;
1053                         continue;
1054                 }
1055                 for (nsrc = 1; src + nsrc < items; nsrc++)
1056                         if (!ki[src + nsrc].ki_d.level)
1057                                 break;
1058
1059                 for (dst = 0; dst < items; dst++) {
1060                         if (ki[dst].ki_p->ki_pid == ki[src].ki_p->ki_pid)
1061                                 continue;
1062                         if (ki[dst].ki_p->ki_pid == ki[src].ki_p->ki_ppid)
1063                                 break;
1064                 }
1065
1066                 if (dst == items) {
1067                         src += nsrc;
1068                         continue;
1069                 }
1070
1071                 for (ndst = 1; dst + ndst < items; ndst++)
1072                         if (ki[dst + ndst].ki_d.level <= ki[dst].ki_d.level)
1073                                 break;
1074
1075                 for (n = src; n < src + nsrc; n++) {
1076                         ki[n].ki_d.level += ki[dst].ki_d.level + 1;
1077                         if (maxlvl < ki[n].ki_d.level)
1078                                 maxlvl = ki[n].ki_d.level;
1079                 }
1080
1081                 while (nsrc) {
1082                         if (src < dst) {
1083                                 kn = ki[src];
1084                                 memmove(ki + src, ki + src + 1,
1085                                     (dst - src + ndst - 1) * sizeof *ki);
1086                                 ki[dst + ndst - 1] = kn;
1087                                 nsrc--;
1088                                 dst--;
1089                                 ndst++;
1090                         } else if (src != dst + ndst) {
1091                                 kn = ki[src];
1092                                 memmove(ki + dst + ndst + 1, ki + dst + ndst,
1093                                     (src - dst - ndst) * sizeof *ki);
1094                                 ki[dst + ndst] = kn;
1095                                 ndst++;
1096                                 nsrc--;
1097                                 src++;
1098                         } else {
1099                                 ndst += nsrc;
1100                                 src += nsrc;
1101                                 nsrc = 0;
1102                         }
1103                 }
1104         }
1105
1106         /*
1107          * Now populate ki_d.prefix (instead of ki_d.level) with the command
1108          * prefix used to show descendancies.
1109          */
1110         path = calloc((maxlvl + 7) / 8, sizeof(unsigned char));
1111         for (src = 0; src < items; src++) {
1112                 if ((lvl = ki[src].ki_d.level) == 0) {
1113                         ki[src].ki_d.prefix = NULL;
1114                         continue;
1115                 }
1116                 if ((ki[src].ki_d.prefix = malloc(lvl * 2 + 1)) == NULL)
1117                         xo_errx(1, "malloc failed");
1118                 for (n = 0; n < lvl - 2; n++) {
1119                         ki[src].ki_d.prefix[n * 2] =
1120                             path[n / 8] & 1 << (n % 8) ? '|' : ' ';
1121                         ki[src].ki_d.prefix[n * 2 + 1] = ' ';
1122                 }
1123                 if (n == lvl - 2) {
1124                         /* Have I any more siblings? */
1125                         for (siblings = 0, dst = src + 1; dst < items; dst++) {
1126                                 if (ki[dst].ki_d.level > lvl)
1127                                         continue;
1128                                 if (ki[dst].ki_d.level == lvl)
1129                                         siblings = 1;
1130                                 break;
1131                         }
1132                         if (siblings)
1133                                 path[n / 8] |= 1 << (n % 8);
1134                         else
1135                                 path[n / 8] &= ~(1 << (n % 8));
1136                         ki[src].ki_d.prefix[n * 2] = siblings ? '|' : '`';
1137                         ki[src].ki_d.prefix[n * 2 + 1] = '-';
1138                         n++;
1139                 }
1140                 strcpy(ki[src].ki_d.prefix + n * 2, "- ");
1141         }
1142         free(path);
1143 }
1144
1145 static void *
1146 expand_list(struct listinfo *inf)
1147 {
1148         void *newlist;
1149         int newmax;
1150
1151         newmax = (inf->maxcount + 1) << 1;
1152         newlist = realloc(inf->l.ptr, newmax * inf->elemsize);
1153         if (newlist == NULL) {
1154                 free(inf->l.ptr);
1155                 xo_errx(1, "realloc to %d %ss failed", newmax, inf->lname);
1156         }
1157         inf->maxcount = newmax;
1158         inf->l.ptr = newlist;
1159
1160         return (newlist);
1161 }
1162
1163 static void
1164 free_list(struct listinfo *inf)
1165 {
1166
1167         inf->count = inf->elemsize = inf->maxcount = 0;
1168         if (inf->l.ptr != NULL)
1169                 free(inf->l.ptr);
1170         inf->addelem = NULL;
1171         inf->lname = NULL;
1172         inf->l.ptr = NULL;
1173 }
1174
1175 static void
1176 init_list(struct listinfo *inf, addelem_rtn artn, int elemsize,
1177     const char *lname)
1178 {
1179
1180         inf->count = inf->maxcount = 0;
1181         inf->elemsize = elemsize;
1182         inf->addelem = artn;
1183         inf->lname = lname;
1184         inf->l.ptr = NULL;
1185 }
1186
1187 VARENT *
1188 find_varentry(VAR *v)
1189 {
1190         struct varent *vent;
1191
1192         STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &varlist, next_ve) {
1193                 if (strcmp(vent->var->name, v->name) == 0)
1194                         return vent;
1195         }
1196         return NULL;
1197 }
1198
1199 static void
1200 scanvars(void)
1201 {
1202         struct varent *vent;
1203         VAR *v;
1204
1205         STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &varlist, next_ve) {
1206                 v = vent->var;
1207                 if (v->flag & USER)
1208                         needuser = 1;
1209                 if (v->flag & COMM)
1210                         needcomm = 1;
1211         }
1212 }
1213
1214 static void
1215 format_output(KINFO *ki)
1216 {
1217         struct varent *vent;
1218         VAR *v;
1219         KINFO_STR *ks;
1220         char *str;
1221         int len;
1222
1223         STAILQ_INIT(&ki->ki_ks);
1224         STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &varlist, next_ve) {
1225                 v = vent->var;
1226                 str = (v->oproc)(ki, vent);
1227                 ks = malloc(sizeof(*ks));
1228                 if (ks == NULL)
1229                         xo_errx(1, "malloc failed");
1230                 ks->ks_str = str;
1231                 STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ki->ki_ks, ks, ks_next);
1232                 if (str != NULL) {
1233                         len = strlen(str);
1234                 } else
1235                         len = 1; /* "-" */
1236                 if (v->width < len)
1237                         v->width = len;
1238         }
1239 }
1240
1241 static void
1242 sizevars(void)
1243 {
1244         struct varent *vent;
1245         VAR *v;
1246         int i;
1247
1248         STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &varlist, next_ve) {
1249                 v = vent->var;
1250                 i = strlen(vent->header);
1251                 if (v->width < i)
1252                         v->width = i;
1253         }
1254 }
1255
1256 static const char *
1257 fmt(char **(*fn)(kvm_t *, const struct kinfo_proc *, int), KINFO *ki,
1258     char *comm, char *thread, int maxlen)
1259 {
1260         const char *s;
1261
1262         s = fmt_argv((*fn)(kd, ki->ki_p, termwidth), comm,
1263             showthreads && ki->ki_p->ki_numthreads > 1 ? thread : NULL, maxlen);
1264         return (s);
1265 }
1266
1267 static void
1268 saveuser(KINFO *ki)
1269 {
1270         char tdname[COMMLEN + 1];
1271
1272         ki->ki_valid = 1;
1273
1274         /*
1275          * save arguments if needed
1276          */
1277         if (needcomm) {
1278                 if (ki->ki_p->ki_stat == SZOMB) {
1279                         ki->ki_args = strdup("<defunct>");
1280                 } else {
1281                         (void)snprintf(tdname, sizeof(tdname), "%s%s",
1282                             ki->ki_p->ki_tdname, ki->ki_p->ki_moretdname);
1283                         ki->ki_args = fmt(kvm_getargv, ki,
1284                             ki->ki_p->ki_comm, tdname, COMMLEN * 2 + 1);
1285                 }
1286                 if (ki->ki_args == NULL)
1287                         xo_errx(1, "malloc failed");
1288         } else {
1289                 ki->ki_args = NULL;
1290         }
1291         if (needenv) {
1292                 ki->ki_env = fmt(kvm_getenvv, ki, (char *)NULL,
1293                     (char *)NULL, 0);
1294                 if (ki->ki_env == NULL)
1295                         xo_errx(1, "malloc failed");
1296         } else {
1297                 ki->ki_env = NULL;
1298         }
1299 }
1300
1301 /* A macro used to improve the readability of pscomp(). */
1302 #define DIFF_RETURN(a, b, field) do {   \
1303         if ((a)->field != (b)->field)   \
1304                 return (((a)->field < (b)->field) ? -1 : 1);    \
1305 } while (0)
1306
1307 static int
1308 pscomp(const void *a, const void *b)
1309 {
1310         const KINFO *ka, *kb;
1311
1312         ka = a;
1313         kb = b;
1314         /* SORTCPU and SORTMEM are sorted in descending order. */
1315         if (sortby == SORTCPU)
1316                 DIFF_RETURN(kb, ka, ki_pcpu);
1317         if (sortby == SORTMEM)
1318                 DIFF_RETURN(kb, ka, ki_memsize);
1319         /*
1320          * TTY's are sorted in ascending order, except that all NODEV
1321          * processes come before all processes with a device.
1322          */
1323         if (ka->ki_p->ki_tdev != kb->ki_p->ki_tdev) {
1324                 if (ka->ki_p->ki_tdev == NODEV)
1325                         return (-1);
1326                 if (kb->ki_p->ki_tdev == NODEV)
1327                         return (1);
1328                 DIFF_RETURN(ka, kb, ki_p->ki_tdev);
1329         }
1330
1331         /* PID's and TID's (threads) are sorted in ascending order. */
1332         DIFF_RETURN(ka, kb, ki_p->ki_pid);
1333         DIFF_RETURN(ka, kb, ki_p->ki_tid);
1334         return (0);
1335 }
1336 #undef DIFF_RETURN
1337
1338 /*
1339  * ICK (all for getopt), would rather hide the ugliness
1340  * here than taint the main code.
1341  *
1342  *  ps foo -> ps -foo
1343  *  ps 34 -> ps -p34
1344  *
1345  * The old convention that 't' with no trailing tty arg means the users
1346  * tty, is only supported if argv[1] doesn't begin with a '-'.  This same
1347  * feature is available with the option 'T', which takes no argument.
1348  */
1349 static char *
1350 kludge_oldps_options(const char *optlist, char *origval, const char *nextarg)
1351 {
1352         size_t len;
1353         char *argp, *cp, *newopts, *ns, *optp, *pidp;
1354
1355         /*
1356          * See if the original value includes any option which takes an
1357          * argument (and will thus use up the remainder of the string).
1358          */
1359         argp = NULL;
1360         if (optlist != NULL) {
1361                 for (cp = origval; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1362                         optp = strchr(optlist, *cp);
1363                         if ((optp != NULL) && *(optp + 1) == ':') {
1364                                 argp = cp;
1365                                 break;
1366                         }
1367                 }
1368         }
1369         if (argp != NULL && *origval == '-')
1370                 return (origval);
1371
1372         /*
1373          * if last letter is a 't' flag with no argument (in the context
1374          * of the oldps options -- option string NOT starting with a '-' --
1375          * then convert to 'T' (meaning *this* terminal, i.e. ttyname(0)).
1376          *
1377          * However, if a flag accepting a string argument is found earlier
1378          * in the option string (including a possible `t' flag), then the
1379          * remainder of the string must be the argument to that flag; so
1380          * do not modify that argument.  Note that a trailing `t' would
1381          * cause argp to be set, if argp was not already set by some
1382          * earlier option.
1383          */
1384         len = strlen(origval);
1385         cp = origval + len - 1;
1386         pidp = NULL;
1387         if (*cp == 't' && *origval != '-' && cp == argp) {
1388                 if (nextarg == NULL || *nextarg == '-' || isdigitch(*nextarg))
1389                         *cp = 'T';
1390         } else if (argp == NULL) {
1391                 /*
1392                  * The original value did not include any option which takes
1393                  * an argument (and that would include `p' and `t'), so check
1394                  * the value for trailing number, or comma-separated list of
1395                  * numbers, which we will treat as a pid request.
1396                  */
1397                 if (isdigitch(*cp)) {
1398                         while (cp >= origval && (*cp == ',' || isdigitch(*cp)))
1399                                 --cp;
1400                         pidp = cp + 1;
1401                 }
1402         }
1403
1404         /*
1405          * If nothing needs to be added to the string, then return
1406          * the "original" (although possibly modified) value.
1407          */
1408         if (*origval == '-' && pidp == NULL)
1409                 return (origval);
1410
1411         /*
1412          * Create a copy of the string to add '-' and/or 'p' to the
1413          * original value.
1414          */
1415         if ((newopts = ns = malloc(len + 3)) == NULL)
1416                 xo_errx(1, "malloc failed");
1417
1418         if (*origval != '-')
1419                 *ns++ = '-';    /* add option flag */
1420
1421         if (pidp == NULL)
1422                 strcpy(ns, origval);
1423         else {
1424                 /*
1425                  * Copy everything before the pid string, add the `p',
1426                  * and then copy the pid string.
1427                  */
1428                 len = pidp - origval;
1429                 memcpy(ns, origval, len);
1430                 ns += len;
1431                 *ns++ = 'p';
1432                 strcpy(ns, pidp);
1433         }
1434
1435         return (newopts);
1436 }
1437
1438 static void
1439 pidmax_init(void)
1440 {
1441         size_t intsize;
1442
1443         intsize = sizeof(pid_max);
1444         if (sysctlbyname("kern.pid_max", &pid_max, &intsize, NULL, 0) < 0) {
1445                 xo_warn("unable to read kern.pid_max");
1446                 pid_max = 99999;
1447         }
1448 }
1449
1450 static void __dead2
1451 usage(void)
1452 {
1453 #define SINGLE_OPTS     "[-aCcdeHhjlmrSTuvwXxZ]"
1454
1455         xo_error("%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1456             "usage: ps [--libxo] " SINGLE_OPTS " [-O fmt | -o fmt]",
1457             "          [-G gid[,gid...]] [-J jid[,jid...]] [-M core] [-N system]",
1458             "          [-p pid[,pid...]] [-t tty[,tty...]] [-U user[,user...]]",
1459             "          [-D up | down | both]",
1460             "       ps [--libxo] -L");
1461         exit(1);
1462 }