Partially updated en_GB translation for S2_5.

[freeciv.git] / INSTALL

===================
Installing Freeciv:
===================

This file describes how to compile and install Freeciv. Last time we
made sure this file is up to date was 16-Jul-06.
Last minor update was 06-Jun-14.

There may be a localized version of this file in the ./doc directory,
named INSTALL.<locale> (e.g., INSTALL.de).

This document contains sections and subsections as follows:
     0. Prerequisites:
     1. Prerequisites for the clients:
          1a. Prerequisites for the Gtk2 client:
          1b. Prerequisites for the Gtk3 client:
          1c. Prerequisites for the SDL client:
          1d. Prerequisites for the Xaw client:
          1e. Prerequisites for the Qt client:
     2. Generating Makefiles
          2a. Generating the Makefile for svn versions:
          2b. Generating the Makefile for release versions:
     3. Compiling Freeciv:
     4. Installation:
     5. Native Language Support:
     6. Readline Support:
     7. Reinier's Solaris Installation Notes:
     8. Reinier's libXpm Solaris Installation Notes:
     9. Mac OS X and Darwin notes:
    10. Debian GNU/Linux notes:
    11. Windows notes:


0. Prerequisites:
=================

Freeciv has a number of prerequisites.  Note, that apart from the first
prerequisite, the Freeciv configuration process is smart enough to work
out whether your system is suitable.  If in doubt, just try it.

 - Unix (or similar)

   The Unix operating system, a work-alike such as Linux or FreeBSD,
   or some OS that provides a very Unix-like personality or mode, like
   EMX under OS/2 or the Cygnus Cygwin toolkit under Windows.
   (See http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/).  Support for
   BSD-style TCP/IP sockets is essential, as is a Bourne-shell
   compatible shell, such as GNU "bash".  (Most Unixes fit the bill...)

 - An ANSI C compiler.

   Freeciv is written in very portable (almost) ANSI C.  Both 32- and 64-
   bit machines are supported.  You cannot use a "K&R C" compiler, or
   a C++ compiler.

   Development of Freeciv is primarily done with "gcc", the GNU
   project's excellent C compiler.  Releases can be compiled with gcc
   or most other compilers (such as the unbundled Solaris C compiler).
   Note that there have been reports that gcc with -O3 miscompiled
   freeciv.

 - A "make" program.

   Freeciv developers generally use "gmake", the GNU make program.

   Officially released versions of Freeciv are designed to have
   makefiles which work with most make programs.

   You can check if you have GNU make installed on your system by
   typing:

    % make -v                   [and if this doesn't work, try "gmake -v"]

   The output should include "GNU Make" somewhere.

The svn version has additional requirements. A release version
contains the generated files.

 - The programs from GNU gettext version 0.10.36 or better

   Especial the xgettext program is required to create the *.gmo
   files which aren't included in the svn tree.

 - GNU autoconf version 2.61 or better

   Autoconf is required to create configure from configure.ac.

 - GNU automake version 1.9 or better

   Automake is required to create the various Makefile.in from
   Makefile.am.

1. Prerequisites for the clients:
=================================

The Freeciv client comes in the following forms:
* Gtk+ 2.0 widget library ("Gtk+ 2.0").
* Gtk+ 3.0 widget library ("Gtk+ 3.0").
* X Athena Widgets library ("Xaw").
* SDL
* Qt

These forms have different prerequisites, explained separately below.

Your system will need to satisfy at least one of these sets of prerequisites.

Note that most Linux systems have separate library packages for "runtime" 
library support and for development support (for compiling programs 
which use those libraries).  To compile Freeciv on such systems you 
will need to have the appropriate "development" packages installed.


1a. Prerequisites for the Gtk+ 2.0 client:
==========================================

 - "pkg-config".

   "pkg-config" is a system for managing library compile/link flags that
   works with automake and autoconf. You may obtain it at:

      http://pkgconfig.freedesktop.org/releases/pkg-config-0.26.tar.gz

 - The "Glib" utility library.

   The "Glib" utility library provides non-graphical functions used by the
   "Gdk" and "Gtk+" libraries, like hash tables, single linked lists, etc.

   Freeciv requires a version of "Glib" greater or equal to 2.6.0.

   If the Freeciv configure process tells you that you don't have the
   Glib library installed, then it may be obtained from here:

     http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/glib/2.30/glib-2.30.2.tar.xz

 - The "Atk" accessibility library.

   The "Atk" library provides a set of interfaces for accessibility.
   It allows people with disabilities to utilize all the functionality
   provided by Gtk+ apps. You may obtain it at:

     http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/atk/2.2/atk-2.2.0.tar.xz

 - The "Pango" text layout and rendering library.

   "Pango" is library for layout and rendering of text, with an emphasis
   on internationalization. You may obtain it at:

     http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/gnome/sources/pango/1.28/pango-1.28.4.tar.bz2

 - The "Gtk+" widget library.

   The "Gtk+" widget library was designed for the GIMP graphics program.
   Since then it has gained popularity as an easy to program, free toolkit.

   "Gtk+ 2" is the default client. If you don't specify any client with
   "--enable-client" to configure, you will get "Gtk+ 2" client.

   The "Gtk+" library comes with two companion libraries:

     "Gdk":
       Provides an abstraction layer over X-Windows/LinuxFB/Win32 to implement
       basic drawing functions, windows, clipping, etc.

     "GdkPixbuf":
       Provides image loading/saving facilities.

   Freeciv requires a version of "Gtk+" greater or equal to 2.12.0.

   If the Freeciv configure process tells you that you don't have the
   Gtk+ library installed, then it may be obtained from here:

     http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/gnome/sources/gtk+/2.24/gtk+-2.24.9.tar.xz

   "Gtk+" depends on the "Glib", "Atk" and "Pango" libraries.

If you are going to make these yourself, build and install them in the
following order: pkg-config, Glib, Atk, Pango, Gtk+.

1b. Prerequisites for the Gtk+ 3.0 client:
==========================================

 - "pkg-config".

   "pkg-config" is a system for managing library compile/link flags that
   works with automake and autoconf. You may obtain it at:

      http://pkgconfig.freedesktop.org/releases/pkg-config-0.28.tar.gz

 - The "Glib" utility library.

   The "Glib" utility library provides non-graphical functions used by the
   "Gdk" and "Gtk+" libraries, like hash tables, single linked lists, etc.

   Freeciv requires a version of "Glib" greater or equal to 2.32

   If the Freeciv configure process tells you that you don't have the
   Glib library installed, then it may be obtained from here:

     http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/glib/2.36/glib-2.36.1.tar.xz

 - The "Atk" accessibility library.

   The "Atk" library provides a set of interfaces for accessibility.
   It allows people with disabilities to utilize all the functionality
   provided by Gtk+ apps. You may obtain it at:

     http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/atk/2.8/atk-2.8.0.tar.xz

 - The "Pango" text layout and rendering library.

   "Pango" is library for layout and rendering of text, with an emphasis
   on internationalization. You may obtain it at:

     http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/pango/1.34/pango-1.34.0.tar.xz

 - The "Gdk-Pixbuf" image loading/saving library

   "Gdk-Pixbuf" used to be part of "Gtk+" itself, but is now separate
   project. It may be obtained from:

     http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/gdk-pixbuf/2.28/gdk-pixbuf-2.28.1.tar.xz

 - The "Gtk+" widget library.

   The "Gtk+" widget library was designed for the GIMP graphics program.
   Since then it has gained popularity as an easy to program, free toolkit.

   The "Gtk+" library comes with one companion libraries:

     "Gdk":
       Provides an abstraction layer over X-Windows/LinuxFB/Win32 to implement
       basic drawing functions, windows, clipping, etc.

   Freeciv requires a version of "Gtk+" greater or equal to 3.4.0.

   If the Freeciv configure process tells you that you don't have the
   Gtk+ library installed, then it may be obtained from here:

     http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/gtk+/3.8/gtk+-3.8.1.tar.xz

   "Gtk+" depends on the "Glib", "Atk", "Gdk-Pixbuf", and "Pango" libraries.

If you are going to make these yourself, build and install them in the
following order: pkg-config, Glib, Atk, Pango, Gdk-Pixbuf, Gtk+.

1c. Prerequisites for the SDL client:
=====================================

 - The "SDL" library.

   "Simple DirectMedia Layer is a cross-platform multimedia library designed
    to provide low level access to audio, keyboard, mouse, joystick, 3D hardware
    via OpenGL, and 2D video framebuffer." (http://www.libsdl.org)
    
   These features make it a good choice for portable games. You may obtain it
   at:
    
   http://www.libsdl.org/release/SDL-1.2.11.tar.gz

   To compile the client using the "SDL" library add "--enable-client=sdl"
   to the Freeciv configure script.  See the section below for more 
   information about the configure script.
    
 - The "SDL_image" library.
 
   This library loads the PNG images (with the help of libpng) and converts
   them to "SDL surfaces" that can be handled by the "SDL" library. You may
   obtain it at:

   http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_image/release/SDL_image-1.2.12.tar.gz

 - The "SDL_gfx" library.

   http://www.ferzkopp.net/Software/SDL_gfx-2.0/SDL_gfx-2.0.25.tar.gz

 - The "SDL_ttf" library.

   http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_ttf/release/SDL_ttf-2.0.11.tar.gz

 - The "freetype" library.

   This library helps to render text for the SDL client, using an externally
   provided TrueType font. You may obtain it at:
   
   http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/freetype-2.3.2.tar.gz
   
 
1d. Prerequisites for the Xaw client:
=====================================

 - X-Windows.

   The Freeciv Xaw client is an X-Windows program, so you'll need 
   some way of running X-Windows programs.  (Most Unixes can...)

   If the Freeciv configuration program can't find X Windows on
   your system, you may need to use the --x-includes=DIR
   and --x-libraries=DIR options.

 - The "Athena" widget library.

   This library (also known as "Xaw") is usually supplied standard
   with the rest of X Windows, but some platforms (HP-UX 10 for
   example) only provide it in a limited form.

   To compile the client using the "Xaw" library add "--enable-client=xaw"
   to the Freeciv configure script.  See the section below for more 
   information about the configure script.

   Many modern Unix systems (such as Linux) ship with a variant called
   "Xaw3d", which has a more modern "3D" look.  If you'd like to try
   compiling with Xaw3d, then add "--with-xaw3d" to the Freeciv
   configure script.

   There are also other variants of Xaw, such as Nextaw.  Freeciv
   does not work with these, although it should be possible to modify
   it in the same fashion as for Xaw3d.  Another tool which may help
   is called "xaw_wrappers", although how to use it is beyond the
   scope of this file.

 - The "Xpm" library.

   This library is essential for icon and bitmap handling.  It is in
   wide use, and is supplied standard on most modern Unix machines,
   although it may be missing on traditional or older Unixes, eg,
   Solaris.

   When you run the Freeciv configure script, it may be necessary for
   you to use the "--with-xpm-prefix=DIR" command-line option, where
   DIR is the name of the directory containing the "include" and "lib"
   subdirectories where Xpm may be found.

   If the Freeciv configure process tells you that you don't have the
   Xpm library installed, then it may be obtained from here:

     ftp://koala.inria.fr/pub/xpm/xpm-3.4k.tar.gz
     ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/xpm-3.4k.tar.gz

   Install it as you would any other package.  If you can't install
   it in a standard system directory, then use the --with-xpm-prefix
   option, as described above.

   If you have problems installing libXpm on Solaris, or don't want to
   install it as root, see Reinier's libXpm Solaris Installation Notes
   section near the end of this file.

 - A suitable font.

   To run the Xaw client a suitable font is required. The X fonts should do.
   If the Xaw client complains about not being able to open a font your X
   installation probably don't have them. X fonts can be obtained from:

     http://xorg.freedesktop.org/releases/individual/font/

   If you use Debian you can install the package named xfonts-base in stead.
   After installing a suitable font and restarting X the problem should go
   away.

1e. Prerequisites for the Qt client:
====================================

 - C++ compiler.

   Qt-client is written in C++, so you need appropriate compiler.
   In Freeciv development, g++ has been used.

 - Qt5Core, Qt5Gui, and Qt5Widgets libraries and headers


2. Generating Makefiles
=======================
This section contains two parts, one for generating makefiles from svn
versions and one for generating makefiles from release versions.

2a. Generating the Makefile for svn versions:
=============================================

This step is only needed for svn versions.

To create the makefile just type

 % ./autogen.sh

This will create the configure script and will run it. All parameters
of autogen.sh are passed to configure. Read the next section about the
parameters which can be passed to configure.

2b. Generating the Makefile for release versions:
=================================================

Before you compile Freeciv, you must generate a Makefile.  This makefile
is configured to suit the features available on your machine.

This configuration is done using the GNU "configure" script.

To use "configure", "cd" into the top directory containing the Freeciv
files, and type:

 % ./configure

This script will then attempt to determine the relevant features (and
misfeatures!!) of your system.  It should print a page or two of
diagnostics about your machine, then stop gracefully.

If you'd like help on the various options supported by the configure
script, try the --help option, like this:

 % ./configure --help

By default the configure script will choose the Gtk+ client if the 
required libraries are found. If you prefer to override this default,
you can give configure the "--enable-client=xaw" option.

If you want to change the compiler options, set the CFLAGS environment
variable in your shell before running "configure".  For example:

 % CFLAGS="-O -g -pipe" ./configure   [for people using Bourne shell or bash]

or

 % setenv CFLAGS "-O -g -pipe"
 % ./configure                        [for people using C shell or tcsh]

If you're tracking down a "core dump", we suggest that you use
a value of "-g" for CFLAGS.

When you install Freeciv (later), the game components will be copied into
subdirectories of /usr/local by default.  If you would like to use some
other installation prefix besides /usr/local, you should specify it now:

 % ./configure --prefix=/opt/freeciv

If for some reason using "configure" gives you trouble, follow these steps:

  - Read the prerequisites section carefully, to determine if your
    system meets all the requirements.

  - If you are compiling the Xaw version of the client: Ensure that
    you have both the Xpm and Xaw libraries installed on your system.
    Make sure that the configure script can find them, either by
    installing them in the standard places on your system, or by
    instructing the configure script with the appropriate command-line
    options.  (See ./configure --help).

  - If the problem is with "gettext", please read the Native Language
    Support section, below, for possible work-arounds.

  - Let us know, so that we can fix it for the next release!!

    Send mail to the freeciv-dev mailing list, telling us what you did,
    and what the result is.  It would be helpful to include the output
    of the configure script, and the contents of the "config.status",
    "config.cache" and "config.log" files, which are generated by the
    configure script.

    You can find out about the freeciv-dev mailing list on our web
    site, at http://www.freeciv.org/


3. Compiling Freeciv:
=====================

If all has gone well previous to this point, then compiling Freeciv
should be as easy as typing "make" (or preferably, "gmake").

If you have problems, read the file BUGS, and follow the advice 
carefully.  If the problem is with "gettext", please read the Native
Language Support section, below, for possible work-arounds.

After compilation, the important results are:

  - The "client/freeciv-<GUI>" and "server/freeciv-server" binaries.
  - The "data/" directory, which contains the graphics and scenarios.
  - The "translations/" directory, which contains the localization files.
  - The "fcgui" and "fcser" scripts.

It's perfectly feasible to play Freeciv in this directory, without
installing it.  If you do this, the "fcgui" and "fcser" scripts may be
useful, although they are not as necessary as they used to be.

See the README file for more information.

(However you cannot use Internationalization when playing Freeciv from
the source directory; you must install Freeciv for that.)


4. Installation:
================

Installing Freeciv involves installing the components mentioned in the
Compiling Freeciv section.  These need to be copied to a directory such
as /usr/local (the default), /usr/games, /usr/games/freeciv,
/usr/local/freeciv, or some other suitable directory.

Typing "make install" should install everything correctly on your machine.
You may like to use the --prefix=DIR configure option (see the Generating
the Makefile section) to ensure the files get placed where you want.

When the Freeciv client and Freeciv server are run they both need to 
find some files from the "data" directory.  By default freeciv looks
in the following directories, in order, for any data files: the current 
directory; the "data" subdirectory of the current directory; the 
subdirectory ".freeciv" in the user's home directory; and the directory
where the files are placed by running "make install".  You can override
this search patch by setting the FREECIV_PATH environment variable, to
a single directory or a list of directories separated by colons.

For example:

  % setenv FREECIV_PATH "/usr/games/freeciv/data:./data"
  (for users of csh, tcsh, etc.)

  % FREECIV_PATH="/usr/games/freeciv/data:./data"; export FREECIV_PATH
  (for users of sh, bash, ksh, zsh, etc.)

Also, note that you generally must install Freeciv if you wish to use
its Native Language Support.  See the README file for more information.

Finally, if you've chosen to use the Xaw client and you have permission
to log in as the 'root' user, you should consider copying the resource
file data/Freeciv into your app-defaults directory. (Usually this is
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults).


5. Native Language Support:
===========================

Freeciv uses the "gettext" system for Native Language Support.

If you experience problems with gettext in either configuring or compiling
Freeciv, there are a few work-arounds you can try:

1. If you don't need Native Language Support, disable it using the
   "--disable-nls" ./configure option:

      % ./configure --disable-nls
      % make

2. You can try to install the latest version of GNU gettext.
   It may be obtained from here:

      ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.16.1.tar.gz


6. Readline Support:
====================

Freeciv has optional support for the readline library.

Readline support is what makes the server command line behave sensibly,
making it possible to
 - Use the backspace key.
 - Use the cursor to move back and forth on the line you have written.
 - Use TAB completion of commands and command arguments. Ie, when you
   push tab the server will finish the word for you if there is only one
   possible choice.
 - Use the up and down cursor to scroll through the history of previously
   entered commands.
 - etc.

The configure script will check if you have the readline library correctly
installed. If so it will automatically set up the makefiles so that readline
is compiled into the server. If not then it will just silently configure
without readline support.
You can force configure to include readline or die trying by giving
configure the --with-readline option:

 % ./configure --with-readline

Some linux distributions (and possibly other operating systems) have
readline version 4 incorrectly installed, so that readline is not
set up to declare it's dynamic dependencies. In that case configure
will try to guess which extra libs it should link against and add them.
The configure script will give a warning if it had to add extra libs
to make readline work. This should be harmless, and is just meant as
a reminder to the folks who distribute readline. :)

7. Reinier's Solaris Installation Notes:
========================================

Solaris (2.5 and up) has its own version of X in /usr/openwin, its own
version of make in /usr/ccs/bin/make, and its own compiler (to be purchased
separately) which, if you have it, is available in /opt/SUNWspro/bin.
Solaris does not provide the XPM library, which is required for the Xaw
client; it doesn't provide any of the stuff required for imlib, gdk and gtk,
either, which is required to build the GTK+ client.  However, with some
patience, everything can be compiled without problems.

For information on how to install XPM on Solaris, see the next section.

Many Solaris installations also have MIT X (usually, in /usr/X11), GNU make,
the gcc compiler, and the XPM library installed somewhere.  The standard
command "./configure && make" may not be able to find your XPM library and
it is likely to confuse the different versions.

Make sure your environment variables, especially $PATH and $LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
and the ./configure options do not point to an inconsistent set of software,
and compiling will be fine.

A simple recipe to compile with Sun X, Sun make and Sun cc, assuming the xpm
libraries are on their own in the nonstandard location /path/to/xpm:

  % setenv PATH /opt/SUNWspro/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin
  % unsetenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  % ./configure --with-xpm-prefix=/path/to/xpm
  % make

You can set up your $PATH and ./configure to use only GNU
tools.  Furthermore, Freeciv is known to compile with MIT X, and with
certain combinations of GNU and Sun tools.  The exact recipes depend on your
local installation.


8. Reinier's libXpm Solaris Installation Notes:
===============================================

When I was root on my Solaris system, I *still* didn't want to install
third-party software as root.  It's bad practice.

Unfortunately, the libXpm installation procedure assumes installation
in /usr/openwin, which is owned by root.  But it's not all that hard to
get around that.

Caveats:

 - Make sure /usr/ucb/install is in your $PATH before /usr/bin/install,
   otherwise 'make install' will break with strange error messages.

 - The destination you want to install to can be specified with $DESTDIR;
   however, installation will actually take place in $DESTDIR/$OPENWINDIR,
   so the additional $OPENWINDIR subdir must be stripped afterwards
   (changing the value of $OPENWINHOME doesn't work).

The Procedure:

 - Get the source from somewhere, untar it, cd into the source directory,
   and issue:

     % setenv MYXPMDEST /usr/local   # or wherever you want to install it
     % xmkmf; make Makefiles includes depend; make
     % setenv PATH /usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:$PATH
     % make DESTDIR=$MYXPMDEST install
     % make DESTDIR=$MYXPMDEST install.man
     % cd $MYXPMDEST; mv ./$OPENWINHOME/* .; rm -rf ./$OPENWINHOME

   (If you use sh, bash, ksh, zsh, etc., the "setenv"s above should be:
     % MYXPMDEST=/usr/local; export MYXPMDEST
     % PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:$PATH
   .)

 - You can now configure Freeciv with

     % ./configure --with-xpm-prefix=$MYXPMDEST

   which will add the proper -I/-L/-R options to the compile and link
   commands.


9. Mac OS X and Darwin notes:
=============================

Apple's version of GCC uses precompiled headers that does not support
vararg macros (a GCC extension).  This causes GCC to fail when
compiling Freeciv since the compiler is otherwise (mostly)
indistinguishable from vanilla GCC.  So instead of the usual

  % ./configure <...>

you should use either

 Bourne shell:
   $ CC="gcc -no-cpp-precomp" ./configure <...>

or

 C shell:
   % env CC="gcc -no-cpp-precomp" ./configure <...>

depending on whether your shell is a Bourne or C shell variant.  (If
in doubt, just try both to see which one will work.)

Replace <...> with whatever additional arguments you want to give to
configure.


10. Debian GNU/Linux notes:
===========================

To compile freeciv on a debian system you need the following packages:

 Common requirements:
   gcc
   libc6-dev
   libreadline4-dev
   zlib1g-dev
   xlib6g-dev

 For the xaw client:
   xaw3dg-dev
   libxpm4-dev

If you want to compile the xaw client you should give configure the
argument --with-xaw3d, ie

  % ./configure --with-xaw3d

If you need to run aclocal (if you don't know what aclocal is then you
don't need it) you also need to install imlib-dev to get the
AM_PATH_GDK_IMLIB macro. It is a bug in debian that this macro isn't
in gdk-imlib-dev, and it will hopefully be fixed in future debian
releases.

11. Windows notes:
==================

Windows version of Freeciv can be built either with MinGW or Cygwin.
Official Windows binaries are built with MinGW, and they are self-contained
packages. For using Cygwin version, you need Cygwin environment installed.

Build instructions for MinGW versions are documented on top of file
win32/installer/Makefile

Cygwin specific installation notes can be found in doc/INSTALL.Cygwin.

** END **