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  13 <h1 id="gnufreedocumentationlicense">GNU Free Documentation License</h1>
  14 <div class="level1">
  15 <pre class="code">                  GNU Free Documentation License
  16                     Version 1.2, November 2002
  17
  18
  19  Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  20      51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
  21  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  22  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  23
  24
  25 0. PREAMBLE
  26
  27 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
  28 functional and useful document &quot;free&quot; in the sense of freedom: to
  29 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
  30 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
  31 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
  32 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
  33 for modifications made by others.
  34
  35 This License is a kind of &quot;copyleft&quot;, which means that derivative
  36 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
  37 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
  38 license designed for free software.
  39
  40 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
  41 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
  42 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
  43 software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
  44 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
  45 whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
  46 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
  47
  48
  49 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
  50
  51 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
  52 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
  53 distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
  54 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
  55 work under the conditions stated herein.  The &quot;Document&quot;, below,
  56 refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
  57 licensee, and is addressed as &quot;you&quot;.  You accept the license if you
  58 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
  59 under copyright law.
  60
  61 A &quot;Modified Version&quot; of the Document means any work containing the
  62 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
  63 modifications and/or translated into another language.
  64
  65 A &quot;Secondary Section&quot; is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
  66 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
  67 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document&#039;s overall subject
  68 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
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  72 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
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  74 them.
  75
  76 The &quot;Invariant Sections&quot; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
  77 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
  78 that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
  79 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
  80 allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
  81 Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
  82 Sections then there are none.
  83
  84 The &quot;Cover Texts&quot; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
  85 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
  86 the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
  87 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
  88
  89 A &quot;Transparent&quot; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
  90 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
  91 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
  92 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
  93 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
  94 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
  95 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
  96 to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
  97 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
  98 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
  99 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
 100 of text.  A copy that is not &quot;Transparent&quot; is called &quot;Opaque&quot;.
 101
 102 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
 103 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
 104 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
 105 HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
 106 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
 107 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
 108 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
 109 processing tools are not generally available, and the
 110 machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
 111 processors for output purposes only.
 112
 113 The &quot;Title Page&quot; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
 114 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
 115 this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
 116 formats which do not have any title page as such, &quot;Title Page&quot; means
 117 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work&#039;s title,
 118 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
 119
 120 A section &quot;Entitled XYZ&quot; means a named subunit of the Document whose
 121 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
 122 text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
 123 specific section name mentioned below, such as &quot;Acknowledgements&quot;,
 124 &quot;Dedications&quot;, &quot;Endorsements&quot;, or &quot;History&quot;.)  To &quot;Preserve the Title&quot;
 125 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
 126 section &quot;Entitled XYZ&quot; according to this definition.
 127
 128 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
 129 states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
 130 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
 131 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
 132 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
 133 no effect on the meaning of this License.
 134
 135
 136 2. VERBATIM COPYING
 137
 138 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
 139 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
 140 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
 141 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
 142 conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
 143 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
 144 copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
 145 compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
 146 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
 147
 148 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
 149 you may publicly display copies.
 150
 151
 152 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
 153
 154 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
 155 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
 156 Document&#039;s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
 157 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
 158 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
 159 the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
 160 you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
 161 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
 162 visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
 163 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
 164 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
 165 as verbatim copying in other respects.
 166
 167 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
 168 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
 169 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
 170 pages.
 171
 172 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
 173 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
 174 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
 175 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
 176 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
 177 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
 178 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
 179 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
 180 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
 181 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
 182 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
 183 edition to the public.
 184
 185 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
 186 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
 187 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
 188
 189
 190 4. MODIFICATIONS
 191
 192 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
 193 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
 194 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
 195 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
 196 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
 197 of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
 198
 199 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
 200    from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
 201    (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
 202    of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
 203    if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
 204 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
 205    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
 206    Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
 207    Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
 208    unless they release you from this requirement.
 209 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
 210    Modified Version, as the publisher.
 211 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
 212 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
 213    adjacent to the other copyright notices.
 214 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
 215    giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
 216    terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
 217 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
 218    and required Cover Texts given in the Document&#039;s license notice.
 219 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
 220 I. Preserve the section Entitled &quot;History&quot;, Preserve its Title, and add
 221    to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
 222    publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
 223    there is no section Entitled &quot;History&quot; in the Document, create one
 224    stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
 225    given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
 226    Version as stated in the previous sentence.
 227 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
 228    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
 229    the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
 230    it was based on.  These may be placed in the &quot;History&quot; section.
 231    You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
 232    least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
 233    publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
 234 K. For any section Entitled &quot;Acknowledgements&quot; or &quot;Dedications&quot;,
 235    Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
 236    the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
 237    and/or dedications given therein.
 238 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
 239    unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
 240    or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
 241 M. Delete any section Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;.  Such a section
 242    may not be included in the Modified Version.
 243 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;
 244    or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
 245 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
 246
 247 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
 248 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
 249 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
 250 of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
 251 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version&#039;s license notice.
 252 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
 253
 254 You may add a section Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;, provided it contains
 255 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
 256 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
 257 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
 258 standard.
 259
 260 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
 261 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
 262 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
 263 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
 264 through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
 265 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
 266 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
 267 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
 268 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
 269
 270 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
 271 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
 272 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
 273
 274
 275 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
 276
 277 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
 278 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
 279 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
 280 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
 281 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
 282 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
 283
 284 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
 285 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
 286 copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
 287 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
 288 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
 289 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
 290 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
 291 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
 292
 293 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &quot;History&quot;
 294 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
 295 &quot;History&quot;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &quot;Acknowledgements&quot;,
 296 and any sections Entitled &quot;Dedications&quot;.  You must delete all sections
 297 Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;.
 298
 299
 300 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
 301
 302 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
 303 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
 304 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
 305 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
 306 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
 307
 308 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
 309 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
 310 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
 311 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
 312
 313
 314 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
 315
 316 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
 317 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
 318 distribution medium, is called an &quot;aggregate&quot; if the copyright
 319 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
 320 of the compilation&#039;s users beyond what the individual works permit.
 321 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
 322 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
 323 derivative works of the Document.
 324
 325 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
 326 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
 327 the entire aggregate, the Document&#039;s Cover Texts may be placed on
 328 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
 329 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
 330 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
 331 aggregate.
 332
 333
 334 8. TRANSLATION
 335
 336 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
 337 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
 338 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
 339 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
 340 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
 341 original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
 342 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
 343 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
 344 the original English version of this License and the original versions
 345 of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
 346 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
 347 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
 348
 349 If a section in the Document is Entitled &quot;Acknowledgements&quot;,
 350 &quot;Dedications&quot;, or &quot;History&quot;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
 351 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
 352 title.
 353
 354
 355 9. TERMINATION
 356
 357 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
 358 as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
 359 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
 360 automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
 361 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
 362 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
 363 parties remain in full compliance.
 364
 365
 366 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
 367
 368 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
 369 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
 370 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
 371 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
 372 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
 373
 374 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
 375 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
 376 License &quot;or any later version&quot; applies to it, you have the option of
 377 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
 378 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
 379 Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
 380 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
 381 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
 382
 383
 384 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
 385
 386 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
 387 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
 388 license notices just after the title page:
 389
 390     Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
 391     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 392     under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
 393     or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
 394     with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
 395     A copy of the license is included in the section entitled &quot;GNU
 396     Free Documentation License&quot;.
 397
 398 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
 399 replace the &quot;with...Texts.&quot; line with this:
 400
 401     with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
 402     Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
 403
 404 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
 405 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
 406 situation.
 407
 408 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
 409 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
 410 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
 411 to permit their use in free software.</pre>
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