7 GFF3 Validation Tutorial
11 This package contains code for validating a GFF3 file. Validation can be performed using the command-line script or
14 In either case, analysis is performed using the GFF3::Validator module.
16 This module, parses the GFF3 file, loads data into a MySQL/SQLite database, performs a number of analysis steps and produces a report file.
18 This document details the analysis steps performed. The command-line script and the web script generate a Validator object,
19 managing I/O and run Validator object methods, and provide the results to the user.
21 =head2 Analysis and Validation Steps
23 =head3 Parsing and Format Validation
25 In this step, the GFF3 file is read from beginning to end, lines are parsed and formatting errors are recorded.
26 Feature lines and directives are stored in two separate tables for further processing. Malformed directives, comments
27 and FASTA lines are not loaded into the database. Parseable parts of feature lines are loaded into the database.
28 The implication of this is that, if a line is not parseable, it will be disregarded in further analysis. For example,
29 (i) if feature A has a parent feature A and (ii) feature A cannot be parsed and loaded, (iii) in downstream analysis,
30 since feature A points to an invalid feature, this will be raised as an error.
32 The following points are validated at this step:
34 - spaces at the end of lines are allowed and disregarded
35 - empty lines, comments (starting with a single #) are disregarded
36 - '>' implies a '##FASTA' directive, following lines that follow are disegarded
38 - the following directives are recognized and checked for format
39 multiple spaces in the format are treated as single space
41 - ##gff-version version
42 - must be "##gff-version 3"
43 - must be present and be the first line
45 - ##sequence-region seqid end
46 - must have the format "##sequence-region \S+ \d+ \d+"
48 - ##feature-ontology URI
50 - ##attribute-ontology URI
51 - cannot be used now, reserved for future use
53 - ##source-ontology URI
54 - cannot be used now, reserved for future use
59 - lines following this directive are disregarded
61 - the following checks are performed on feature lines:
63 - must be exactly 9 fields
64 - fields are split on single tabs
65 - empty fields must have a dot
67 - individual fields are processed as follows:
70 - only following characters are allowed [a-zA-Z0-9\.\:\^\*\$\@\!\+\_\?\-\|\%]
71 - cannot be empty (dot)
74 - only following characters are allowed [a-zA-Z0-9\.\: \^\*\$\@\!\+\_\?\-\%]
78 - only following characters are allowed [a-zA-Z0-9\.\: \^\*\$\@\!\+\_\?\-]
79 - cannot be empty (dot)
81 - fields 4 and 5: start and end
83 - must be in 1-based coordinate system
84 - end must be greater than or equal to start
85 - cannot be empty (dot)
88 - must be a floating number (e.g. "1.2", "5", "1e-10", "-1e+10")
89 (for scientific notation: /^[\+\-]{0,1}\d+(e|E)[\+\-]\d+$/ is used)
99 - must be 0, 1 or 2 for CDS features
101 - field 9: attributes
103 - attributes are in tag=value format, separated by semicolon (tag=value pairs split on semicolon)
104 - tag=value pairs are parsed based on first equals sign
105 - value cannot contain an unescaped equals sign
106 - each tag should must appear only once, multiple values can be provided to a tag
108 - tag cannot have a preceding or leading space and cannot be empty
109 - value cannot be empty
110 - first-upprcase tags are reserved, only the following are recognized and checked as follows
113 - there can be only one ID in a single line
120 - parents are captured for further analysis
123 - format must be target_id start end [strand]
124 - multiple spaces can be used
127 - format checked, e.g. Gap=M8 D3 M6 I1 M6
128 - the following operations are allowed: [MIDFRmidfr]
129 - multiple spaces can be used
132 - derives_from parents are captured for further analysis
136 - format checked for DBTAG:ID (split on first colon)
139 - format checked for DBTAG:ID (split on first colon)
141 =head3 Unique ID Validation
143 ID attributes provided for features must be unique throughout the gff3 file. These ID's are used to
144 make "part_of" (Parent) associations between features. Each line, if contains an ID, must be unique.
145 For multi-feature features, such as alignments, multiple lines can share the same ID. If this is the case,
146 the seqid, source, type (method), strand, target name and all other attributes other than target must be the same.
148 This step goes through the features that have an ID and checks for uniqueness, taking into account
151 Unique features are marked as unique. Features that illegally share the same ID are marked as non-unique.
152 This information is later used for further processing.
154 =head3 Loading Ontology
156 GFF3 requires types of features to be coming from an ontology and Parent relationships to be valid "part_of" relationships
157 based on the ontology. In this step, the ontology that will be used as the basis of this analysis is loaded.
159 GFF3 specs allow the ontology to be loaded by the ##feature-ontology directive. Multiple ontologies can be loaded,
160 in which case, they need to be merged and used for the analysis. If they are not provided, the ontology defaults to SOFA.
162 In this validation implementation, the following rule is used:
164 - Ontology files provided in the command line and ##feature-ontology directives are
165 retrieved. If at least one of these files are retrieved, that ontology file is loaded in memory
166 and used for the analysis.
168 - If no ontology files are provided in the command-line and ##feature-ontology directives, or
169 if they are provided but none of them are accesible, default ontology file provided in the
170 configuration file is retrieved and used for the analysis. If it is not accessible either,
171 an error is recorded and loading ontology, type field validation, parent and derives_from
172 validation steps are skipped.
174 For retrieval of ontologies, the following rule is used:
176 - the URIs that begin with http:, ftp:, file: are retrieved
178 - the URIs that begin with other <protocol>: are not retrieved
179 - other URIs are treated as local file names and ther existence is checked
181 =head3 "type" Field Validation
183 GFF3 file type fields must be valid ontology terms (names or accession numbers). In this step, the type fields are
184 validated against the ontology, as loaded in the previous step. This step is skipped if no ontology can be loaded.
186 Features are marked as valid or invalid. This information is later used for further processing.
188 =head3 "part_of" Relationship Validation
190 For features in a GFF3 file, Parent attribute, if provided, indicates that the feature is "part_of" the feature,
191 assigned as Parent. The feature type of the parent and the feature type of the child must be terms that
192 can have a part_of relationship based on the ontology. Circular assignments are checked at this step as well
193 (e.g. if C is parent of B, B is parent of A, then A cannot be parent of B or C).
194 or the parent have in-valid types, or parent has a non-unique ID.
196 These checks are not performed if either the child or the parent have invalid types, or parent has a non-unique
197 ID or does not exist (These cases are recorded separately as erros).
199 This step is skipped if no ontology can be loaded.
201 =head3 "derives_from" Relationship Validation
203 Similar to Parent attribute, Derives_from attribute, if provided, indicates that the feature "derives_from" the feature,
204 assigned as Derives_from. The feature type of the parent and the feature type of the child must be terms that
205 can have a derives_from relationship based on the ontology.
207 Unlike Parent assignments, Derives_from assignments are checked for one level only.
209 *** Currently type validation for Derives_from assignments is disabled. ***
211 These checks are not performed if either the child or the parent have invalid types, or parent has a non-unique
212 ID or does not exist (These cases are recorded separately as erros).
214 This step is skipped if no ontology can be loaded.
216 =head2 Report Generation
218 At the end of analysis, errors and warnings are compiled into a single list, sorted by their line numbers.
222 =head3 Command-line tool
224 - Copy over lib/GFF3/Validator.pm. Adjust your Perl library paths to make it accesible.
226 - Create a writable temporary directory and include path to it in the configuration file.
228 - Use validate_gff3.pl validation script with its configuration file, validate_gff3.cfg.
230 - For usage information on validate_gff3.pl, use:
232 perldoc validate_gff3.pl
234 - For configuration information, check documentation embedded in validate_gff3.cfg .
238 - Copy over lib/GFF3/Validator.pm and lib/GFF3/Online.pm. Adjust your Perl library paths to make them accesible.
240 - In your web site's document root, create the following directory (you can use another web accesible directory,
241 if this is the case configure the paths in the configuration files accordingly):
245 Copy over contents of html directory (images, documentation, stylesheet) into this directory, adjust permissions.
247 - Copy over validate_gff3_online (CGI script) into a CGI-executable directory, adjust permissions.
249 - Create a writable temporary directory and include path to it in the configuration files (see configuration files).
251 - Copy over validate_gff3.cfg and validate_gff3_online.cfg (configuration files) into $ENV{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/../conf
252 directory. Configure the application using these files (files contain embedded documentation). Start with
253 validate_gff3.cfg. Note: If you want to place validate_gff3_online.cfg in a different directory, modify the
254 location of this file in validate_gff3_online script. The location of validate_gff3.cfg
255 can be set in the validate_gff3_online.cfg file.
259 - The default source for an ontology file is to retrieve it from the Sequence Ontology site. However, if you
260 intend to make many runs locally, or if you install an online version, please download the ontology file
261 and change the configuration to point to the local file.
269 Payan Canaran <canaran@cshl.edu>
273 $Id: validate_gff3.pod,v 1.1 2007/12/03 14:20:23 canaran Exp $
277 - SQLite support adapted from patch contributed by Robert Buels <rmb32@cornell.edu>.
279 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
281 Copyright (c) 2006-2007 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
283 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
284 under the same terms as Perl itself. See DISCLAIMER.txt for
285 disclaimers of warranty.