git-fetch.html

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 734 </head>
 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 git-fetch(1) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>git-fetch -
 743    Download objects and refs from another repository
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="verseblock">
 752 <pre class="content"><em>git fetch</em> [&lt;options&gt;] [&lt;repository&gt; [&lt;refspec&gt;&#8230;]]
 753 <em>git fetch</em> [&lt;options&gt;] &lt;group&gt;
 754 <em>git fetch</em> --multiple [&lt;options&gt;] [(&lt;repository&gt; | &lt;group&gt;)&#8230;]
 755 <em>git fetch</em> --all [&lt;options&gt;]</pre>
 756 <div class="attribution">
 757 </div></div>
 758 </div>
 759 </div>
 760 <div class="sect1">
 761 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 762 <div class="sectionbody">
 763 <div class="paragraph"><p>Fetch branches and/or tags (collectively, "refs") from one or more
 764 other repositories, along with the objects necessary to complete their
 765 histories.  Remote-tracking branches are updated (see the description
 766 of &lt;refspec&gt; below for ways to control this behavior).</p></div>
 767 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, any tag that points into the histories being fetched is
 768 also fetched; the effect is to fetch tags that
 769 point at branches that you are interested in.  This default behavior
 770 can be changed by using the --tags or --no-tags options or by
 771 configuring remote.&lt;name&gt;.tagOpt.  By using a refspec that fetches tags
 772 explicitly, you can fetch tags that do not point into branches you
 773 are interested in as well.</p></div>
 774 <div class="paragraph"><p><em>git fetch</em> can fetch from either a single named repository or URL,
 775 or from several repositories at once if &lt;group&gt; is given and
 776 there is a remotes.&lt;group&gt; entry in the configuration file.
 777 (See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
 778 <div class="paragraph"><p>When no remote is specified, by default the <code>origin</code> remote will be used,
 779 unless there&#8217;s an upstream branch configured for the current branch.</p></div>
 780 <div class="paragraph"><p>The names of refs that are fetched, together with the object names
 781 they point at, are written to <code>.git/FETCH_HEAD</code>.  This information
 782 may be used by scripts or other git commands, such as <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a>.</p></div>
 783 </div>
 784 </div>
 785 <div class="sect1">
 786 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 787 <div class="sectionbody">
 788 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 789 <dt class="hdlist1">
 790 --all
 791 </dt>
 792 <dd>
 793 <p>
 794         Fetch all remotes.
 795 </p>
 796 </dd>
 797 <dt class="hdlist1">
 798 -a
 799 </dt>
 800 <dt class="hdlist1">
 801 --append
 802 </dt>
 803 <dd>
 804 <p>
 805         Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the
 806         existing contents of <code>.git/FETCH_HEAD</code>.  Without this
 807         option old data in <code>.git/FETCH_HEAD</code> will be overwritten.
 808 </p>
 809 </dd>
 810 <dt class="hdlist1">
 811 --atomic
 812 </dt>
 813 <dd>
 814 <p>
 815         Use an atomic transaction to update local refs. Either all refs are
 816         updated, or on error, no refs are updated.
 817 </p>
 818 </dd>
 819 <dt class="hdlist1">
 820 --depth=&lt;depth&gt;
 821 </dt>
 822 <dd>
 823 <p>
 824         Limit fetching to the specified number of commits from the tip of
 825         each remote branch history. If fetching to a <em>shallow</em> repository
 826         created by <code>git clone</code> with <code>--depth=&lt;depth&gt;</code> option (see
 827         <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>), deepen or shorten the history to the specified
 828         number of commits. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.
 829 </p>
 830 </dd>
 831 <dt class="hdlist1">
 832 --deepen=&lt;depth&gt;
 833 </dt>
 834 <dd>
 835 <p>
 836         Similar to --depth, except it specifies the number of commits
 837         from the current shallow boundary instead of from the tip of
 838         each remote branch history.
 839 </p>
 840 </dd>
 841 <dt class="hdlist1">
 842 --shallow-since=&lt;date&gt;
 843 </dt>
 844 <dd>
 845 <p>
 846         Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to
 847         include all reachable commits after &lt;date&gt;.
 848 </p>
 849 </dd>
 850 <dt class="hdlist1">
 851 --shallow-exclude=&lt;revision&gt;
 852 </dt>
 853 <dd>
 854 <p>
 855         Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to
 856         exclude commits reachable from a specified remote branch or tag.
 857         This option can be specified multiple times.
 858 </p>
 859 </dd>
 860 <dt class="hdlist1">
 861 --unshallow
 862 </dt>
 863 <dd>
 864 <p>
 865         If the source repository is complete, convert a shallow
 866         repository to a complete one, removing all the limitations
 867         imposed by shallow repositories.
 868 </p>
 869 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the source repository is shallow, fetch as much as possible so that
 870 the current repository has the same history as the source repository.</p></div>
 871 </dd>
 872 <dt class="hdlist1">
 873 --update-shallow
 874 </dt>
 875 <dd>
 876 <p>
 877         By default when fetching from a shallow repository,
 878         <code>git fetch</code> refuses refs that require updating
 879         .git/shallow. This option updates .git/shallow and accepts such
 880         refs.
 881 </p>
 882 </dd>
 883 <dt class="hdlist1">
 884 --negotiation-tip=&lt;commit|glob&gt;
 885 </dt>
 886 <dd>
 887 <p>
 888         By default, Git will report, to the server, commits reachable
 889         from all local refs to find common commits in an attempt to
 890         reduce the size of the to-be-received packfile. If specified,
 891         Git will only report commits reachable from the given tips.
 892         This is useful to speed up fetches when the user knows which
 893         local ref is likely to have commits in common with the
 894         upstream ref being fetched.
 895 </p>
 896 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may be specified more than once; if so, Git will report
 897 commits reachable from any of the given commits.</p></div>
 898 <div class="paragraph"><p>The argument to this option may be a glob on ref names, a ref, or the (possibly
 899 abbreviated) SHA-1 of a commit. Specifying a glob is equivalent to specifying
 900 this option multiple times, one for each matching ref name.</p></div>
 901 <div class="paragraph"><p>See also the <code>fetch.negotiationAlgorithm</code> and <code>push.negotiate</code>
 902 configuration variables documented in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>, and the
 903 <code>--negotiate-only</code> option below.</p></div>
 904 </dd>
 905 <dt class="hdlist1">
 906 --negotiate-only
 907 </dt>
 908 <dd>
 909 <p>
 910         Do not fetch anything from the server, and instead print the
 911         ancestors of the provided <code>--negotiation-tip=*</code> arguments,
 912         which we have in common with the server.
 913 </p>
 914 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is incompatible with <code>--recurse-submodules=[yes|on-demand]</code>.
 915 Internally this is used to implement the <code>push.negotiate</code> option, see
 916 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p></div>
 917 </dd>
 918 <dt class="hdlist1">
 919 --dry-run
 920 </dt>
 921 <dd>
 922 <p>
 923         Show what would be done, without making any changes.
 924 </p>
 925 </dd>
 926 <dt class="hdlist1">
 927 --porcelain
 928 </dt>
 929 <dd>
 930 <p>
 931         Print the output to standard output in an easy-to-parse format for
 932         scripts. See section OUTPUT in <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> for details.
 933 </p>
 934 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is incompatible with <code>--recurse-submodules=[yes|on-demand]</code> and takes
 935 precedence over the <code>fetch.output</code> config option.</p></div>
 936 </dd>
 937 <dt class="hdlist1">
 938 --[no-]write-fetch-head
 939 </dt>
 940 <dd>
 941 <p>
 942         Write the list of remote refs fetched in the <code>FETCH_HEAD</code>
 943         file directly under <code>$GIT_DIR</code>.  This is the default.
 944         Passing <code>--no-write-fetch-head</code> from the command line tells
 945         Git not to write the file.  Under <code>--dry-run</code> option, the
 946         file is never written.
 947 </p>
 948 </dd>
 949 <dt class="hdlist1">
 950 -f
 951 </dt>
 952 <dt class="hdlist1">
 953 --force
 954 </dt>
 955 <dd>
 956 <p>
 957         When <em>git fetch</em> is used with <code>&lt;src&gt;:&lt;dst&gt;</code> refspec, it may
 958         refuse to update the local branch as discussed
 959         in the <code>&lt;refspec&gt;</code> part below.
 960         This option overrides that check.
 961 </p>
 962 </dd>
 963 <dt class="hdlist1">
 964 -k
 965 </dt>
 966 <dt class="hdlist1">
 967 --keep
 968 </dt>
 969 <dd>
 970 <p>
 971         Keep downloaded pack.
 972 </p>
 973 </dd>
 974 <dt class="hdlist1">
 975 --multiple
 976 </dt>
 977 <dd>
 978 <p>
 979         Allow several &lt;repository&gt; and &lt;group&gt; arguments to be
 980         specified. No &lt;refspec&gt;s may be specified.
 981 </p>
 982 </dd>
 983 <dt class="hdlist1">
 984 --[no-]auto-maintenance
 985 </dt>
 986 <dt class="hdlist1">
 987 --[no-]auto-gc
 988 </dt>
 989 <dd>
 990 <p>
 991         Run <code>git maintenance run --auto</code> at the end to perform automatic
 992         repository maintenance if needed. (<code>--[no-]auto-gc</code> is a synonym.)
 993         This is enabled by default.
 994 </p>
 995 </dd>
 996 <dt class="hdlist1">
 997 --[no-]write-commit-graph
 998 </dt>
 999 <dd>
1000 <p>
1001         Write a commit-graph after fetching. This overrides the config
1002         setting <code>fetch.writeCommitGraph</code>.
1003 </p>
1004 </dd>
1005 <dt class="hdlist1">
1006 --prefetch
1007 </dt>
1008 <dd>
1009 <p>
1010         Modify the configured refspec to place all refs into the
1011         <code>refs/prefetch/</code> namespace. See the <code>prefetch</code> task in
1012         <a href="git-maintenance.html">git-maintenance(1)</a>.
1013 </p>
1014 </dd>
1015 <dt class="hdlist1">
1016 -p
1017 </dt>
1018 <dt class="hdlist1">
1019 --prune
1020 </dt>
1021 <dd>
1022 <p>
1023         Before fetching, remove any remote-tracking references that no
1024         longer exist on the remote.  Tags are not subject to pruning
1025         if they are fetched only because of the default tag
1026         auto-following or due to a --tags option.  However, if tags
1027         are fetched due to an explicit refspec (either on the command
1028         line or in the remote configuration, for example if the remote
1029         was cloned with the --mirror option), then they are also
1030         subject to pruning. Supplying <code>--prune-tags</code> is a shorthand for
1031         providing the tag refspec.
1032 </p>
1033 <div class="paragraph"><p>See the PRUNING section below for more details.</p></div>
1034 </dd>
1035 <dt class="hdlist1">
1036 -P
1037 </dt>
1038 <dt class="hdlist1">
1039 --prune-tags
1040 </dt>
1041 <dd>
1042 <p>
1043         Before fetching, remove any local tags that no longer exist on
1044         the remote if <code>--prune</code> is enabled. This option should be used
1045         more carefully, unlike <code>--prune</code> it will remove any local
1046         references (local tags) that have been created. This option is
1047         a shorthand for providing the explicit tag refspec along with
1048         <code>--prune</code>, see the discussion about that in its documentation.
1049 </p>
1050 <div class="paragraph"><p>See the PRUNING section below for more details.</p></div>
1051 </dd>
1052 <dt class="hdlist1">
1053 -n
1054 </dt>
1055 <dt class="hdlist1">
1056 --no-tags
1057 </dt>
1058 <dd>
1059 <p>
1060         By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded
1061         from the remote repository are fetched and stored locally.
1062         This option disables this automatic tag following. The default
1063         behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.&lt;name&gt;.tagOpt
1064         setting. See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
1065 </p>
1066 </dd>
1067 <dt class="hdlist1">
1068 --refetch
1069 </dt>
1070 <dd>
1071 <p>
1072         Instead of negotiating with the server to avoid transferring commits and
1073         associated objects that are already present locally, this option fetches
1074         all objects as a fresh clone would. Use this to reapply a partial clone
1075         filter from configuration or using <code>--filter=</code> when the filter
1076         definition has changed. Automatic post-fetch maintenance will perform
1077         object database pack consolidation to remove any duplicate objects.
1078 </p>
1079 </dd>
1080 <dt class="hdlist1">
1081 --refmap=&lt;refspec&gt;
1082 </dt>
1083 <dd>
1084 <p>
1085         When fetching refs listed on the command line, use the
1086         specified refspec (can be given more than once) to map the
1087         refs to remote-tracking branches, instead of the values of
1088         <code>remote.*.fetch</code> configuration variables for the remote
1089         repository.  Providing an empty <code>&lt;refspec&gt;</code> to the
1090         <code>--refmap</code> option causes Git to ignore the configured
1091         refspecs and rely entirely on the refspecs supplied as
1092         command-line arguments. See section on "Configured Remote-tracking
1093         Branches" for details.
1094 </p>
1095 </dd>
1096 <dt class="hdlist1">
1097 -t
1098 </dt>
1099 <dt class="hdlist1">
1100 --tags
1101 </dt>
1102 <dd>
1103 <p>
1104         Fetch all tags from the remote (i.e., fetch remote tags
1105         <code>refs/tags/*</code> into local tags with the same name), in addition
1106         to whatever else would otherwise be fetched.  Using this
1107         option alone does not subject tags to pruning, even if --prune
1108         is used (though tags may be pruned anyway if they are also the
1109         destination of an explicit refspec; see <code>--prune</code>).
1110 </p>
1111 </dd>
1112 <dt class="hdlist1">
1113 --recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]
1114 </dt>
1115 <dd>
1116 <p>
1117         This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of
1118         submodules should be fetched too. When recursing through submodules,
1119         <code>git fetch</code> always attempts to fetch "changed" submodules, that is, a
1120         submodule that has commits that are referenced by a newly fetched
1121         superproject commit but are missing in the local submodule clone. A
1122         changed submodule can be fetched as long as it is present locally e.g.
1123         in <code>$GIT_DIR/modules/</code> (see <a href="gitsubmodules.html">gitsubmodules(7)</a>); if the upstream
1124         adds a new submodule, that submodule cannot be fetched until it is
1125         cloned e.g. by <code>git submodule update</code>.
1126 </p>
1127 <div class="paragraph"><p>When set to <em>on-demand</em>, only changed submodules are fetched. When set
1128 to <em>yes</em>, all populated submodules are fetched and submodules that are
1129 both unpopulated and changed are fetched. When set to <em>no</em>, submodules
1130 are never fetched.</p></div>
1131 <div class="paragraph"><p>When unspecified, this uses the value of <code>fetch.recurseSubmodules</code> if it
1132 is set (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>), defaulting to <em>on-demand</em> if unset.
1133 When this option is used without any value, it defaults to <em>yes</em>.</p></div>
1134 </dd>
1135 <dt class="hdlist1">
1136 -j
1137 </dt>
1138 <dt class="hdlist1">
1139 --jobs=&lt;n&gt;
1140 </dt>
1141 <dd>
1142 <p>
1143         Number of parallel children to be used for all forms of fetching.
1144 </p>
1145 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the <code>--multiple</code> option was specified, the different remotes will be fetched
1146 in parallel. If multiple submodules are fetched, they will be fetched in
1147 parallel. To control them independently, use the config settings
1148 <code>fetch.parallel</code> and <code>submodule.fetchJobs</code> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
1149 <div class="paragraph"><p>Typically, parallel recursive and multi-remote fetches will be faster. By
1150 default fetches are performed sequentially, not in parallel.</p></div>
1151 </dd>
1152 <dt class="hdlist1">
1153 --no-recurse-submodules
1154 </dt>
1155 <dd>
1156 <p>
1157         Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as
1158         using the <code>--recurse-submodules=no</code> option).
1159 </p>
1160 </dd>
1161 <dt class="hdlist1">
1162 --set-upstream
1163 </dt>
1164 <dd>
1165 <p>
1166         If the remote is fetched successfully, add upstream
1167         (tracking) reference, used by argument-less
1168         <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> and other commands. For more information,
1169         see <code>branch.&lt;name&gt;.merge</code> and <code>branch.&lt;name&gt;.remote</code> in
1170         <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
1171 </p>
1172 </dd>
1173 <dt class="hdlist1">
1174 --submodule-prefix=&lt;path&gt;
1175 </dt>
1176 <dd>
1177 <p>
1178         Prepend &lt;path&gt; to paths printed in informative messages
1179         such as "Fetching submodule foo".  This option is used
1180         internally when recursing over submodules.
1181 </p>
1182 </dd>
1183 <dt class="hdlist1">
1184 --recurse-submodules-default=[yes|on-demand]
1185 </dt>
1186 <dd>
1187 <p>
1188         This option is used internally to temporarily provide a
1189         non-negative default value for the --recurse-submodules
1190         option.  All other methods of configuring fetch&#8217;s submodule
1191         recursion (such as settings in <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a> and
1192         <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>) override this option, as does
1193         specifying --[no-]recurse-submodules directly.
1194 </p>
1195 </dd>
1196 <dt class="hdlist1">
1197 -u
1198 </dt>
1199 <dt class="hdlist1">
1200 --update-head-ok
1201 </dt>
1202 <dd>
1203 <p>
1204         By default <em>git fetch</em> refuses to update the head which
1205         corresponds to the current branch.  This flag disables the
1206         check.  This is purely for the internal use for <em>git pull</em>
1207         to communicate with <em>git fetch</em>, and unless you are
1208         implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to
1209         use it.
1210 </p>
1211 </dd>
1212 <dt class="hdlist1">
1213 --upload-pack &lt;upload-pack&gt;
1214 </dt>
1215 <dd>
1216 <p>
1217         When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled
1218         by <em>git fetch-pack</em>, <code>--exec=&lt;upload-pack&gt;</code> is passed to
1219         the command to specify non-default path for the command
1220         run on the other end.
1221 </p>
1222 </dd>
1223 <dt class="hdlist1">
1224 -q
1225 </dt>
1226 <dt class="hdlist1">
1227 --quiet
1228 </dt>
1229 <dd>
1230 <p>
1231         Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally
1232         used git commands. Progress is not reported to the standard error
1233         stream.
1234 </p>
1235 </dd>
1236 <dt class="hdlist1">
1237 -v
1238 </dt>
1239 <dt class="hdlist1">
1240 --verbose
1241 </dt>
1242 <dd>
1243 <p>
1244         Be verbose.
1245 </p>
1246 </dd>
1247 <dt class="hdlist1">
1248 --progress
1249 </dt>
1250 <dd>
1251 <p>
1252         Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
1253         by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
1254         is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
1255         standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
1256 </p>
1257 </dd>
1258 <dt class="hdlist1">
1259 -o &lt;option&gt;
1260 </dt>
1261 <dt class="hdlist1">
1262 --server-option=&lt;option&gt;
1263 </dt>
1264 <dd>
1265 <p>
1266         Transmit the given string to the server when communicating using
1267         protocol version 2.  The given string must not contain a NUL or LF
1268         character.  The server&#8217;s handling of server options, including
1269         unknown ones, is server-specific.
1270         When multiple <code>--server-option=&lt;option&gt;</code> are given, they are all
1271         sent to the other side in the order listed on the command line.
1272 </p>
1273 </dd>
1274 <dt class="hdlist1">
1275 --show-forced-updates
1276 </dt>
1277 <dd>
1278 <p>
1279         By default, git checks if a branch is force-updated during
1280         fetch. This can be disabled through fetch.showForcedUpdates, but
1281         the --show-forced-updates option guarantees this check occurs.
1282         See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
1283 </p>
1284 </dd>
1285 <dt class="hdlist1">
1286 --no-show-forced-updates
1287 </dt>
1288 <dd>
1289 <p>
1290         By default, git checks if a branch is force-updated during
1291         fetch. Pass --no-show-forced-updates or set fetch.showForcedUpdates
1292         to false to skip this check for performance reasons. If used during
1293         <em>git-pull</em> the --ff-only option will still check for forced updates
1294         before attempting a fast-forward update. See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
1295 </p>
1296 </dd>
1297 <dt class="hdlist1">
1298 -4
1299 </dt>
1300 <dt class="hdlist1">
1301 --ipv4
1302 </dt>
1303 <dd>
1304 <p>
1305         Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses.
1306 </p>
1307 </dd>
1308 <dt class="hdlist1">
1309 -6
1310 </dt>
1311 <dt class="hdlist1">
1312 --ipv6
1313 </dt>
1314 <dd>
1315 <p>
1316         Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses.
1317 </p>
1318 </dd>
1319 <dt class="hdlist1">
1320 &lt;repository&gt;
1321 </dt>
1322 <dd>
1323 <p>
1324         The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch
1325         or pull operation.  This parameter can be either a URL
1326         (see the section <a href="#URLS">GIT URLS</a> below) or the name
1327         of a remote (see the section <a href="#REMOTES">REMOTES</a> below).
1328 </p>
1329 </dd>
1330 <dt class="hdlist1">
1331 &lt;group&gt;
1332 </dt>
1333 <dd>
1334 <p>
1335         A name referring to a list of repositories as the value
1336         of remotes.&lt;group&gt; in the configuration file.
1337         (See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
1338 </p>
1339 </dd>
1340 <dt class="hdlist1">
1341 &lt;refspec&gt;
1342 </dt>
1343 <dd>
1344 <p>
1345         Specifies which refs to fetch and which local refs to update.
1346         When no &lt;refspec&gt;s appear on the command line, the refs to fetch
1347         are read from <code>remote.&lt;repository&gt;.fetch</code> variables instead
1348         (see <a href="#CRTB">CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES</a> below).
1349 </p>
1350 <div class="paragraph"><p>The format of a &lt;refspec&gt; parameter is an optional plus
1351 <code>+</code>, followed by the source &lt;src&gt;, followed
1352 by a colon <code>:</code>, followed by the destination ref &lt;dst&gt;.
1353 The colon can be omitted when &lt;dst&gt; is empty.  &lt;src&gt; is
1354 typically a ref, but it can also be a fully spelled hex object
1355 name.</p></div>
1356 <div class="paragraph"><p>A &lt;refspec&gt; may contain a <code>*</code> in its &lt;src&gt; to indicate a simple pattern
1357 match. Such a refspec functions like a glob that matches any ref with the
1358 same prefix. A pattern &lt;refspec&gt; must have a <code>*</code> in both the &lt;src&gt; and
1359 &lt;dst&gt;. It will map refs to the destination by replacing the <code>*</code> with the
1360 contents matched from the source.</p></div>
1361 <div class="paragraph"><p>If a refspec is prefixed by <code>^</code>, it will be interpreted as a negative
1362 refspec. Rather than specifying which refs to fetch or which local refs to
1363 update, such a refspec will instead specify refs to exclude. A ref will be
1364 considered to match if it matches at least one positive refspec, and does
1365 not match any negative refspec. Negative refspecs can be useful to restrict
1366 the scope of a pattern refspec so that it will not include specific refs.
1367 Negative refspecs can themselves be pattern refspecs. However, they may only
1368 contain a &lt;src&gt; and do not specify a &lt;dst&gt;. Fully spelled out hex object
1369 names are also not supported.</p></div>
1370 <div class="paragraph"><p><code>tag &lt;tag&gt;</code> means the same as <code>refs/tags/&lt;tag&gt;:refs/tags/&lt;tag&gt;</code>;
1371 it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.</p></div>
1372 <div class="paragraph"><p>The remote ref that matches &lt;src&gt;
1373 is fetched, and if &lt;dst&gt; is not an empty string, an attempt
1374 is made to update the local ref that matches it.</p></div>
1375 <div class="paragraph"><p>Whether that update is allowed without <code>--force</code> depends on the ref
1376 namespace it&#8217;s being fetched to, the type of object being fetched, and
1377 whether the update is considered to be a fast-forward. Generally, the
1378 same rules apply for fetching as when pushing, see the <code>&lt;refspec&gt;...</code>
1379 section of <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> for what those are. Exceptions to those
1380 rules particular to <em>git fetch</em> are noted below.</p></div>
1381 <div class="paragraph"><p>Until Git version 2.20, and unlike when pushing with
1382 <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>, any updates to <code>refs/tags/*</code> would be accepted
1383 without <code>+</code> in the refspec (or <code>--force</code>). When fetching, we promiscuously
1384 considered all tag updates from a remote to be forced fetches.  Since
1385 Git version 2.20, fetching to update <code>refs/tags/*</code> works the same way
1386 as when pushing. I.e. any updates will be rejected without <code>+</code> in the
1387 refspec (or <code>--force</code>).</p></div>
1388 <div class="paragraph"><p>Unlike when pushing with <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>, any updates outside of
1389 <code>refs/{tags,heads}/*</code> will be accepted without <code>+</code> in the refspec (or
1390 <code>--force</code>), whether that&#8217;s swapping e.g. a tree object for a blob, or
1391 a commit for another commit that doesn&#8217;t have the previous commit as
1392 an ancestor etc.</p></div>
1393 <div class="paragraph"><p>Unlike when pushing with <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>, there is no
1394 configuration which&#8217;ll amend these rules, and nothing like a
1395 <code>pre-fetch</code> hook analogous to the <code>pre-receive</code> hook.</p></div>
1396 <div class="paragraph"><p>As with pushing with <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>, all of the rules described
1397 above about what&#8217;s not allowed as an update can be overridden by
1398 adding an optional leading <code>+</code> to a refspec (or using the <code>--force</code>
1399 command line option). The only exception to this is that no amount of
1400 forcing will make the <code>refs/heads/*</code> namespace accept a non-commit
1401 object.</p></div>
1402 <div class="admonitionblock">
1403 <table><tr>
1404 <td class="icon">
1405 <div class="title">Note</div>
1406 </td>
1407 <td class="content">When the remote branch you want to fetch is known to
1408 be rewound and rebased regularly, it is expected that
1409 its new tip will not be a descendant of its previous tip
1410 (as stored in your remote-tracking branch the last time
1411 you fetched).  You would want
1412 to use the <code>+</code> sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates
1413 will be needed for such branches.  There is no way to
1414 determine or declare that a branch will be made available
1415 in a repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
1416 must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.</td>
1417 </tr></table>
1418 </div>
1419 </dd>
1420 <dt class="hdlist1">
1421 --stdin
1422 </dt>
1423 <dd>
1424 <p>
1425         Read refspecs, one per line, from stdin in addition to those provided
1426         as arguments. The "tag &lt;name&gt;" format is not supported.
1427 </p>
1428 </dd>
1429 </dl></div>
1430 </div>
1431 </div>
1432 <div class="sect1">
1433 <h2 id="_git_urls_a_id_urls_a">GIT URLS<a id="URLS"></a></h2>
1434 <div class="sectionbody">
1435 <div class="paragraph"><p>In general, URLs contain information about the transport protocol, the
1436 address of the remote server, and the path to the repository.
1437 Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be
1438 absent.</p></div>
1439 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp
1440 and ftps can be used for fetching, but this is inefficient and
1441 deprecated; do not use them).</p></div>
1442 <div class="paragraph"><p>The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and
1443 should be used with caution on unsecured networks.</p></div>
1444 <div class="paragraph"><p>The following syntaxes may be used with them:</p></div>
1445 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1446 <li>
1447 <p>
1448 ssh://&#91;user@&#93;host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
1449 </p>
1450 </li>
1451 <li>
1452 <p>
1453 git://host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
1454 </p>
1455 </li>
1456 <li>
1457 <p>
1458 http&#91;s&#93;://host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
1459 </p>
1460 </li>
1461 <li>
1462 <p>
1463 ftp&#91;s&#93;://host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
1464 </p>
1465 </li>
1466 </ul></div>
1467 <div class="paragraph"><p>An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:</p></div>
1468 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1469 <li>
1470 <p>
1471 &#91;user@&#93;host.xz:path/to/repo.git/
1472 </p>
1473 </li>
1474 </ul></div>
1475 <div class="paragraph"><p>This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the
1476 first colon. This helps differentiate a local path that contains a
1477 colon. For example the local path <code>foo:bar</code> could be specified as an
1478 absolute path or <code>./foo:bar</code> to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh
1479 url.</p></div>
1480 <div class="paragraph"><p>The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:</p></div>
1481 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1482 <li>
1483 <p>
1484 ssh://&#91;user@&#93;host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/~&#91;user&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
1485 </p>
1486 </li>
1487 <li>
1488 <p>
1489 git://host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/~&#91;user&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
1490 </p>
1491 </li>
1492 <li>
1493 <p>
1494 &#91;user@&#93;host.xz:/~&#91;user&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
1495 </p>
1496 </li>
1497 </ul></div>
1498 <div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
1499 syntaxes may be used:</p></div>
1500 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1501 <li>
1502 <p>
1503 /path/to/repo.git/
1504 </p>
1505 </li>
1506 <li>
1507 <p>
1508 file:///path/to/repo.git/
1509 </p>
1510 </li>
1511 </ul></div>
1512 <div class="paragraph"><p>These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
1513 the former implies --local option. See <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> for
1514 details.</p></div>
1515 <div class="paragraph"><p><em>git clone</em>, <em>git fetch</em> and <em>git pull</em>, but not <em>git push</em>, will also
1516 accept a suitable bundle file. See <a href="git-bundle.html">git-bundle(1)</a>.</p></div>
1517 <div class="paragraph"><p>When Git doesn&#8217;t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
1518 attempts to use the <em>remote-&lt;transport&gt;</em> remote helper, if one
1519 exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
1520 may be used:</p></div>
1521 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1522 <li>
1523 <p>
1524 &lt;transport&gt;::&lt;address&gt;
1525 </p>
1526 </li>
1527 </ul></div>
1528 <div class="paragraph"><p>where &lt;address&gt; may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
1529 URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
1530 invoked. See <a href="gitremote-helpers.html">gitremote-helpers(7)</a> for details.</p></div>
1531 <div class="paragraph"><p>If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
1532 you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
1533 use will be rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a
1534 configuration section of the form:</p></div>
1535 <div class="listingblock">
1536 <div class="content">
1537 <pre><code>        [url "&lt;actual url base&gt;"]
1538                 insteadOf = &lt;other url base&gt;</code></pre>
1539 </div></div>
1540 <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, with this:</p></div>
1541 <div class="listingblock">
1542 <div class="content">
1543 <pre><code>        [url "git://git.host.xz/"]
1544                 insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
1545                 insteadOf = work:</code></pre>
1546 </div></div>
1547 <div class="paragraph"><p>a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be
1548 rewritten in any context that takes a URL to be "git://git.host.xz/repo.git".</p></div>
1549 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to rewrite URLs for push only, you can create a
1550 configuration section of the form:</p></div>
1551 <div class="listingblock">
1552 <div class="content">
1553 <pre><code>        [url "&lt;actual url base&gt;"]
1554                 pushInsteadOf = &lt;other url base&gt;</code></pre>
1555 </div></div>
1556 <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, with this:</p></div>
1557 <div class="listingblock">
1558 <div class="content">
1559 <pre><code>        [url "ssh://example.org/"]
1560                 pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/</code></pre>
1561 </div></div>
1562 <div class="paragraph"><p>a URL like "git://example.org/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten to
1563 "ssh://example.org/path/to/repo.git" for pushes, but pulls will still
1564 use the original URL.</p></div>
1565 </div>
1566 </div>
1567 <div class="sect1">
1568 <h2 id="_remotes_a_id_remotes_a">REMOTES<a id="REMOTES"></a></h2>
1569 <div class="sectionbody">
1570 <div class="paragraph"><p>The name of one of the following can be used instead
1571 of a URL as <code>&lt;repository&gt;</code> argument:</p></div>
1572 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1573 <li>
1574 <p>
1575 a remote in the Git configuration file: <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>,
1576 </p>
1577 </li>
1578 <li>
1579 <p>
1580 a file in the <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code> directory, or
1581 </p>
1582 </li>
1583 <li>
1584 <p>
1585 a file in the <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code> directory.
1586 </p>
1587 </li>
1588 </ul></div>
1589 <div class="paragraph"><p>All of these also allow you to omit the refspec from the command line
1590 because they each contain a refspec which git will use by default.</p></div>
1591 <div class="sect2">
1592 <h3 id="_named_remote_in_configuration_file">Named remote in configuration file</h3>
1593 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can choose to provide the name of a remote which you had previously
1594 configured using <a href="git-remote.html">git-remote(1)</a>, <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>
1595 or even by a manual edit to the <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code> file.  The URL of
1596 this remote will be used to access the repository.  The refspec
1597 of this remote will be used by default when you do
1598 not provide a refspec on the command line.  The entry in the
1599 config file would appear like this:</p></div>
1600 <div class="listingblock">
1601 <div class="content">
1602 <pre><code>        [remote "&lt;name&gt;"]
1603                 url = &lt;URL&gt;
1604                 pushurl = &lt;pushurl&gt;
1605                 push = &lt;refspec&gt;
1606                 fetch = &lt;refspec&gt;</code></pre>
1607 </div></div>
1608 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>&lt;pushurl&gt;</code> is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults
1609 to <code>&lt;URL&gt;</code>. Pushing to a remote affects all defined pushurls or all
1610 defined urls if no pushurls are defined. Fetch, however, will only
1611 fetch from the first defined url if multiple urls are defined.</p></div>
1612 </div>
1613 <div class="sect2">
1614 <h3 id="_named_file_in_code_git_dir_remotes_code">Named file in <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code></h3>
1615 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can choose to provide the name of a
1616 file in <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code>.  The URL
1617 in this file will be used to access the repository.  The refspec
1618 in this file will be used as default when you do not
1619 provide a refspec on the command line.  This file should have the
1620 following format:</p></div>
1621 <div class="listingblock">
1622 <div class="content">
1623 <pre><code>        URL: one of the above URL formats
1624         Push: &lt;refspec&gt;
1625         Pull: &lt;refspec&gt;</code></pre>
1626 </div></div>
1627 <div class="paragraph"><p><code>Push:</code> lines are used by <em>git push</em> and
1628 <code>Pull:</code> lines are used by <em>git pull</em> and <em>git fetch</em>.
1629 Multiple <code>Push:</code> and <code>Pull:</code> lines may
1630 be specified for additional branch mappings.</p></div>
1631 </div>
1632 <div class="sect2">
1633 <h3 id="_named_file_in_code_git_dir_branches_code">Named file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code></h3>
1634 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can choose to provide the name of a
1635 file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code>.
1636 The URL in this file will be used to access the repository.
1637 This file should have the following format:</p></div>
1638 <div class="listingblock">
1639 <div class="content">
1640 <pre><code>        &lt;URL&gt;#&lt;head&gt;</code></pre>
1641 </div></div>
1642 <div class="paragraph"><p><code>&lt;URL&gt;</code> is required; <code>#&lt;head&gt;</code> is optional.</p></div>
1643 <div class="paragraph"><p>Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following
1644 refspecs, if you don&#8217;t provide one on the command line.
1645 <code>&lt;branch&gt;</code> is the name of this file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code> and
1646 <code>&lt;head&gt;</code> defaults to <code>master</code>.</p></div>
1647 <div class="paragraph"><p>git fetch uses:</p></div>
1648 <div class="listingblock">
1649 <div class="content">
1650 <pre><code>        refs/heads/&lt;head&gt;:refs/heads/&lt;branch&gt;</code></pre>
1651 </div></div>
1652 <div class="paragraph"><p>git push uses:</p></div>
1653 <div class="listingblock">
1654 <div class="content">
1655 <pre><code>        HEAD:refs/heads/&lt;head&gt;</code></pre>
1656 </div></div>
1657 </div>
1658 </div>
1659 </div>
1660 <div class="sect1">
1661 <h2 id="_configured_remote_tracking_branches_a_id_crtb_a">CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES<a id="CRTB"></a></h2>
1662 <div class="sectionbody">
1663 <div class="paragraph"><p>You often interact with the same remote repository by
1664 regularly and repeatedly fetching from it.  In order to keep track
1665 of the progress of such a remote repository, <code>git fetch</code> allows you
1666 to configure <code>remote.&lt;repository&gt;.fetch</code> configuration variables.</p></div>
1667 <div class="paragraph"><p>Typically such a variable may look like this:</p></div>
1668 <div class="listingblock">
1669 <div class="content">
1670 <pre><code>[remote "origin"]
1671         fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*</code></pre>
1672 </div></div>
1673 <div class="paragraph"><p>This configuration is used in two ways:</p></div>
1674 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1675 <li>
1676 <p>
1677 When <code>git fetch</code> is run without specifying what branches
1678   and/or tags to fetch on the command line, e.g. <code>git fetch origin</code>
1679   or <code>git fetch</code>, <code>remote.&lt;repository&gt;.fetch</code> values are used as
1680   the refspecs&#8212;they specify which refs to fetch and which local refs
1681   to update.  The example above will fetch
1682   all branches that exist in the <code>origin</code> (i.e. any ref that matches
1683   the left-hand side of the value, <code>refs/heads/*</code>) and update the
1684   corresponding remote-tracking branches in the <code>refs/remotes/origin/*</code>
1685   hierarchy.
1686 </p>
1687 </li>
1688 <li>
1689 <p>
1690 When <code>git fetch</code> is run with explicit branches and/or tags
1691   to fetch on the command line, e.g. <code>git fetch origin master</code>, the
1692   &lt;refspec&gt;s given on the command line determine what are to be
1693   fetched (e.g. <code>master</code> in the example,
1694   which is a short-hand for <code>master:</code>, which in turn means
1695   "fetch the <em>master</em> branch but I do not explicitly say what
1696   remote-tracking branch to update with it from the command line"),
1697   and the example command will
1698   fetch <em>only</em> the <em>master</em> branch.  The <code>remote.&lt;repository&gt;.fetch</code>
1699   values determine which
1700   remote-tracking branch, if any, is updated.  When used in this
1701   way, the <code>remote.&lt;repository&gt;.fetch</code> values do not have any
1702   effect in deciding <em>what</em> gets fetched (i.e. the values are not
1703   used as refspecs when the command-line lists refspecs); they are
1704   only used to decide <em>where</em> the refs that are fetched are stored
1705   by acting as a mapping.
1706 </p>
1707 </li>
1708 </ul></div>
1709 <div class="paragraph"><p>The latter use of the <code>remote.&lt;repository&gt;.fetch</code> values can be
1710 overridden by giving the <code>--refmap=&lt;refspec&gt;</code> parameter(s) on the
1711 command line.</p></div>
1712 </div>
1713 </div>
1714 <div class="sect1">
1715 <h2 id="_pruning">PRUNING</h2>
1716 <div class="sectionbody">
1717 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git has a default disposition of keeping data unless it&#8217;s explicitly
1718 thrown away; this extends to holding onto local references to branches
1719 on remotes that have themselves deleted those branches.</p></div>
1720 <div class="paragraph"><p>If left to accumulate, these stale references might make performance
1721 worse on big and busy repos that have a lot of branch churn, and
1722 e.g. make the output of commands like <code>git branch -a --contains
1723 &lt;commit&gt;</code> needlessly verbose, as well as impacting anything else
1724 that&#8217;ll work with the complete set of known references.</p></div>
1725 <div class="paragraph"><p>These remote-tracking references can be deleted as a one-off with
1726 either of:</p></div>
1727 <div class="listingblock">
1728 <div class="content">
1729 <pre><code># While fetching
1730 $ git fetch --prune &lt;name&gt;
1731
1732 # Only prune, don't fetch
1733 $ git remote prune &lt;name&gt;</code></pre>
1734 </div></div>
1735 <div class="paragraph"><p>To prune references as part of your normal workflow without needing to
1736 remember to run that, set <code>fetch.prune</code> globally, or
1737 <code>remote.&lt;name&gt;.prune</code> per-remote in the config. See
1738 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p></div>
1739 <div class="paragraph"><p>Here&#8217;s where things get tricky and more specific. The pruning feature
1740 doesn&#8217;t actually care about branches, instead it&#8217;ll prune local &#8592;&#8594;
1741 remote-references as a function of the refspec of the remote (see
1742 <code>&lt;refspec&gt;</code> and <a href="#CRTB">CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES</a> above).</p></div>
1743 <div class="paragraph"><p>Therefore if the refspec for the remote includes
1744 e.g. <code>refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*</code>, or you manually run e.g. <code>git fetch
1745 --prune &lt;name&gt; "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*"</code> it won&#8217;t be stale remote
1746 tracking branches that are deleted, but any local tag that doesn&#8217;t
1747 exist on the remote.</p></div>
1748 <div class="paragraph"><p>This might not be what you expect, i.e. you want to prune remote
1749 <code>&lt;name&gt;</code>, but also explicitly fetch tags from it, so when you fetch
1750 from it you delete all your local tags, most of which may not have
1751 come from the <code>&lt;name&gt;</code> remote in the first place.</p></div>
1752 <div class="paragraph"><p>So be careful when using this with a refspec like
1753 <code>refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*</code>, or any other refspec which might map
1754 references from multiple remotes to the same local namespace.</p></div>
1755 <div class="paragraph"><p>Since keeping up-to-date with both branches and tags on the remote is
1756 a common use-case the <code>--prune-tags</code> option can be supplied along with
1757 <code>--prune</code> to prune local tags that don&#8217;t exist on the remote, and
1758 force-update those tags that differ. Tag pruning can also be enabled
1759 with <code>fetch.pruneTags</code> or <code>remote.&lt;name&gt;.pruneTags</code> in the config. See
1760 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p></div>
1761 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>--prune-tags</code> option is equivalent to having
1762 <code>refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*</code> declared in the refspecs of the remote. This
1763 can lead to some seemingly strange interactions:</p></div>
1764 <div class="listingblock">
1765 <div class="content">
1766 <pre><code># These both fetch tags
1767 $ git fetch --no-tags origin 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'
1768 $ git fetch --no-tags --prune-tags origin</code></pre>
1769 </div></div>
1770 <div class="paragraph"><p>The reason it doesn&#8217;t error out when provided without <code>--prune</code> or its
1771 config versions is for flexibility of the configured versions, and to
1772 maintain a 1=1 mapping between what the command line flags do, and
1773 what the configuration versions do.</p></div>
1774 <div class="paragraph"><p>It&#8217;s reasonable to e.g. configure <code>fetch.pruneTags=true</code> in
1775 <code>~/.gitconfig</code> to have tags pruned whenever <code>git fetch --prune</code> is
1776 run, without making every invocation of <code>git fetch</code> without <code>--prune</code>
1777 an error.</p></div>
1778 <div class="paragraph"><p>Pruning tags with <code>--prune-tags</code> also works when fetching a URL
1779 instead of a named remote. These will all prune tags not found on
1780 origin:</p></div>
1781 <div class="listingblock">
1782 <div class="content">
1783 <pre><code>$ git fetch origin --prune --prune-tags
1784 $ git fetch origin --prune 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'
1785 $ git fetch &lt;url of origin&gt; --prune --prune-tags
1786 $ git fetch &lt;url of origin&gt; --prune 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'</code></pre>
1787 </div></div>
1788 </div>
1789 </div>
1790 <div class="sect1">
1791 <h2 id="_output">OUTPUT</h2>
1792 <div class="sectionbody">
1793 <div class="paragraph"><p>The output of "git fetch" depends on the transport method used; this
1794 section describes the output when fetching over the Git protocol
1795 (either locally or via ssh) and Smart HTTP protocol.</p></div>
1796 <div class="paragraph"><p>The status of the fetch is output in tabular form, with each line
1797 representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:</p></div>
1798 <div class="listingblock">
1799 <div class="content">
1800 <pre><code> &lt;flag&gt; &lt;summary&gt; &lt;from&gt; -&gt; &lt;to&gt; [&lt;reason&gt;]</code></pre>
1801 </div></div>
1802 <div class="paragraph"><p>When using <code>--porcelain</code>, the output format is intended to be
1803 machine-parseable. In contrast to the human-readable output formats it
1804 thus prints to standard output instead of standard error. Each line is
1805 of the form:</p></div>
1806 <div class="listingblock">
1807 <div class="content">
1808 <pre><code>&lt;flag&gt; &lt;old-object-id&gt; &lt;new-object-id&gt; &lt;local-reference&gt;</code></pre>
1809 </div></div>
1810 <div class="paragraph"><p>The status of up-to-date refs is shown only if the --verbose option is
1811 used.</p></div>
1812 <div class="paragraph"><p>In compact output mode, specified with configuration variable
1813 fetch.output, if either entire <code>&lt;from&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;to&gt;</code> is found in the
1814 other string, it will be substituted with <code>*</code> in the other string. For
1815 example, <code>master -&gt; origin/master</code> becomes <code>master -&gt; origin/*</code>.</p></div>
1816 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1817 <dt class="hdlist1">
1818 flag
1819 </dt>
1820 <dd>
1821 <p>
1822         A single character indicating the status of the ref:
1823 </p>
1824 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1825 <dt class="hdlist1">
1826 (space)
1827 </dt>
1828 <dd>
1829 <p>
1830 for a successfully fetched fast-forward;
1831 </p>
1832 </dd>
1833 <dt class="hdlist1">
1834 <code>+</code>
1835 </dt>
1836 <dd>
1837 <p>
1838 for a successful forced update;
1839 </p>
1840 </dd>
1841 <dt class="hdlist1">
1842 <code>-</code>
1843 </dt>
1844 <dd>
1845 <p>
1846 for a successfully pruned ref;
1847 </p>
1848 </dd>
1849 <dt class="hdlist1">
1850 <code>t</code>
1851 </dt>
1852 <dd>
1853 <p>
1854 for a successful tag update;
1855 </p>
1856 </dd>
1857 <dt class="hdlist1">
1858 <code>*</code>
1859 </dt>
1860 <dd>
1861 <p>
1862 for a successfully fetched new ref;
1863 </p>
1864 </dd>
1865 <dt class="hdlist1">
1866 <code>!</code>
1867 </dt>
1868 <dd>
1869 <p>
1870 for a ref that was rejected or failed to update; and
1871 </p>
1872 </dd>
1873 <dt class="hdlist1">
1874 <code>=</code>
1875 </dt>
1876 <dd>
1877 <p>
1878 for a ref that was up to date and did not need fetching.
1879 </p>
1880 </dd>
1881 </dl></div>
1882 </dd>
1883 <dt class="hdlist1">
1884 summary
1885 </dt>
1886 <dd>
1887 <p>
1888         For a successfully fetched ref, the summary shows the old and new
1889         values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
1890         <code>git log</code> (this is <code>&lt;old&gt;..&lt;new&gt;</code> in most cases, and
1891         <code>&lt;old&gt;...&lt;new&gt;</code> for forced non-fast-forward updates).
1892 </p>
1893 </dd>
1894 <dt class="hdlist1">
1895 from
1896 </dt>
1897 <dd>
1898 <p>
1899         The name of the remote ref being fetched from, minus its
1900         <code>refs/&lt;type&gt;/</code> prefix. In the case of deletion, the name of
1901         the remote ref is "(none)".
1902 </p>
1903 </dd>
1904 <dt class="hdlist1">
1905 to
1906 </dt>
1907 <dd>
1908 <p>
1909         The name of the local ref being updated, minus its
1910         <code>refs/&lt;type&gt;/</code> prefix.
1911 </p>
1912 </dd>
1913 <dt class="hdlist1">
1914 reason
1915 </dt>
1916 <dd>
1917 <p>
1918         A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully fetched
1919         refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for
1920         failure is described.
1921 </p>
1922 </dd>
1923 </dl></div>
1924 </div>
1925 </div>
1926 <div class="sect1">
1927 <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
1928 <div class="sectionbody">
1929 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1930 <li>
1931 <p>
1932 Update the remote-tracking branches:
1933 </p>
1934 <div class="listingblock">
1935 <div class="content">
1936 <pre><code>$ git fetch origin</code></pre>
1937 </div></div>
1938 <div class="paragraph"><p>The above command copies all branches from the remote <code>refs/heads/</code>
1939 namespace and stores them to the local <code>refs/remotes/origin/</code> namespace,
1940 unless the <code>remote.&lt;repository&gt;.fetch</code> option is used to specify a
1941 non-default refspec.</p></div>
1942 </li>
1943 <li>
1944 <p>
1945 Using refspecs explicitly:
1946 </p>
1947 <div class="listingblock">
1948 <div class="content">
1949 <pre><code>$ git fetch origin +seen:seen maint:tmp</code></pre>
1950 </div></div>
1951 <div class="paragraph"><p>This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches <code>seen</code> and <code>tmp</code> in
1952 the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively)
1953 <code>seen</code> and <code>maint</code> from the remote repository.</p></div>
1954 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>seen</code> branch will be updated even if it does not fast-forward,
1955 because it is prefixed with a plus sign; <code>tmp</code> will not be.</p></div>
1956 </li>
1957 <li>
1958 <p>
1959 Peek at a remote&#8217;s branch, without configuring the remote in your local
1960   repository:
1961 </p>
1962 <div class="listingblock">
1963 <div class="content">
1964 <pre><code>$ git fetch git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git maint
1965 $ git log FETCH_HEAD</code></pre>
1966 </div></div>
1967 <div class="paragraph"><p>The first command fetches the <code>maint</code> branch from the repository at
1968 <code>git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git</code> and the second command uses
1969 <code>FETCH_HEAD</code> to examine the branch with <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>.  The fetched
1970 objects will eventually be removed by git&#8217;s built-in housekeeping (see
1971 <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>).</p></div>
1972 </li>
1973 </ul></div>
1974 </div>
1975 </div>
1976 <div class="sect1">
1977 <h2 id="_security">SECURITY</h2>
1978 <div class="sectionbody">
1979 <div class="paragraph"><p>The fetch and push protocols are not designed to prevent one side from
1980 stealing data from the other repository that was not intended to be
1981 shared. If you have private data that you need to protect from a malicious
1982 peer, your best option is to store it in another repository. This applies
1983 to both clients and servers. In particular, namespaces on a server are not
1984 effective for read access control; you should only grant read access to a
1985 namespace to clients that you would trust with read access to the entire
1986 repository.</p></div>
1987 <div class="paragraph"><p>The known attack vectors are as follows:</p></div>
1988 <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
1989 <li>
1990 <p>
1991 The victim sends "have" lines advertising the IDs of objects it has that
1992   are not explicitly intended to be shared but can be used to optimize the
1993   transfer if the peer also has them. The attacker chooses an object ID X
1994   to steal and sends a ref to X, but isn&#8217;t required to send the content of
1995   X because the victim already has it. Now the victim believes that the
1996   attacker has X, and it sends the content of X back to the attacker
1997   later. (This attack is most straightforward for a client to perform on a
1998   server, by creating a ref to X in the namespace the client has access
1999   to and then fetching it. The most likely way for a server to perform it
2000   on a client is to "merge" X into a public branch and hope that the user
2001   does additional work on this branch and pushes it back to the server
2002   without noticing the merge.)
2003 </p>
2004 </li>
2005 <li>
2006 <p>
2007 As in #1, the attacker chooses an object ID X to steal. The victim sends
2008   an object Y that the attacker already has, and the attacker falsely
2009   claims to have X and not Y, so the victim sends Y as a delta against X.
2010   The delta reveals regions of X that are similar to Y to the attacker.
2011 </p>
2012 </li>
2013 </ol></div>
2014 </div>
2015 </div>
2016 <div class="sect1">
2017 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
2018 <div class="sectionbody">
2019 <div class="paragraph"><p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included
2020 from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same
2021 as what&#8217;s found there:</p></div>
2022 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2023 <dt class="hdlist1">
2024 fetch.recurseSubmodules
2025 </dt>
2026 <dd>
2027 <p>
2028         This option controls whether <code>git fetch</code> (and the underlying fetch
2029         in <code>git pull</code>) will recursively fetch into populated submodules.
2030         This option can be set either to a boolean value or to <em>on-demand</em>.
2031         Setting it to a boolean changes the behavior of fetch and pull to
2032         recurse unconditionally into submodules when set to true or to not
2033         recurse at all when set to false. When set to <em>on-demand</em>, fetch and
2034         pull will only recurse into a populated submodule when its
2035         superproject retrieves a commit that updates the submodule&#8217;s
2036         reference.
2037         Defaults to <em>on-demand</em>, or to the value of <em>submodule.recurse</em> if set.
2038 </p>
2039 </dd>
2040 <dt class="hdlist1">
2041 fetch.fsckObjects
2042 </dt>
2043 <dd>
2044 <p>
2045         If it is set to true, git-fetch-pack will check all fetched
2046         objects. See <code>transfer.fsckObjects</code> for what&#8217;s
2047         checked. Defaults to false. If not set, the value of
2048         <code>transfer.fsckObjects</code> is used instead.
2049 </p>
2050 </dd>
2051 <dt class="hdlist1">
2052 fetch.fsck.&lt;msg-id&gt;
2053 </dt>
2054 <dd>
2055 <p>
2056         Acts like <code>fsck.&lt;msg-id&gt;</code>, but is used by
2057         <a href="git-fetch-pack.html">git-fetch-pack(1)</a> instead of <a href="git-fsck.html">git-fsck(1)</a>. See
2058         the <code>fsck.&lt;msg-id&gt;</code> documentation for details.
2059 </p>
2060 </dd>
2061 <dt class="hdlist1">
2062 fetch.fsck.skipList
2063 </dt>
2064 <dd>
2065 <p>
2066         Acts like <code>fsck.skipList</code>, but is used by
2067         <a href="git-fetch-pack.html">git-fetch-pack(1)</a> instead of <a href="git-fsck.html">git-fsck(1)</a>. See
2068         the <code>fsck.skipList</code> documentation for details.
2069 </p>
2070 </dd>
2071 <dt class="hdlist1">
2072 fetch.unpackLimit
2073 </dt>
2074 <dd>
2075 <p>
2076         If the number of objects fetched over the Git native
2077         transfer is below this
2078         limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
2079         files. However if the number of received objects equals or
2080         exceeds this limit then the received pack will be stored as
2081         a pack, after adding any missing delta bases.  Storing the
2082         pack from a push can make the push operation complete faster,
2083         especially on slow filesystems.  If not set, the value of
2084         <code>transfer.unpackLimit</code> is used instead.
2085 </p>
2086 </dd>
2087 <dt class="hdlist1">
2088 fetch.prune
2089 </dt>
2090 <dd>
2091 <p>
2092         If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the <code>--prune</code>
2093         option was given on the command line.  See also <code>remote.&lt;name&gt;.prune</code>
2094         and the PRUNING section of <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>.
2095 </p>
2096 </dd>
2097 <dt class="hdlist1">
2098 fetch.pruneTags
2099 </dt>
2100 <dd>
2101 <p>
2102         If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the
2103         <code>refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*</code> refspec was provided when pruning,
2104         if not set already. This allows for setting both this option
2105         and <code>fetch.prune</code> to maintain a 1=1 mapping to upstream
2106         refs. See also <code>remote.&lt;name&gt;.pruneTags</code> and the PRUNING
2107         section of <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>.
2108 </p>
2109 </dd>
2110 <dt class="hdlist1">
2111 fetch.output
2112 </dt>
2113 <dd>
2114 <p>
2115         Control how ref update status is printed. Valid values are
2116         <code>full</code> and <code>compact</code>. Default value is <code>full</code>. See the
2117         OUTPUT section in <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> for details.
2118 </p>
2119 </dd>
2120 <dt class="hdlist1">
2121 fetch.negotiationAlgorithm
2122 </dt>
2123 <dd>
2124 <p>
2125         Control how information about the commits in the local repository
2126         is sent when negotiating the contents of the packfile to be sent by
2127         the server.  Set to "consecutive" to use an algorithm that walks
2128         over consecutive commits checking each one.  Set to "skipping" to
2129         use an algorithm that skips commits in an effort to converge
2130         faster, but may result in a larger-than-necessary packfile; or set
2131         to "noop" to not send any information at all, which will almost
2132         certainly result in a larger-than-necessary packfile, but will skip
2133         the negotiation step.  Set to "default" to override settings made
2134         previously and use the default behaviour.  The default is normally
2135         "consecutive", but if <code>feature.experimental</code> is true, then the
2136         default is "skipping".  Unknown values will cause <em>git fetch</em> to
2137         error out.
2138 </p>
2139 <div class="paragraph"><p>See also the <code>--negotiate-only</code> and <code>--negotiation-tip</code> options to
2140 <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>.</p></div>
2141 </dd>
2142 <dt class="hdlist1">
2143 fetch.showForcedUpdates
2144 </dt>
2145 <dd>
2146 <p>
2147         Set to false to enable <code>--no-show-forced-updates</code> in
2148         <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> and <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> commands.
2149         Defaults to true.
2150 </p>
2151 </dd>
2152 <dt class="hdlist1">
2153 fetch.parallel
2154 </dt>
2155 <dd>
2156 <p>
2157         Specifies the maximal number of fetch operations to be run in parallel
2158         at a time (submodules, or remotes when the <code>--multiple</code> option of
2159         <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> is in effect).
2160 </p>
2161 <div class="paragraph"><p>A value of 0 will give some reasonable default. If unset, it defaults to 1.</p></div>
2162 <div class="paragraph"><p>For submodules, this setting can be overridden using the <code>submodule.fetchJobs</code>
2163 config setting.</p></div>
2164 </dd>
2165 <dt class="hdlist1">
2166 fetch.writeCommitGraph
2167 </dt>
2168 <dd>
2169 <p>
2170         Set to true to write a commit-graph after every <code>git fetch</code> command
2171         that downloads a pack-file from a remote. Using the <code>--split</code> option,
2172         most executions will create a very small commit-graph file on top of
2173         the existing commit-graph file(s). Occasionally, these files will
2174         merge and the write may take longer. Having an updated commit-graph
2175         file helps performance of many Git commands, including <code>git merge-base</code>,
2176         <code>git push -f</code>, and <code>git log --graph</code>. Defaults to false.
2177 </p>
2178 </dd>
2179 <dt class="hdlist1">
2180 fetch.bundleURI
2181 </dt>
2182 <dd>
2183 <p>
2184         This value stores a URI for downloading Git object data from a bundle
2185         URI before performing an incremental fetch from the origin Git server.
2186         This is similar to how the <code>--bundle-uri</code> option behaves in
2187         <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>. <code>git clone --bundle-uri</code> will set the
2188         <code>fetch.bundleURI</code> value if the supplied bundle URI contains a bundle
2189         list that is organized for incremental fetches.
2190 </p>
2191 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you modify this value and your repository has a <code>fetch.bundleCreationToken</code>
2192 value, then remove that <code>fetch.bundleCreationToken</code> value before fetching from
2193 the new bundle URI.</p></div>
2194 </dd>
2195 <dt class="hdlist1">
2196 fetch.bundleCreationToken
2197 </dt>
2198 <dd>
2199 <p>
2200         When using <code>fetch.bundleURI</code> to fetch incrementally from a bundle
2201         list that uses the "creationToken" heuristic, this config value
2202         stores the maximum <code>creationToken</code> value of the downloaded bundles.
2203         This value is used to prevent downloading bundles in the future
2204         if the advertised <code>creationToken</code> is not strictly larger than this
2205         value.
2206 </p>
2207 <div class="paragraph"><p>The creation token values are chosen by the provider serving the specific
2208 bundle URI. If you modify the URI at <code>fetch.bundleURI</code>, then be sure to
2209 remove the value for the <code>fetch.bundleCreationToken</code> value before fetching.</p></div>
2210 </dd>
2211 </dl></div>
2212 </div>
2213 </div>
2214 <div class="sect1">
2215 <h2 id="_bugs">BUGS</h2>
2216 <div class="sectionbody">
2217 <div class="paragraph"><p>Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in submodules that are
2218 present locally e.g. in <code>$GIT_DIR/modules/</code>. If the upstream adds a new
2219 submodule, that submodule cannot be fetched until it is cloned e.g. by <code>git
2220 submodule update</code>. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git version.</p></div>
2221 </div>
2222 </div>
2223 <div class="sect1">
2224 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
2225 <div class="sectionbody">
2226 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a></p></div>
2227 </div>
2228 </div>
2229 <div class="sect1">
2230 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
2231 <div class="sectionbody">
2232 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
2233 </div>
2234 </div>
2235 </div>
2236 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
2237 <div id="footer">
2238 <div id="footer-text">
2239 Last updated
2240  2023-05-15 16:02:03 PDT
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