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 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 giteveryday(7) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>giteveryday -
 743    A useful minimum set of commands for Everyday Git
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="paragraph"><p>Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So</p></div>
 752 </div>
 753 </div>
 754 <div class="sect1">
 755 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 756 <div class="sectionbody">
 757 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git users can broadly be grouped into four categories for the purposes of
 758 describing here a small set of useful command for everyday Git.</p></div>
 759 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 760 <li>
 761 <p>
 762 <a href="#STANDALONE">Individual Developer (Standalone)</a> commands are essential
 763         for anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who works alone.
 764 </p>
 765 </li>
 766 <li>
 767 <p>
 768 If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in
 769         the <a href="#PARTICIPANT">Individual Developer (Participant)</a> section as well.
 770 </p>
 771 </li>
 772 <li>
 773 <p>
 774 People who play the <a href="#INTEGRATOR">Integrator</a> role need to learn some
 775         more commands in addition to the above.
 776 </p>
 777 </li>
 778 <li>
 779 <p>
 780 <a href="#ADMINISTRATION">Repository Administration</a> commands are for system
 781         administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
 782         of Git repositories.
 783 </p>
 784 </li>
 785 </ul></div>
 786 </div>
 787 </div>
 788 <div class="sect1">
 789 <h2 id="_individual_developer_standalone_a_id_standalone_a">Individual Developer (Standalone)<a id="STANDALONE"></a></h2>
 790 <div class="sectionbody">
 791 <div class="paragraph"><p>A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with
 792 other people, and works alone in a single repository, using the
 793 following commands.</p></div>
 794 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 795 <li>
 796 <p>
 797 <a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a> to create a new repository.
 798 </p>
 799 </li>
 800 <li>
 801 <p>
 802 <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> to see what happened.
 803 </p>
 804 </li>
 805 <li>
 806 <p>
 807 <a href="git-switch.html">git-switch(1)</a> and <a href="git-branch.html">git-branch(1)</a> to switch
 808     branches.
 809 </p>
 810 </li>
 811 <li>
 812 <p>
 813 <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> to manage the index file.
 814 </p>
 815 </li>
 816 <li>
 817 <p>
 818 <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> and <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> to see what
 819     you are in the middle of doing.
 820 </p>
 821 </li>
 822 <li>
 823 <p>
 824 <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> to advance the current branch.
 825 </p>
 826 </li>
 827 <li>
 828 <p>
 829 <a href="git-restore.html">git-restore(1)</a> to undo changes.
 830 </p>
 831 </li>
 832 <li>
 833 <p>
 834 <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a> to merge between local branches.
 835 </p>
 836 </li>
 837 <li>
 838 <p>
 839 <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> to maintain topic branches.
 840 </p>
 841 </li>
 842 <li>
 843 <p>
 844 <a href="git-tag.html">git-tag(1)</a> to mark a known point.
 845 </p>
 846 </li>
 847 </ul></div>
 848 <div class="sect2">
 849 <h3 id="_examples">Examples</h3>
 850 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 851 <dt class="hdlist1">
 852 Use a tarball as a starting point for a new repository.
 853 </dt>
 854 <dd>
 855 <div class="listingblock">
 856 <div class="content">
 857 <pre><code>$ tar zxf frotz.tar.gz
 858 $ cd frotz
 859 $ git init
 860 $ git add . <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 861 $ git commit -m "import of frotz source tree."
 862 $ git tag v2.43 <b>&lt;2&gt;</b></code></pre>
 863 </div></div>
 864 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 865 <li>
 866 <p>
 867 add everything under the current directory.
 868 </p>
 869 </li>
 870 <li>
 871 <p>
 872 make a lightweight, unannotated tag.
 873 </p>
 874 </li>
 875 </ol></div>
 876 </dd>
 877 <dt class="hdlist1">
 878 Create a topic branch and develop.
 879 </dt>
 880 <dd>
 881 <div class="listingblock">
 882 <div class="content">
 883 <pre><code>$ git switch -c alsa-audio <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 884 $ edit/compile/test
 885 $ git restore curses/ux_audio_oss.c <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
 886 $ git add curses/ux_audio_alsa.c <b>&lt;3&gt;</b>
 887 $ edit/compile/test
 888 $ git diff HEAD <b>&lt;4&gt;</b>
 889 $ git commit -a -s <b>&lt;5&gt;</b>
 890 $ edit/compile/test
 891 $ git diff HEAD^ <b>&lt;6&gt;</b>
 892 $ git commit -a --amend <b>&lt;7&gt;</b>
 893 $ git switch master <b>&lt;8&gt;</b>
 894 $ git merge alsa-audio <b>&lt;9&gt;</b>
 895 $ git log --since='3 days ago' <b>&lt;10&gt;</b>
 896 $ git log v2.43.. curses/ <b>&lt;11&gt;</b></code></pre>
 897 </div></div>
 898 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 899 <li>
 900 <p>
 901 create a new topic branch.
 902 </p>
 903 </li>
 904 <li>
 905 <p>
 906 revert your botched changes in <code>curses/ux_audio_oss.c</code>.
 907 </p>
 908 </li>
 909 <li>
 910 <p>
 911 you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and
 912 modification will be caught if you do <code>git commit -a</code> later.
 913 </p>
 914 </li>
 915 <li>
 916 <p>
 917 to see what changes you are committing.
 918 </p>
 919 </li>
 920 <li>
 921 <p>
 922 commit everything, as you have tested, with your sign-off.
 923 </p>
 924 </li>
 925 <li>
 926 <p>
 927 look at all your changes including the previous commit.
 928 </p>
 929 </li>
 930 <li>
 931 <p>
 932 amend the previous commit, adding all your new changes,
 933 using your original message.
 934 </p>
 935 </li>
 936 <li>
 937 <p>
 938 switch to the master branch.
 939 </p>
 940 </li>
 941 <li>
 942 <p>
 943 merge a topic branch into your master branch.
 944 </p>
 945 </li>
 946 <li>
 947 <p>
 948 review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be
 949 combined and include <code>-10</code> (to show up to 10 commits),
 950 <code>--until=2005-12-10</code>, etc.
 951 </p>
 952 </li>
 953 <li>
 954 <p>
 955 view only the changes that touch what&#8217;s in <code>curses/</code>
 956 directory, since <code>v2.43</code> tag.
 957 </p>
 958 </li>
 959 </ol></div>
 960 </dd>
 961 </dl></div>
 962 </div>
 963 </div>
 964 </div>
 965 <div class="sect1">
 966 <h2 id="_individual_developer_participant_a_id_participant_a">Individual Developer (Participant)<a id="PARTICIPANT"></a></h2>
 967 <div class="sectionbody">
 968 <div class="paragraph"><p>A developer working as a participant in a group project needs to
 969 learn how to communicate with others, and uses these commands in
 970 addition to the ones needed by a standalone developer.</p></div>
 971 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 972 <li>
 973 <p>
 974 <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> from the upstream to prime your local
 975     repository.
 976 </p>
 977 </li>
 978 <li>
 979 <p>
 980 <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> and <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> from "origin"
 981     to keep up-to-date with the upstream.
 982 </p>
 983 </li>
 984 <li>
 985 <p>
 986 <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> to shared repository, if you adopt CVS
 987     style shared repository workflow.
 988 </p>
 989 </li>
 990 <li>
 991 <p>
 992 <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> to prepare e-mail submission, if
 993     you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow.
 994 </p>
 995 </li>
 996 <li>
 997 <p>
 998 <a href="git-send-email.html">git-send-email(1)</a> to send your e-mail submission without
 999     corruption by your MUA.
1000 </p>
1001 </li>
1002 <li>
1003 <p>
1004 <a href="git-request-pull.html">git-request-pull(1)</a> to create a summary of changes
1005     for your upstream to pull.
1006 </p>
1007 </li>
1008 </ul></div>
1009 <div class="sect2">
1010 <h3 id="_examples_2">Examples</h3>
1011 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1012 <dt class="hdlist1">
1013 Clone the upstream and work on it.  Feed changes to upstream.
1014 </dt>
1015 <dd>
1016 <div class="listingblock">
1017 <div class="content">
1018 <pre><code>$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6
1019 $ cd my2.6
1020 $ git switch -c mine master <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
1021 $ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
1022 $ git format-patch master <b>&lt;3&gt;</b>
1023 $ git send-email --to="person &lt;email@example.com&gt;" 00*.patch <b>&lt;4&gt;</b>
1024 $ git switch master <b>&lt;5&gt;</b>
1025 $ git pull <b>&lt;6&gt;</b>
1026 $ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <b>&lt;7&gt;</b>
1027 $ git ls-remote --heads http://git.kernel.org/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git <b>&lt;8&gt;</b>
1028 $ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <b>&lt;9&gt;</b>
1029 $ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <b>&lt;10&gt;</b>
1030 $ git gc <b>&lt;11&gt;</b></code></pre>
1031 </div></div>
1032 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
1033 <li>
1034 <p>
1035 checkout a new branch <code>mine</code> from master.
1036 </p>
1037 </li>
1038 <li>
1039 <p>
1040 repeat as needed.
1041 </p>
1042 </li>
1043 <li>
1044 <p>
1045 extract patches from your branch, relative to master,
1046 </p>
1047 </li>
1048 <li>
1049 <p>
1050 and email them.
1051 </p>
1052 </li>
1053 <li>
1054 <p>
1055 return to <code>master</code>, ready to see what&#8217;s new
1056 </p>
1057 </li>
1058 <li>
1059 <p>
1060 <code>git pull</code> fetches from <code>origin</code> by default and merges into the
1061 current branch.
1062 </p>
1063 </li>
1064 <li>
1065 <p>
1066 immediately after pulling, look at the changes done upstream
1067 since last time we checked, only in the
1068 area we are interested in.
1069 </p>
1070 </li>
1071 <li>
1072 <p>
1073 check the branch names in an external repository (if not known).
1074 </p>
1075 </li>
1076 <li>
1077 <p>
1078 fetch from a specific branch <code>ALL</code> from a specific repository
1079 and merge it.
1080 </p>
1081 </li>
1082 <li>
1083 <p>
1084 revert the pull.
1085 </p>
1086 </li>
1087 <li>
1088 <p>
1089 garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull.
1090 </p>
1091 </li>
1092 </ol></div>
1093 </dd>
1094 <dt class="hdlist1">
1095 Push into another repository.
1096 </dt>
1097 <dd>
1098 <div class="listingblock">
1099 <div class="content">
1100 <pre><code>satellite$ git clone mothership:frotz frotz <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
1101 satellite$ cd frotz
1102 satellite$ git config --get-regexp '^(remote|branch)\.' <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
1103 remote.origin.url mothership:frotz
1104 remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
1105 branch.master.remote origin
1106 branch.master.merge refs/heads/master
1107 satellite$ git config remote.origin.push \
1108            +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/satellite/* <b>&lt;3&gt;</b>
1109 satellite$ edit/compile/test/commit
1110 satellite$ git push origin <b>&lt;4&gt;</b>
1111
1112 mothership$ cd frotz
1113 mothership$ git switch master
1114 mothership$ git merge satellite/master <b>&lt;5&gt;</b></code></pre>
1115 </div></div>
1116 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
1117 <li>
1118 <p>
1119 mothership machine has a frotz repository under your home
1120 directory; clone from it to start a repository on the satellite
1121 machine.
1122 </p>
1123 </li>
1124 <li>
1125 <p>
1126 clone sets these configuration variables by default.
1127 It arranges <code>git pull</code> to fetch and store the branches of mothership
1128 machine to local <code>remotes/origin/*</code> remote-tracking branches.
1129 </p>
1130 </li>
1131 <li>
1132 <p>
1133 arrange <code>git push</code> to push all local branches to
1134 their corresponding branch of the mothership machine.
1135 </p>
1136 </li>
1137 <li>
1138 <p>
1139 push will stash all our work away on <code>remotes/satellite/*</code>
1140 remote-tracking branches on the mothership machine.  You could use this
1141 as a back-up method. Likewise, you can pretend that mothership
1142 "fetched" from you (useful when access is one sided).
1143 </p>
1144 </li>
1145 <li>
1146 <p>
1147 on mothership machine, merge the work done on the satellite
1148 machine into the master branch.
1149 </p>
1150 </li>
1151 </ol></div>
1152 </dd>
1153 <dt class="hdlist1">
1154 Branch off of a specific tag.
1155 </dt>
1156 <dd>
1157 <div class="listingblock">
1158 <div class="content">
1159 <pre><code>$ git switch -c private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
1160 $ edit/compile/test; git commit -a
1161 $ git checkout master
1162 $ git cherry-pick v2.6.14..private2.6.14 <b>&lt;2&gt;</b></code></pre>
1163 </div></div>
1164 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
1165 <li>
1166 <p>
1167 create a private branch based on a well known (but somewhat behind)
1168 tag.
1169 </p>
1170 </li>
1171 <li>
1172 <p>
1173 forward port all changes in <code>private2.6.14</code> branch to <code>master</code> branch
1174 without a formal "merging". Or longhand<br />
1175 <code>git format-patch -k -m --stdout v2.6.14..private2.6.14 |
1176   git am -3 -k</code>
1177 </p>
1178 </li>
1179 </ol></div>
1180 </dd>
1181 </dl></div>
1182 <div class="paragraph"><p>An alternate participant submission mechanism is using the
1183 <code>git request-pull</code> or pull-request mechanisms (e.g as used on
1184 GitHub (www.github.com) to notify your upstream of your
1185 contribution.</p></div>
1186 </div>
1187 </div>
1188 </div>
1189 <div class="sect1">
1190 <h2 id="_integrator_a_id_integrator_a">Integrator<a id="INTEGRATOR"></a></h2>
1191 <div class="sectionbody">
1192 <div class="paragraph"><p>A fairly central person acting as the integrator in a group
1193 project receives changes made by others, reviews and integrates
1194 them and publishes the result for others to use, using these
1195 commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.</p></div>
1196 <div class="paragraph"><p>This section can also be used by those who respond to <code>git
1197 request-pull</code> or pull-request on GitHub (www.github.com) to
1198 integrate the work of others into their history. A sub-area
1199 lieutenant for a repository will act both as a participant and
1200 as an integrator.</p></div>
1201 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1202 <li>
1203 <p>
1204 <a href="git-am.html">git-am(1)</a> to apply patches e-mailed in from your
1205     contributors.
1206 </p>
1207 </li>
1208 <li>
1209 <p>
1210 <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> to merge from your trusted lieutenants.
1211 </p>
1212 </li>
1213 <li>
1214 <p>
1215 <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> to prepare and send suggested
1216     alternative to contributors.
1217 </p>
1218 </li>
1219 <li>
1220 <p>
1221 <a href="git-revert.html">git-revert(1)</a> to undo botched commits.
1222 </p>
1223 </li>
1224 <li>
1225 <p>
1226 <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> to publish the bleeding edge.
1227 </p>
1228 </li>
1229 </ul></div>
1230 <div class="sect2">
1231 <h3 id="_examples_3">Examples</h3>
1232 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1233 <dt class="hdlist1">
1234 A typical integrator&#8217;s Git day.
1235 </dt>
1236 <dd>
1237 <div class="listingblock">
1238 <div class="content">
1239 <pre><code>$ git status <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
1240 $ git branch --no-merged master <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
1241 $ mailx <b>&lt;3&gt;</b>
1242 &amp; s 2 3 4 5 ./+to-apply
1243 &amp; s 7 8 ./+hold-linus
1244 &amp; q
1245 $ git switch -c topic/one master
1246 $ git am -3 -i -s ./+to-apply <b>&lt;4&gt;</b>
1247 $ compile/test
1248 $ git switch -c hold/linus &amp;&amp; git am -3 -i -s ./+hold-linus <b>&lt;5&gt;</b>
1249 $ git switch topic/one &amp;&amp; git rebase master <b>&lt;6&gt;</b>
1250 $ git switch -C seen next <b>&lt;7&gt;</b>
1251 $ git merge topic/one topic/two &amp;&amp; git merge hold/linus <b>&lt;8&gt;</b>
1252 $ git switch maint
1253 $ git cherry-pick master~4 <b>&lt;9&gt;</b>
1254 $ compile/test
1255 $ git tag -s -m "GIT 0.99.9x" v0.99.9x <b>&lt;10&gt;</b>
1256 $ git fetch ko &amp;&amp; for branch in master maint next seen <b>&lt;11&gt;</b>
1257     do
1258         git show-branch ko/$branch $branch <b>&lt;12&gt;</b>
1259     done
1260 $ git push --follow-tags ko <b>&lt;13&gt;</b></code></pre>
1261 </div></div>
1262 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
1263 <li>
1264 <p>
1265 see what you were in the middle of doing, if anything.
1266 </p>
1267 </li>
1268 <li>
1269 <p>
1270 see which branches haven&#8217;t been merged into <code>master</code> yet.
1271 Likewise for any other integration branches e.g. <code>maint</code>, <code>next</code>
1272 and <code>seen</code>.
1273 </p>
1274 </li>
1275 <li>
1276 <p>
1277 read mails, save ones that are applicable, and save others
1278 that are not quite ready (other mail readers are available).
1279 </p>
1280 </li>
1281 <li>
1282 <p>
1283 apply them, interactively, with your sign-offs.
1284 </p>
1285 </li>
1286 <li>
1287 <p>
1288 create topic branch as needed and apply, again with sign-offs.
1289 </p>
1290 </li>
1291 <li>
1292 <p>
1293 rebase internal topic branch that has not been merged to the
1294 master or exposed as a part of a stable branch.
1295 </p>
1296 </li>
1297 <li>
1298 <p>
1299 restart <code>seen</code> every time from the next.
1300 </p>
1301 </li>
1302 <li>
1303 <p>
1304 and bundle topic branches still cooking.
1305 </p>
1306 </li>
1307 <li>
1308 <p>
1309 backport a critical fix.
1310 </p>
1311 </li>
1312 <li>
1313 <p>
1314 create a signed tag.
1315 </p>
1316 </li>
1317 <li>
1318 <p>
1319 make sure master was not accidentally rewound beyond that
1320 already pushed out.
1321 </p>
1322 </li>
1323 <li>
1324 <p>
1325 In the output from <code>git show-branch</code>, <code>master</code> should have
1326 everything <code>ko/master</code> has, and <code>next</code> should have
1327 everything <code>ko/next</code> has, etc.
1328 </p>
1329 </li>
1330 <li>
1331 <p>
1332 push out the bleeding edge, together with new tags that point
1333 into the pushed history.
1334 </p>
1335 </li>
1336 </ol></div>
1337 </dd>
1338 </dl></div>
1339 <div class="paragraph"><p>In this example, the <code>ko</code> shorthand points at the Git maintainer&#8217;s
1340 repository at kernel.org, and looks like this:</p></div>
1341 <div class="listingblock">
1342 <div class="content">
1343 <pre><code>(in .git/config)
1344 [remote "ko"]
1345         url = kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git
1346         fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/ko/*
1347         push = refs/heads/master
1348         push = refs/heads/next
1349         push = +refs/heads/seen
1350         push = refs/heads/maint</code></pre>
1351 </div></div>
1352 </div>
1353 </div>
1354 </div>
1355 <div class="sect1">
1356 <h2 id="_repository_administration_a_id_administration_a">Repository Administration<a id="ADMINISTRATION"></a></h2>
1357 <div class="sectionbody">
1358 <div class="paragraph"><p>A repository administrator uses the following tools to set up
1359 and maintain access to the repository by developers.</p></div>
1360 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1361 <li>
1362 <p>
1363 <a href="git-daemon.html">git-daemon(1)</a> to allow anonymous download from
1364     repository.
1365 </p>
1366 </li>
1367 <li>
1368 <p>
1369 <a href="git-shell.html">git-shell(1)</a> can be used as a <em>restricted login shell</em>
1370     for shared central repository users.
1371 </p>
1372 </li>
1373 <li>
1374 <p>
1375 <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a> provides a server side implementation
1376     of Git-over-HTTP ("Smart http") allowing both fetch and push services.
1377 </p>
1378 </li>
1379 <li>
1380 <p>
1381 <a href="gitweb.html">gitweb(1)</a> provides a web front-end to Git repositories,
1382     which can be set-up using the <a href="git-instaweb.html">git-instaweb(1)</a> script.
1383 </p>
1384 </li>
1385 </ul></div>
1386 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="howto/update-hook-example.html">update hook howto</a> has a good
1387 example of managing a shared central repository.</p></div>
1388 <div class="paragraph"><p>In addition there are a number of other widely deployed hosting, browsing
1389 and reviewing solutions such as:</p></div>
1390 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1391 <li>
1392 <p>
1393 gitolite, gerrit code review, cgit and others.
1394 </p>
1395 </li>
1396 </ul></div>
1397 <div class="sect2">
1398 <h3 id="_examples_4">Examples</h3>
1399 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1400 <dt class="hdlist1">
1401 We assume the following in /etc/services
1402 </dt>
1403 <dd>
1404 <div class="listingblock">
1405 <div class="content">
1406 <pre><code>$ grep 9418 /etc/services
1407 git             9418/tcp                # Git Version Control System</code></pre>
1408 </div></div>
1409 </dd>
1410 <dt class="hdlist1">
1411 Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from inetd.
1412 </dt>
1413 <dd>
1414 <div class="listingblock">
1415 <div class="content">
1416 <pre><code>$ grep git /etc/inetd.conf
1417 git     stream  tcp     nowait  nobody \
1418   /usr/bin/git-daemon git-daemon --inetd --export-all /pub/scm</code></pre>
1419 </div></div>
1420 <div class="paragraph"><p>The actual configuration line should be on one line.</p></div>
1421 </dd>
1422 <dt class="hdlist1">
1423 Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from xinetd.
1424 </dt>
1425 <dd>
1426 <div class="listingblock">
1427 <div class="content">
1428 <pre><code>$ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon
1429 # default: off
1430 # description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories
1431 service git
1432 {
1433         disable = no
1434         type            = UNLISTED
1435         port            = 9418
1436         socket_type     = stream
1437         wait            = no
1438         user            = nobody
1439         server          = /usr/bin/git-daemon
1440         server_args     = --inetd --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm
1441         log_on_failure  += USERID
1442 }</code></pre>
1443 </div></div>
1444 <div class="paragraph"><p>Check your xinetd(8) documentation and setup, this is from a Fedora system.
1445 Others might be different.</p></div>
1446 </dd>
1447 <dt class="hdlist1">
1448 Give push/pull only access to developers using git-over-ssh.
1449 </dt>
1450 <dd>
1451 <p>
1452 e.g. those using:
1453 <code>$ git push/pull ssh://host.xz/pub/scm/project</code>
1454 </p>
1455 <div class="listingblock">
1456 <div class="content">
1457 <pre><code>$ grep git /etc/passwd <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
1458 alice:x:1000:1000::/home/alice:/usr/bin/git-shell
1459 bob:x:1001:1001::/home/bob:/usr/bin/git-shell
1460 cindy:x:1002:1002::/home/cindy:/usr/bin/git-shell
1461 david:x:1003:1003::/home/david:/usr/bin/git-shell
1462 $ grep git /etc/shells <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
1463 /usr/bin/git-shell</code></pre>
1464 </div></div>
1465 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
1466 <li>
1467 <p>
1468 log-in shell is set to /usr/bin/git-shell, which does not
1469 allow anything but <code>git push</code> and <code>git pull</code>.  The users require
1470 ssh access to the machine.
1471 </p>
1472 </li>
1473 <li>
1474 <p>
1475 in many distributions /etc/shells needs to list what is used
1476 as the login shell.
1477 </p>
1478 </li>
1479 </ol></div>
1480 </dd>
1481 <dt class="hdlist1">
1482 CVS-style shared repository.
1483 </dt>
1484 <dd>
1485 <div class="listingblock">
1486 <div class="content">
1487 <pre><code>$ grep git /etc/group <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
1488 git:x:9418:alice,bob,cindy,david
1489 $ cd /home/devo.git
1490 $ ls -l <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
1491   lrwxrwxrwx   1 david git    17 Dec  4 22:40 HEAD -&gt; refs/heads/master
1492   drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 branches
1493   -rw-rw-r--   1 david git    84 Dec  4 22:40 config
1494   -rw-rw-r--   1 david git    58 Dec  4 22:40 description
1495   drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 hooks
1496   -rw-rw-r--   1 david git 37504 Dec  4 22:40 index
1497   drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 info
1498   drwxrwsr-x   4 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 objects
1499   drwxrwsr-x   4 david git  4096 Nov  7 14:58 refs
1500   drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 remotes
1501 $ ls -l hooks/update <b>&lt;3&gt;</b>
1502   -r-xr-xr-x   1 david git  3536 Dec  4 22:40 update
1503 $ cat info/allowed-users <b>&lt;4&gt;</b>
1504 refs/heads/master       alice\|cindy
1505 refs/heads/doc-update   bob
1506 refs/tags/v[0-9]*       david</code></pre>
1507 </div></div>
1508 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
1509 <li>
1510 <p>
1511 place the developers into the same git group.
1512 </p>
1513 </li>
1514 <li>
1515 <p>
1516 and make the shared repository writable by the group.
1517 </p>
1518 </li>
1519 <li>
1520 <p>
1521 use update-hook example by Carl from Documentation/howto/
1522 for branch policy control.
1523 </p>
1524 </li>
1525 <li>
1526 <p>
1527 alice and cindy can push into master, only bob can push into doc-update.
1528 david is the release manager and is the only person who can
1529 create and push version tags.
1530 </p>
1531 </li>
1532 </ol></div>
1533 </dd>
1534 </dl></div>
1535 </div>
1536 </div>
1537 </div>
1538 <div class="sect1">
1539 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1540 <div class="sectionbody">
1541 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1542 </div>
1543 </div>
1544 </div>
1545 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
1546 <div id="footer">
1547 <div id="footer-text">
1548 Last updated
1549  2020-07-09 15:39:10 PDT
1550 </div>
1551 </div>
1552 </body>
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