gitsubmodules.html

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   5 <head>
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   8 <title>gitsubmodules(7)</title>
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  17 /* Title font. */
  18 h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
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  80 p {
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 347 #toc {
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 419
 420 /*
 421  * xhtml11 specific
 422  *
 423  * */
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 451
 452
 453 /*
 454  * html5 specific
 455  *
 456  * */
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 458 table.tableblock {
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 515
 516 /*
 517  * manpage specific
 518  *
 519  * */
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 537
 538
 539 </style>
 540 <script type="text/javascript">
 541 /*<![CDATA[*/
 542 var asciidoc = {  // Namespace.
 543
 544 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 545 // Table Of Contents generator
 546 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 547
 548 /* Author: Mihai Bazon, September 2002
 549  * http://students.infoiasi.ro/~mishoo
 550  *
 551  * Table Of Content generator
 552  * Version: 0.4
 553  *
 554  * Feel free to use this script under the terms of the GNU General Public
 555  * License, as long as you do not remove or alter this notice.
 556  */
 557
 558  /* modified by Troy D. Hanson, September 2006. License: GPL */
 559  /* modified by Stuart Rackham, 2006, 2009. License: GPL */
 560
 561 // toclevels = 1..4.
 562 toc: function (toclevels) {
 563
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 600   }
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 602   var toc = document.getElementById("toc");
 603   if (!toc) {
 604     return;
 605   }
 606
 607   // Delete existing TOC entries in case we're reloading the TOC.
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 613      && entry.getAttribute("class")
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 619   }
 620
 621   // Rebuild TOC entries.
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 623   for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
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 625     if (entry.element.id == "")
 626       entry.element.id = "_toc_" + i;
 627     var a = document.createElement("a");
 628     a.href = "#" + entry.element.id;
 629     a.appendChild(document.createTextNode(entry.text));
 630     var div = document.createElement("div");
 631     div.appendChild(a);
 632     div.className = "toclevel" + entry.toclevel;
 633     toc.appendChild(div);
 634   }
 635   if (entries.length == 0)
 636     toc.parentNode.removeChild(toc);
 637 },
 638
 639
 640 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 641 // Footnotes generator
 642 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 643
 644 /* Based on footnote generation code from:
 645  * http://www.brandspankingnew.net/archive/2005/07/format_footnote.html
 646  */
 647
 648 footnotes: function () {
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 661   for (i = 0; i < entriesToRemove.length; i++) {
 662     noteholder.removeChild(entriesToRemove[i]);
 663   }
 664
 665   // Rebuild footnote entries.
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 667   var spans = cont.getElementsByTagName("span");
 668   var refs = {};
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 673       var note = spans[i].getAttribute("data-note");
 674       if (!note) {
 675         // Use [\s\S] in place of . so multi-line matches work.
 676         // Because JavaScript has no s (dotall) regex flag.
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 678         spans[i].innerHTML =
 679           "[<a id='_footnoteref_" + n + "' href='#_footnote_" + n +
 680           "' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
 681         spans[i].setAttribute("data-note", note);
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 684         "<div class='footnote' id='_footnote_" + n + "'>" +
 685         "<a href='#_footnoteref_" + n + "' title='Return to text'>" +
 686         n + "</a>. " + note + "</div>";
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 689     }
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 693   else {
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 699         n = refs[href];
 700         spans[i].innerHTML =
 701           "[<a href='#_footnote_" + n +
 702           "' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
 703       }
 704     }
 705   }
 706 },
 707
 708 install: function(toclevels) {
 709   var timerId;
 710
 711   function reinstall() {
 712     asciidoc.footnotes();
 713     if (toclevels) {
 714       asciidoc.toc(toclevels);
 715     }
 716   }
 717
 718   function reinstallAndRemoveTimer() {
 719     clearInterval(timerId);
 720     reinstall();
 721   }
 722
 723   timerId = setInterval(reinstall, 500);
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 726   else
 727     window.onload = reinstallAndRemoveTimer;
 728 }
 729
 730 }
 731 asciidoc.install();
 732 /*]]>*/
 733 </script>
 734 </head>
 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 gitsubmodules(7) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>gitsubmodules -
 743    Mounting one repository inside another
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="literalblock">
 752 <div class="content">
 753 <pre><code>.gitmodules, $GIT_DIR/config</code></pre>
 754 </div></div>
 755 <div class="listingblock">
 756 <div class="content">
 757 <pre><code>git submodule
 758 git &lt;command&gt; --recurse-submodules</code></pre>
 759 </div></div>
 760 </div>
 761 </div>
 762 <div class="sect1">
 763 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 764 <div class="sectionbody">
 765 <div class="paragraph"><p>A submodule is a repository embedded inside another repository.
 766 The submodule has its own history; the repository it is embedded
 767 in is called a superproject.</p></div>
 768 <div class="paragraph"><p>On the filesystem, a submodule usually (but not always - see FORMS below)
 769 consists of (i) a Git directory located under the <code>$GIT_DIR/modules/</code>
 770 directory of its superproject, (ii) a working directory inside the
 771 superproject&#8217;s working directory, and a <code>.git</code> file at the root of
 772 the submodule&#8217;s working directory pointing to (i).</p></div>
 773 <div class="paragraph"><p>Assuming the submodule has a Git directory at <code>$GIT_DIR/modules/foo/</code>
 774 and a working directory at <code>path/to/bar/</code>, the superproject tracks the
 775 submodule via a <code>gitlink</code> entry in the tree at <code>path/to/bar</code> and an entry
 776 in its <code>.gitmodules</code> file (see <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>) of the form
 777 <code>submodule.foo.path = path/to/bar</code>.</p></div>
 778 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>gitlink</code> entry contains the object name of the commit that the
 779 superproject expects the submodule&#8217;s working directory to be at.</p></div>
 780 <div class="paragraph"><p>The section <code>submodule.foo.*</code> in the <code>.gitmodules</code> file gives additional
 781 hints to Git&#8217;s porcelain layer. For example, the <code>submodule.foo.url</code>
 782 setting specifies where to obtain the submodule.</p></div>
 783 <div class="paragraph"><p>Submodules can be used for at least two different use cases:</p></div>
 784 <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
 785 <li>
 786 <p>
 787 Using another project while maintaining independent history.
 788   Submodules allow you to contain the working tree of another project
 789   within your own working tree while keeping the history of both
 790   projects separate. Also, since submodules are fixed to an arbitrary
 791   version, the other project can be independently developed without
 792   affecting the superproject, allowing the superproject project to
 793   fix itself to new versions only when desired.
 794 </p>
 795 </li>
 796 <li>
 797 <p>
 798 Splitting a (logically single) project into multiple
 799    repositories and tying them back together. This can be used to
 800    overcome current limitations of Git&#8217;s implementation to have
 801    finer grained access:
 802 </p>
 803 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 804 <li>
 805 <p>
 806 Size of the Git repository:
 807       In its current form Git scales up poorly for large repositories containing
 808       content that is not compressed by delta computation between trees.
 809       For example, you can use submodules to hold large binary assets
 810       and these repositories can be shallowly cloned such that you do not
 811       have a large history locally.
 812 </p>
 813 </li>
 814 <li>
 815 <p>
 816 Transfer size:
 817       In its current form Git requires the whole working tree present. It
 818       does not allow partial trees to be transferred in fetch or clone.
 819       If the project you work on consists of multiple repositories tied
 820       together as submodules in a superproject, you can avoid fetching the
 821       working trees of the repositories you are not interested in.
 822 </p>
 823 </li>
 824 <li>
 825 <p>
 826 Access control:
 827       By restricting user access to submodules, this can be used to implement
 828       read/write policies for different users.
 829 </p>
 830 </li>
 831 </ul></div>
 832 </li>
 833 </ol></div>
 834 </div>
 835 </div>
 836 <div class="sect1">
 837 <h2 id="_the_configuration_of_submodules">The configuration of submodules</h2>
 838 <div class="sectionbody">
 839 <div class="paragraph"><p>Submodule operations can be configured using the following mechanisms
 840 (from highest to lowest precedence):</p></div>
 841 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 842 <li>
 843 <p>
 844 The command line for those commands that support taking submodules
 845    as part of their pathspecs. Most commands have a boolean flag
 846    <code>--recurse-submodules</code> which specify whether to recurse into submodules.
 847    Examples are <code>grep</code> and <code>checkout</code>.
 848    Some commands take enums, such as <code>fetch</code> and <code>push</code>, where you can
 849    specify how submodules are affected.
 850 </p>
 851 </li>
 852 <li>
 853 <p>
 854 The configuration inside the submodule. This includes <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>
 855    in the submodule, but also settings in the tree such as a <code>.gitattributes</code>
 856    or <code>.gitignore</code> files that specify behavior of commands inside the
 857    submodule.
 858 </p>
 859 <div class="paragraph"><p>For example an effect from the submodule&#8217;s <code>.gitignore</code> file
 860 would be observed when you run <code>git status --ignore-submodules=none</code> in
 861 the superproject. This collects information from the submodule&#8217;s working
 862 directory by running <code>status</code> in the submodule while paying attention
 863 to the <code>.gitignore</code> file of the submodule.</p></div>
 864 <div class="paragraph"><p>The submodule&#8217;s <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code> file would come into play when running
 865 <code>git push --recurse-submodules=check</code> in the superproject, as this would
 866 check if the submodule has any changes not published to any remote. The
 867 remotes are configured in the submodule as usual in the <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>
 868 file.</p></div>
 869 </li>
 870 <li>
 871 <p>
 872 The configuration file <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code> in the superproject.
 873    Git only recurses into active submodules (see "ACTIVE SUBMODULES"
 874    section below).
 875 </p>
 876 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the submodule is not yet initialized, then the configuration
 877 inside the submodule does not exist yet, so where to
 878 obtain the submodule from is configured here for example.</p></div>
 879 </li>
 880 <li>
 881 <p>
 882 The <code>.gitmodules</code> file inside the superproject. A project usually
 883    uses this file to suggest defaults for the upstream collection
 884    of repositories for the mapping that is required between a
 885    submodule&#8217;s name and its path.
 886 </p>
 887 <div class="paragraph"><p>This file mainly serves as the mapping between the name and path of submodules
 888 in the superproject, such that the submodule&#8217;s Git directory can be
 889 located.</p></div>
 890 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the submodule has never been initialized, this is the only place
 891 where submodule configuration is found. It serves as the last fallback
 892 to specify where to obtain the submodule from.</p></div>
 893 </li>
 894 </ul></div>
 895 </div>
 896 </div>
 897 <div class="sect1">
 898 <h2 id="_forms">FORMS</h2>
 899 <div class="sectionbody">
 900 <div class="paragraph"><p>Submodules can take the following forms:</p></div>
 901 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 902 <li>
 903 <p>
 904 The basic form described in DESCRIPTION with a Git directory,
 905 a working directory, a <code>gitlink</code>, and a <code>.gitmodules</code> entry.
 906 </p>
 907 </li>
 908 <li>
 909 <p>
 910 "Old-form" submodule: A working directory with an embedded
 911 <code>.git</code> directory, and the tracking <code>gitlink</code> and <code>.gitmodules</code> entry in
 912 the superproject. This is typically found in repositories generated
 913 using older versions of Git.
 914 </p>
 915 <div class="paragraph"><p>It is possible to construct these old form repositories manually.</p></div>
 916 <div class="paragraph"><p>When deinitialized or deleted (see below), the submodule&#8217;s Git
 917 directory is automatically moved to <code>$GIT_DIR/modules/&lt;name&gt;/</code>
 918 of the superproject.</p></div>
 919 </li>
 920 <li>
 921 <p>
 922 Deinitialized submodule: A <code>gitlink</code>, and a <code>.gitmodules</code> entry,
 923 but no submodule working directory. The submodule&#8217;s Git directory
 924 may be there as after deinitializing the Git directory is kept around.
 925 The directory which is supposed to be the working directory is empty instead.
 926 </p>
 927 <div class="paragraph"><p>A submodule can be deinitialized by running <code>git submodule deinit</code>.
 928 Besides emptying the working directory, this command only modifies
 929 the superproject&#8217;s <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code> file, so the superproject&#8217;s history
 930 is not affected. This can be undone using <code>git submodule init</code>.</p></div>
 931 </li>
 932 <li>
 933 <p>
 934 Deleted submodule: A submodule can be deleted by running
 935 <code>git rm &lt;submodule path&gt; &amp;&amp; git commit</code>. This can be undone
 936 using <code>git revert</code>.
 937 </p>
 938 <div class="paragraph"><p>The deletion removes the superproject&#8217;s tracking data, which are
 939 both the <code>gitlink</code> entry and the section in the <code>.gitmodules</code> file.
 940 The submodule&#8217;s working directory is removed from the file
 941 system, but the Git directory is kept around as it to make it
 942 possible to checkout past commits without requiring fetching
 943 from another repository.</p></div>
 944 <div class="paragraph"><p>To completely remove a submodule, manually delete
 945 <code>$GIT_DIR/modules/&lt;name&gt;/</code>.</p></div>
 946 </li>
 947 </ul></div>
 948 </div>
 949 </div>
 950 <div class="sect1">
 951 <h2 id="_active_submodules">ACTIVE SUBMODULES</h2>
 952 <div class="sectionbody">
 953 <div class="paragraph"><p>A submodule is considered active,</p></div>
 954 <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
 955 <li>
 956 <p>
 957 if <code>submodule.&lt;name&gt;.active</code> is set to <code>true</code>
 958 </p>
 959 <div class="paragraph"><p>or</p></div>
 960 </li>
 961 <li>
 962 <p>
 963 if the submodule&#8217;s path matches the pathspec in <code>submodule.active</code>
 964 </p>
 965 <div class="paragraph"><p>or</p></div>
 966 </li>
 967 <li>
 968 <p>
 969 if <code>submodule.&lt;name&gt;.url</code> is set.
 970 </p>
 971 </li>
 972 </ol></div>
 973 <div class="paragraph"><p>and these are evaluated in this order.</p></div>
 974 <div class="paragraph"><p>For example:</p></div>
 975 <div class="literalblock">
 976 <div class="content">
 977 <pre><code>[submodule "foo"]
 978   active = false
 979   url = https://example.org/foo
 980 [submodule "bar"]
 981   active = true
 982   url = https://example.org/bar
 983 [submodule "baz"]
 984   url = https://example.org/baz</code></pre>
 985 </div></div>
 986 <div class="paragraph"><p>In the above config only the submodule <em>bar</em> and <em>baz</em> are active,
 987 <em>bar</em> due to (1) and <em>baz</em> due to (3). <em>foo</em> is inactive because
 988 (1) takes precedence over (3)</p></div>
 989 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that (3) is a historical artefact and will be ignored if the
 990 (1) and (2) specify that the submodule is not active. In other words,
 991 if we have a <code>submodule.&lt;name&gt;.active</code> set to <code>false</code> or if the
 992 submodule&#8217;s path is excluded in the pathspec in <code>submodule.active</code>, the
 993 url doesn&#8217;t matter whether it is present or not. This is illustrated in
 994 the example that follows.</p></div>
 995 <div class="literalblock">
 996 <div class="content">
 997 <pre><code>[submodule "foo"]
 998   active = true
 999   url = https://example.org/foo
1000 [submodule "bar"]
1001   url = https://example.org/bar
1002 [submodule "baz"]
1003   url = https://example.org/baz
1004 [submodule "bob"]
1005   ignore = true
1006 [submodule]
1007   active = b*
1008   active = :(exclude) baz</code></pre>
1009 </div></div>
1010 <div class="paragraph"><p>In here all submodules except <em>baz</em> (foo, bar, bob) are active.
1011 <em>foo</em> due to its own active flag and all the others due to the
1012 submodule active pathspec, which specifies that any submodule
1013 starting with <em>b</em> except <em>baz</em> are also active, regardless of the
1014 presence of the .url field.</p></div>
1015 </div>
1016 </div>
1017 <div class="sect1">
1018 <h2 id="_workflow_for_a_third_party_library">Workflow for a third party library</h2>
1019 <div class="sectionbody">
1020 <div class="literalblock">
1021 <div class="content">
1022 <pre><code># Add a submodule
1023 git submodule add &lt;URL&gt; &lt;path&gt;</code></pre>
1024 </div></div>
1025 <div class="literalblock">
1026 <div class="content">
1027 <pre><code># Occasionally update the submodule to a new version:
1028 git -C &lt;path&gt; checkout &lt;new version&gt;
1029 git add &lt;path&gt;
1030 git commit -m "update submodule to new version"</code></pre>
1031 </div></div>
1032 <div class="literalblock">
1033 <div class="content">
1034 <pre><code># See the list of submodules in a superproject
1035 git submodule status</code></pre>
1036 </div></div>
1037 <div class="literalblock">
1038 <div class="content">
1039 <pre><code># See FORMS on removing submodules</code></pre>
1040 </div></div>
1041 </div>
1042 </div>
1043 <div class="sect1">
1044 <h2 id="_workflow_for_an_artificially_split_repo">Workflow for an artificially split repo</h2>
1045 <div class="sectionbody">
1046 <div class="literalblock">
1047 <div class="content">
1048 <pre><code># Enable recursion for relevant commands, such that
1049 # regular commands recurse into submodules by default
1050 git config --global submodule.recurse true</code></pre>
1051 </div></div>
1052 <div class="literalblock">
1053 <div class="content">
1054 <pre><code># Unlike most other commands below, clone still needs
1055 # its own recurse flag:
1056 git clone --recurse &lt;URL&gt; &lt;directory&gt;
1057 cd &lt;directory&gt;</code></pre>
1058 </div></div>
1059 <div class="literalblock">
1060 <div class="content">
1061 <pre><code># Get to know the code:
1062 git grep foo
1063 git ls-files --recurse-submodules</code></pre>
1064 </div></div>
1065 <div class="admonitionblock">
1066 <table><tr>
1067 <td class="icon">
1068 <div class="title">Note</div>
1069 </td>
1070 <td class="content"><code>git ls-files</code> also requires its own <code>--recurse-submodules</code> flag.</td>
1071 </tr></table>
1072 </div>
1073 <div class="literalblock">
1074 <div class="content">
1075 <pre><code># Get new code
1076 git fetch
1077 git pull --rebase</code></pre>
1078 </div></div>
1079 <div class="literalblock">
1080 <div class="content">
1081 <pre><code># Change worktree
1082 git checkout
1083 git reset</code></pre>
1084 </div></div>
1085 </div>
1086 </div>
1087 <div class="sect1">
1088 <h2 id="_implementation_details">Implementation details</h2>
1089 <div class="sectionbody">
1090 <div class="paragraph"><p>When cloning or pulling a repository containing submodules the submodules
1091 will not be checked out by default; you can instruct <code>clone</code> to recurse
1092 into submodules. The <code>init</code> and <code>update</code> subcommands of <code>git submodule</code>
1093 will maintain submodules checked out and at an appropriate revision in
1094 your working tree. Alternatively you can set <code>submodule.recurse</code> to have
1095 <code>checkout</code> recursing into submodules (note that <code>submodule.recurse</code> also
1096 affects other Git commands, see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for a complete list).</p></div>
1097 </div>
1098 </div>
1099 <div class="sect1">
1100 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1101 <div class="sectionbody">
1102 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a>, <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>.</p></div>
1103 </div>
1104 </div>
1105 <div class="sect1">
1106 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1107 <div class="sectionbody">
1108 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1109 </div>
1110 </div>
1111 </div>
1112 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
1113 <div id="footer">
1114 <div id="footer-text">
1115 Last updated
1116  2021-12-10 14:52:02 PST
1117 </div>
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