howto/new-command.html

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 735 <body class="article">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>How to integrate new subcommands</h1>
 738 </div>
 739 <div id="content">
 740 <div id="preamble">
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
 743 commands to Git.  It should be read alongside builtin.h.</p></div>
 744 </div>
 745 </div>
 746 <div class="sect1">
 747 <h2 id="_runtime_environment">Runtime environment</h2>
 748 <div class="sectionbody">
 749 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the Git exec
 750 path, normally /usr/lib/git-core.  The git executable itself is a
 751 thin wrapper that knows where the subcommands live, and runs them by
 752 passing command-line arguments to them.</p></div>
 753 <div class="paragraph"><p>(If "git foo" is not found in the Git exec path, the wrapper
 754 will look in the rest of your $PATH for it.  Thus, it&#8217;s possible
 755 to write local Git extensions that don&#8217;t live in system space.)</p></div>
 756 </div>
 757 </div>
 758 <div class="sect1">
 759 <h2 id="_implementation_languages">Implementation languages</h2>
 760 <div class="sectionbody">
 761 <div class="paragraph"><p>Most subcommands are written in C or shell.  A few are written in
 762 Perl.</p></div>
 763 <div class="paragraph"><p>While we strongly encourage coding in portable C for portability,
 764 these specific scripting languages are also acceptable.  We won&#8217;t
 765 accept more without a very strong technical case, as we don&#8217;t want
 766 to broaden the Git suite&#8217;s required dependencies.  Import utilities,
 767 surgical tools, remote helpers and other code at the edges of the
 768 Git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk),
 769 but they should not be used for core functions.</p></div>
 770 <div class="paragraph"><p>This may change in the future.  Especially Python is not allowed in
 771 core because we need better Python integration in the Git Windows
 772 installer before we can be confident people in that environment
 773 won&#8217;t experience an unacceptably large loss of capability.</p></div>
 774 <div class="paragraph"><p>C commands are normally written as single modules, named after the
 775 command, that link a collection of functions called libgit.  Thus,
 776 your command <em>git-foo</em> would normally be implemented as a single
 777 "git-foo.c" (or "builtin/foo.c" if it is to be linked to the main
 778 binary); this organization makes it easy for people reading the code
 779 to find things.</p></div>
 780 <div class="paragraph"><p>See the CodingGuidelines document for other guidance on what we consider
 781 good practice in C and shell, and api-builtin.txt for the support
 782 functions available to built-in commands written in C.</p></div>
 783 </div>
 784 </div>
 785 <div class="sect1">
 786 <h2 id="_what_every_extension_command_needs">What every extension command needs</h2>
 787 <div class="sectionbody">
 788 <div class="paragraph"><p>You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what Git help
 789 followed by your subcommand name will display).  Be aware that there is
 790 a local asciidoc configuration and macros which you should use.  It&#8217;s
 791 often helpful to start by cloning an existing page and replacing the
 792 text content.</p></div>
 793 <div class="paragraph"><p>You must have a test, written to report in TAP (Test Anything Protocol).
 794 Tests are executables (usually shell scripts) that live in the <em>t</em>
 795 subdirectory of the tree.  Each test name begins with <em>t</em> and a sequence
 796 number that controls where in the test sequence it will be executed;
 797 conventionally the rest of the name stem is that of the command
 798 being tested.</p></div>
 799 <div class="paragraph"><p>Read the file t/README to learn more about the conventions to be used
 800 in writing tests, and the test support library.</p></div>
 801 </div>
 802 </div>
 803 <div class="sect1">
 804 <h2 id="_integrating_a_command">Integrating a command</h2>
 805 <div class="sectionbody">
 806 <div class="paragraph"><p>Here are the things you need to do when you want to merge a new
 807 subcommand into the Git tree.</p></div>
 808 <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
 809 <li>
 810 <p>
 811 Don&#8217;t forget to sign off your patch!
 812 </p>
 813 </li>
 814 <li>
 815 <p>
 816 Append your command name to one of the variables BUILTIN_OBJS,
 817 EXTRA_PROGRAMS, SCRIPT_SH, SCRIPT_PERL or SCRIPT_PYTHON.
 818 </p>
 819 </li>
 820 <li>
 821 <p>
 822 Drop its test in the t directory.
 823 </p>
 824 </li>
 825 <li>
 826 <p>
 827 If your command is implemented in an interpreted language with a
 828 p-code intermediate form, make sure .gitignore in the main directory
 829 includes a pattern entry that ignores such files.  Python .pyc and
 830 .pyo files will already be covered.
 831 </p>
 832 </li>
 833 <li>
 834 <p>
 835 If your command has any dependency on a particular version of
 836 your language, document it in the INSTALL file.
 837 </p>
 838 </li>
 839 <li>
 840 <p>
 841 There is a file command-list.txt in the distribution main directory
 842 that categorizes commands by type, so they can be listed in appropriate
 843 subsections in the documentation&#8217;s summary command list.  Add an entry
 844 for yours.  To understand the categories, look at command-list.txt
 845 in the main directory.  If the new command is part of the typical Git
 846 workflow and you believe it common enough to be mentioned in <em>git help</em>,
 847 map this command to a common group in the column [common].
 848 </p>
 849 </li>
 850 <li>
 851 <p>
 852 Give the maintainer one paragraph to include in the RelNotes file
 853 to describe the new feature; a good place to do so is in the cover
 854 letter [PATCH 0/n].
 855 </p>
 856 </li>
 857 </ol></div>
 858 <div class="paragraph"><p>That&#8217;s all there is to it.</p></div>
 859 </div>
 860 </div>
 861 </div>
 862 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
 863 <div id="footer">
 864 <div id="footer-text">
 865 Last updated
 866  2023-03-01 08:44:17 PST
 867 </div>
 868 </div>
 869 </body>
 870 </html>