Autogenerated HTML docs for v2.46.0-540-g4c42d
[git-htmldocs.git] / git-add.html
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441 <body class="manpage">
442 <div id="header">
443 <h1>git-add(1) Manual Page</h1>
444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
445 <div class="sectionbody">
446 <p>git-add - Add file contents to the index</p>
447 </div>
448 </div>
449 <div id="content">
450 <div class="sect1">
451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
452 <div class="sectionbody">
453 <div class="verseblock">
454 <pre class="content"><em>git add</em> [--verbose | -v] [--dry-run | -n] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
455 [--edit | -e] [--[no-]all | -A | --[no-]ignore-removal | [--update | -u]] [--sparse]
456 [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing] [--renormalize]
457 [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--pathspec-from-file=&lt;file&gt; [--pathspec-file-nul]]
458 [--] [&lt;pathspec&gt;&#8230;&#8203;]</pre>
459 </div>
460 </div>
461 </div>
462 <div class="sect1">
463 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
464 <div class="sectionbody">
465 <div class="paragraph">
466 <p>This command updates the index using the current content found in
467 the working tree, to prepare the content staged for the next commit.
468 It typically adds the current content of existing paths as a whole,
469 but with some options it can also be used to add content with
470 only part of the changes made to the working tree files applied, or
471 remove paths that do not exist in the working tree anymore.</p>
472 </div>
473 <div class="paragraph">
474 <p>The "index" holds a snapshot of the content of the working tree, and it
475 is this snapshot that is taken as the contents of the next commit. Thus
476 after making any changes to the working tree, and before running
477 the commit command, you must use the <code>add</code> command to add any new or
478 modified files to the index.</p>
479 </div>
480 <div class="paragraph">
481 <p>This command can be performed multiple times before a commit. It only
482 adds the content of the specified file(s) at the time the add command is
483 run; if you want subsequent changes included in the next commit, then
484 you must run <code>git add</code> again to add the new content to the index.</p>
485 </div>
486 <div class="paragraph">
487 <p>The <code>git status</code> command can be used to obtain a summary of which
488 files have changes that are staged for the next commit.</p>
489 </div>
490 <div class="paragraph">
491 <p>The <code>git add</code> command will not add ignored files by default. If any
492 ignored files were explicitly specified on the command line, <code>git add</code>
493 will fail with a list of ignored files. Ignored files reached by
494 directory recursion or filename globbing performed by Git (quote your
495 globs before the shell) will be silently ignored. The <em>git add</em> command can
496 be used to add ignored files with the <code>-f</code> (force) option.</p>
497 </div>
498 <div class="paragraph">
499 <p>Please see <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> for alternative ways to add content to a
500 commit.</p>
501 </div>
502 </div>
503 </div>
504 <div class="sect1">
505 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
506 <div class="sectionbody">
507 <div class="dlist">
508 <dl>
509 <dt class="hdlist1">&lt;pathspec&gt;&#8230;&#8203;</dt>
510 <dd>
511 <p>Files to add content from. Fileglobs (e.g. <code>*.c</code>) can
512 be given to add all matching files. Also a
513 leading directory name (e.g. <code>dir</code> to add <code>dir/file1</code>
514 and <code>dir/file2</code>) can be given to update the index to
515 match the current state of the directory as a whole (e.g.
516 specifying <code>dir</code> will record not just a file <code>dir/file1</code>
517 modified in the working tree, a file <code>dir/file2</code> added to
518 the working tree, but also a file <code>dir/file3</code> removed from
519 the working tree). Note that older versions of Git used
520 to ignore removed files; use <code>--no-all</code> option if you want
521 to add modified or new files but ignore removed ones.</p>
522 <div class="paragraph">
523 <p>For more details about the <em>&lt;pathspec&gt;</em> syntax, see the <em>pathspec</em> entry
524 in <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>.</p>
525 </div>
526 </dd>
527 <dt class="hdlist1">-n</dt>
528 <dt class="hdlist1">--dry-run</dt>
529 <dd>
530 <p>Don&#8217;t actually add the file(s), just show if they exist and/or will
531 be ignored.</p>
532 </dd>
533 <dt class="hdlist1">-v</dt>
534 <dt class="hdlist1">--verbose</dt>
535 <dd>
536 <p>Be verbose.</p>
537 </dd>
538 <dt class="hdlist1">-f</dt>
539 <dt class="hdlist1">--force</dt>
540 <dd>
541 <p>Allow adding otherwise ignored files.</p>
542 </dd>
543 <dt class="hdlist1">--sparse</dt>
544 <dd>
545 <p>Allow updating index entries outside of the sparse-checkout cone.
546 Normally, <code>git add</code> refuses to update index entries whose paths do
547 not fit within the sparse-checkout cone, since those files might
548 be removed from the working tree without warning. See
549 <a href="git-sparse-checkout.html">git-sparse-checkout(1)</a> for more details.</p>
550 </dd>
551 <dt class="hdlist1">-i</dt>
552 <dt class="hdlist1">--interactive</dt>
553 <dd>
554 <p>Add modified contents in the working tree interactively to
555 the index. Optional path arguments may be supplied to limit
556 operation to a subset of the working tree. See &#8220;Interactive
557 mode&#8221; for details.</p>
558 </dd>
559 <dt class="hdlist1">-p</dt>
560 <dt class="hdlist1">--patch</dt>
561 <dd>
562 <p>Interactively choose hunks of patch between the index and the
563 work tree and add them to the index. This gives the user a chance
564 to review the difference before adding modified contents to the
565 index.</p>
566 <div class="paragraph">
567 <p>This effectively runs <code>add --interactive</code>, but bypasses the
568 initial command menu and directly jumps to the <code>patch</code> subcommand.
569 See &#8220;Interactive mode&#8221; for details.</p>
570 </div>
571 </dd>
572 <dt class="hdlist1">-e</dt>
573 <dt class="hdlist1">--edit</dt>
574 <dd>
575 <p>Open the diff vs. the index in an editor and let the user
576 edit it. After the editor was closed, adjust the hunk headers
577 and apply the patch to the index.</p>
578 <div class="paragraph">
579 <p>The intent of this option is to pick and choose lines of the patch to
580 apply, or even to modify the contents of lines to be staged. This can be
581 quicker and more flexible than using the interactive hunk selector.
582 However, it is easy to confuse oneself and create a patch that does not
583 apply to the index. See EDITING PATCHES below.</p>
584 </div>
585 </dd>
586 <dt class="hdlist1">-u</dt>
587 <dt class="hdlist1">--update</dt>
588 <dd>
589 <p>Update the index just where it already has an entry matching
590 <em>&lt;pathspec&gt;</em>. This removes as well as modifies index entries to
591 match the working tree, but adds no new files.</p>
592 <div class="paragraph">
593 <p>If no <em>&lt;pathspec&gt;</em> is given when <code>-u</code> option is used, all
594 tracked files in the entire working tree are updated (old versions
595 of Git used to limit the update to the current directory and its
596 subdirectories).</p>
597 </div>
598 </dd>
599 <dt class="hdlist1">-A</dt>
600 <dt class="hdlist1">--all</dt>
601 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-ignore-removal</dt>
602 <dd>
603 <p>Update the index not only where the working tree has a file
604 matching <em>&lt;pathspec&gt;</em> but also where the index already has an
605 entry. This adds, modifies, and removes index entries to
606 match the working tree.</p>
607 <div class="paragraph">
608 <p>If no <em>&lt;pathspec&gt;</em> is given when <code>-A</code> option is used, all
609 files in the entire working tree are updated (old versions
610 of Git used to limit the update to the current directory and its
611 subdirectories).</p>
612 </div>
613 </dd>
614 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-all</dt>
615 <dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-removal</dt>
616 <dd>
617 <p>Update the index by adding new files that are unknown to the
618 index and files modified in the working tree, but ignore
619 files that have been removed from the working tree. This
620 option is a no-op when no <em>&lt;pathspec&gt;</em> is used.</p>
621 <div class="paragraph">
622 <p>This option is primarily to help users who are used to older
623 versions of Git, whose "git add <em>&lt;pathspec&gt;</em>&#8230;&#8203;" was a synonym
624 for "git add --no-all <em>&lt;pathspec&gt;</em>&#8230;&#8203;", i.e. ignored removed files.</p>
625 </div>
626 </dd>
627 <dt class="hdlist1">-N</dt>
628 <dt class="hdlist1">--intent-to-add</dt>
629 <dd>
630 <p>Record only the fact that the path will be added later. An entry
631 for the path is placed in the index with no content. This is
632 useful for, among other things, showing the unstaged content of
633 such files with <code>git diff</code> and committing them with <code>git commit
634 -a</code>.</p>
635 </dd>
636 <dt class="hdlist1">--refresh</dt>
637 <dd>
638 <p>Don&#8217;t add the file(s), but only refresh their stat()
639 information in the index.</p>
640 </dd>
641 <dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-errors</dt>
642 <dd>
643 <p>If some files could not be added because of errors indexing
644 them, do not abort the operation, but continue adding the
645 others. The command shall still exit with non-zero status.
646 The configuration variable <code>add.ignoreErrors</code> can be set to
647 true to make this the default behaviour.</p>
648 </dd>
649 <dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-missing</dt>
650 <dd>
651 <p>This option can only be used together with --dry-run. By using
652 this option the user can check if any of the given files would
653 be ignored, no matter if they are already present in the work
654 tree or not.</p>
655 </dd>
656 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-warn-embedded-repo</dt>
657 <dd>
658 <p>By default, <code>git add</code> will warn when adding an embedded
659 repository to the index without using <code>git submodule add</code> to
660 create an entry in <code>.gitmodules</code>. This option will suppress the
661 warning (e.g., if you are manually performing operations on
662 submodules).</p>
663 </dd>
664 <dt class="hdlist1">--renormalize</dt>
665 <dd>
666 <p>Apply the "clean" process freshly to all tracked files to
667 forcibly add them again to the index. This is useful after
668 changing <code>core.autocrlf</code> configuration or the <code>text</code> attribute
669 in order to correct files added with wrong CRLF/LF line endings.
670 This option implies <code>-u</code>. Lone CR characters are untouched, thus
671 while a CRLF cleans to LF, a CRCRLF sequence is only partially
672 cleaned to CRLF.</p>
673 </dd>
674 <dt class="hdlist1">--chmod=(+|-)x</dt>
675 <dd>
676 <p>Override the executable bit of the added files. The executable
677 bit is only changed in the index, the files on disk are left
678 unchanged.</p>
679 </dd>
680 <dt class="hdlist1">--pathspec-from-file=&lt;file&gt;</dt>
681 <dd>
682 <p>Pathspec is passed in <em>&lt;file&gt;</em> instead of commandline args. If
683 <em>&lt;file&gt;</em> is exactly <code>-</code> then standard input is used. Pathspec
684 elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
685 quoted as explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code>
686 (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). See also <code>--pathspec-file-nul</code> and
687 global <code>--literal-pathspecs</code>.</p>
688 </dd>
689 <dt class="hdlist1">--pathspec-file-nul</dt>
690 <dd>
691 <p>Only meaningful with <code>--pathspec-from-file</code>. Pathspec elements are
692 separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
693 literally (including newlines and quotes).</p>
694 </dd>
695 <dt class="hdlist1">--</dt>
696 <dd>
697 <p>This option can be used to separate command-line options from
698 the list of files, (useful when filenames might be mistaken
699 for command-line options).</p>
700 </dd>
701 </dl>
702 </div>
703 </div>
704 </div>
705 <div class="sect1">
706 <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
707 <div class="sectionbody">
708 <div class="ulist">
709 <ul>
710 <li>
711 <p>Adds content from all <code>*.txt</code> files under <code>Documentation</code> directory
712 and its subdirectories:</p>
713 <div class="listingblock">
714 <div class="content">
715 <pre>$ git add Documentation/\*.txt</pre>
716 </div>
717 </div>
718 <div class="paragraph">
719 <p>Note that the asterisk <code>*</code> is quoted from the shell in this
720 example; this lets the command include the files from
721 subdirectories of <code>Documentation/</code> directory.</p>
722 </div>
723 </li>
724 <li>
725 <p>Considers adding content from all git-*.sh scripts:</p>
726 <div class="listingblock">
727 <div class="content">
728 <pre>$ git add git-*.sh</pre>
729 </div>
730 </div>
731 <div class="paragraph">
732 <p>Because this example lets the shell expand the asterisk (i.e. you are
733 listing the files explicitly), it does not consider
734 <code>subdir/git-foo.sh</code>.</p>
735 </div>
736 </li>
737 </ul>
738 </div>
739 </div>
740 </div>
741 <div class="sect1">
742 <h2 id="_interactive_mode">INTERACTIVE MODE</h2>
743 <div class="sectionbody">
744 <div class="paragraph">
745 <p>When the command enters the interactive mode, it shows the
746 output of the <em>status</em> subcommand, and then goes into its
747 interactive command loop.</p>
748 </div>
749 <div class="paragraph">
750 <p>The command loop shows the list of subcommands available, and
751 gives a prompt "What now&gt; ". In general, when the prompt ends
752 with a single <em>&gt;</em>, you can pick only one of the choices given
753 and type return, like this:</p>
754 </div>
755 <div class="listingblock">
756 <div class="content">
757 <pre> *** Commands ***
758 1: status 2: update 3: revert 4: add untracked
759 5: patch 6: diff 7: quit 8: help
760 What now&gt; 1</pre>
761 </div>
762 </div>
763 <div class="paragraph">
764 <p>You also could say <code>s</code> or <code>sta</code> or <code>status</code> above as long as the
765 choice is unique.</p>
766 </div>
767 <div class="paragraph">
768 <p>The main command loop has 6 subcommands (plus help and quit).</p>
769 </div>
770 <div class="dlist">
771 <dl>
772 <dt class="hdlist1">status</dt>
773 <dd>
774 <p>This shows the change between HEAD and index (i.e. what will be
775 committed if you say <code>git commit</code>), and between index and
776 working tree files (i.e. what you could stage further before
777 <code>git commit</code> using <code>git add</code>) for each path. A sample output
778 looks like this:</p>
779 <div class="listingblock">
780 <div class="content">
781 <pre> staged unstaged path
782 1: binary nothing foo.png
783 2: +403/-35 +1/-1 add-interactive.c</pre>
784 </div>
785 </div>
786 <div class="paragraph">
787 <p>It shows that foo.png has differences from HEAD (but that is
788 binary so line count cannot be shown) and there is no
789 difference between indexed copy and the working tree
790 version (if the working tree version were also different,
791 <em>binary</em> would have been shown in place of <em>nothing</em>). The
792 other file, add-interactive.c, has 403 lines added
793 and 35 lines deleted if you commit what is in the index, but
794 working tree file has further modifications (one addition and
795 one deletion).</p>
796 </div>
797 </dd>
798 <dt class="hdlist1">update</dt>
799 <dd>
800 <p>This shows the status information and issues an "Update&gt;&gt;"
801 prompt. When the prompt ends with double <em>&gt;&gt;</em>, you can
802 make more than one selection, concatenated with whitespace or
803 comma. Also you can say ranges. E.g. "2-5 7,9" to choose
804 2,3,4,5,7,9 from the list. If the second number in a range is
805 omitted, all remaining patches are taken. E.g. "7-" to choose
806 7,8,9 from the list. You can say <em>*</em> to choose everything.</p>
807 <div class="paragraph">
808 <p>What you chose are then highlighted with <em>*</em>,
809 like this:</p>
810 </div>
811 <div class="listingblock">
812 <div class="content">
813 <pre> staged unstaged path
814 1: binary nothing foo.png
815 * 2: +403/-35 +1/-1 add-interactive.c</pre>
816 </div>
817 </div>
818 <div class="paragraph">
819 <p>To remove selection, prefix the input with <code>-</code>
820 like this:</p>
821 </div>
822 <div class="listingblock">
823 <div class="content">
824 <pre>Update&gt;&gt; -2</pre>
825 </div>
826 </div>
827 <div class="paragraph">
828 <p>After making the selection, answer with an empty line to stage the
829 contents of working tree files for selected paths in the index.</p>
830 </div>
831 </dd>
832 <dt class="hdlist1">revert</dt>
833 <dd>
834 <p>This has a very similar UI to <em>update</em>, and the staged
835 information for selected paths are reverted to that of the
836 HEAD version. Reverting new paths makes them untracked.</p>
837 </dd>
838 <dt class="hdlist1">add untracked</dt>
839 <dd>
840 <p>This has a very similar UI to <em>update</em> and
841 <em>revert</em>, and lets you add untracked paths to the index.</p>
842 </dd>
843 <dt class="hdlist1">patch</dt>
844 <dd>
845 <p>This lets you choose one path out of a <em>status</em> like selection.
846 After choosing the path, it presents the diff between the index
847 and the working tree file and asks you if you want to stage
848 the change of each hunk. You can select one of the following
849 options and type return:</p>
850 <div class="literalblock">
851 <div class="content">
852 <pre>y - stage this hunk
853 n - do not stage this hunk
854 q - quit; do not stage this hunk or any of the remaining ones
855 a - stage this hunk and all later hunks in the file
856 d - do not stage this hunk or any of the later hunks in the file
857 g - select a hunk to go to
858 / - search for a hunk matching the given regex
859 j - leave this hunk undecided, see next undecided hunk
860 J - leave this hunk undecided, see next hunk
861 k - leave this hunk undecided, see previous undecided hunk
862 K - leave this hunk undecided, see previous hunk
863 s - split the current hunk into smaller hunks
864 e - manually edit the current hunk
865 p - print the current hunk
866 ? - print help</pre>
867 </div>
868 </div>
869 <div class="paragraph">
870 <p>After deciding the fate for all hunks, if there is any hunk
871 that was chosen, the index is updated with the selected hunks.</p>
872 </div>
873 <div class="paragraph">
874 <p>You can omit having to type return here, by setting the configuration
875 variable <code>interactive.singleKey</code> to <code>true</code>.</p>
876 </div>
877 </dd>
878 <dt class="hdlist1">diff</dt>
879 <dd>
880 <p>This lets you review what will be committed (i.e. between
881 HEAD and index).</p>
882 </dd>
883 </dl>
884 </div>
885 </div>
886 </div>
887 <div class="sect1">
888 <h2 id="_editing_patches">EDITING PATCHES</h2>
889 <div class="sectionbody">
890 <div class="paragraph">
891 <p>Invoking <code>git add -e</code> or selecting <code>e</code> from the interactive hunk
892 selector will open a patch in your editor; after the editor exits, the
893 result is applied to the index. You are free to make arbitrary changes
894 to the patch, but note that some changes may have confusing results, or
895 even result in a patch that cannot be applied. If you want to abort the
896 operation entirely (i.e., stage nothing new in the index), simply delete
897 all lines of the patch. The list below describes some common things you
898 may see in a patch, and which editing operations make sense on them.</p>
899 </div>
900 <div class="openblock">
901 <div class="content">
902 <div class="dlist">
903 <dl>
904 <dt class="hdlist1">added content</dt>
905 <dd>
906 <p>Added content is represented by lines beginning with "&#43;". You can
907 prevent staging any addition lines by deleting them.</p>
908 </dd>
909 <dt class="hdlist1">removed content</dt>
910 <dd>
911 <p>Removed content is represented by lines beginning with "-". You can
912 prevent staging their removal by converting the "-" to a " " (space).</p>
913 </dd>
914 <dt class="hdlist1">modified content</dt>
915 <dd>
916 <p>Modified content is represented by "-" lines (removing the old content)
917 followed by "&#43;" lines (adding the replacement content). You can
918 prevent staging the modification by converting "-" lines to " ", and
919 removing "&#43;" lines. Beware that modifying only half of the pair is
920 likely to introduce confusing changes to the index.</p>
921 </dd>
922 </dl>
923 </div>
924 </div>
925 </div>
926 <div class="paragraph">
927 <p>There are also more complex operations that can be performed. But beware
928 that because the patch is applied only to the index and not the working
929 tree, the working tree will appear to "undo" the change in the index.
930 For example, introducing a new line into the index that is in neither
931 the HEAD nor the working tree will stage the new line for commit, but
932 the line will appear to be reverted in the working tree.</p>
933 </div>
934 <div class="paragraph">
935 <p>Avoid using these constructs, or do so with extreme caution.</p>
936 </div>
937 <div class="openblock">
938 <div class="content">
939 <div class="dlist">
940 <dl>
941 <dt class="hdlist1">removing untouched content</dt>
942 <dd>
943 <p>Content which does not differ between the index and working tree may be
944 shown on context lines, beginning with a " " (space). You can stage
945 context lines for removal by converting the space to a "-". The
946 resulting working tree file will appear to re-add the content.</p>
947 </dd>
948 <dt class="hdlist1">modifying existing content</dt>
949 <dd>
950 <p>One can also modify context lines by staging them for removal (by
951 converting " " to "-") and adding a "&#43;" line with the new content.
952 Similarly, one can modify "&#43;" lines for existing additions or
953 modifications. In all cases, the new modification will appear reverted
954 in the working tree.</p>
955 </dd>
956 <dt class="hdlist1">new content</dt>
957 <dd>
958 <p>You may also add new content that does not exist in the patch; simply
959 add new lines, each starting with "&#43;". The addition will appear
960 reverted in the working tree.</p>
961 </dd>
962 </dl>
963 </div>
964 </div>
965 </div>
966 <div class="paragraph">
967 <p>There are also several operations which should be avoided entirely, as
968 they will make the patch impossible to apply:</p>
969 </div>
970 <div class="ulist">
971 <ul>
972 <li>
973 <p>adding context (" ") or removal ("-") lines</p>
974 </li>
975 <li>
976 <p>deleting context or removal lines</p>
977 </li>
978 <li>
979 <p>modifying the contents of context or removal lines</p>
980 </li>
981 </ul>
982 </div>
983 </div>
984 </div>
985 <div class="sect1">
986 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
987 <div class="sectionbody">
988 <div class="paragraph">
989 <p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included
990 from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same
991 as what&#8217;s found there:</p>
992 </div>
993 <div class="dlist">
994 <dl>
995 <dt class="hdlist1">add.ignoreErrors</dt>
996 <dt class="hdlist1">add.ignore-errors (deprecated)</dt>
997 <dd>
998 <p>Tells <em>git add</em> to continue adding files when some files cannot be
999 added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the <code>--ignore-errors</code>
1000 option of <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>. <code>add.ignore-errors</code> is deprecated,
1001 as it does not follow the usual naming convention for configuration
1002 variables.</p>
1003 </dd>
1004 </dl>
1005 </div>
1006 </div>
1007 </div>
1008 <div class="sect1">
1009 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1010 <div class="sectionbody">
1011 <div class="paragraph">
1012 <p><a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a>
1013 <a href="git-rm.html">git-rm(1)</a>
1014 <a href="git-reset.html">git-reset(1)</a>
1015 <a href="git-mv.html">git-mv(1)</a>
1016 <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>
1017 <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a></p>
1018 </div>
1019 </div>
1020 </div>
1021 <div class="sect1">
1022 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1023 <div class="sectionbody">
1024 <div class="paragraph">
1025 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
1026 </div>
1027 </div>
1028 </div>
1029 </div>
1030 <div id="footer">
1031 <div id="footer-text">
1032 Last updated 2024-04-09 14:45:01 -0700
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