git-pack-refs.html

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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>git-pack-refs(1) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>git-pack-refs - Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content"><em>git pack-refs</em> [--all] [--no-prune] [--auto] [--include &lt;pattern&gt;] [--exclude &lt;pattern&gt;]</pre>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="paragraph">
 462 <p>Traditionally, tips of branches and tags (collectively known as
 463 <em>refs</em>) were stored one file per ref in a (sub)directory
 464 under <code>$GIT_DIR/refs</code>
 465 directory.  While many branch tips tend to be updated often,
 466 most tags and some branch tips are never updated.  When a
 467 repository has hundreds or thousands of tags, this
 468 one-file-per-ref format both wastes storage and hurts
 469 performance.</p>
 470 </div>
 471 <div class="paragraph">
 472 <p>This command is used to solve the storage and performance
 473 problem by storing the refs in a single file,
 474 <code>$GIT_DIR/packed-refs</code>.  When a ref is missing from the
 475 traditional <code>$GIT_DIR/refs</code> directory hierarchy, it is looked
 476 up in this
 477 file and used if found.</p>
 478 </div>
 479 <div class="paragraph">
 480 <p>Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under
 481 <code>$GIT_DIR/refs</code> directory hierarchy.</p>
 482 </div>
 483 <div class="paragraph">
 484 <p>A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many
 485 refs is to pack its refs with <code>--all</code> once, and
 486 occasionally run <code>git pack-refs</code>.  Tags are by
 487 definition stationary and are not expected to change.  Branch
 488 heads will be packed with the initial <code>pack-refs --all</code>, but
 489 only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked,
 490 and the next <code>pack-refs</code> (without <code>--all</code>) will leave them
 491 unpacked.</p>
 492 </div>
 493 </div>
 494 </div>
 495 <div class="sect1">
 496 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 497 <div class="sectionbody">
 498 <div class="dlist">
 499 <dl>
 500 <dt class="hdlist1">--all</dt>
 501 <dd>
 502 <p>The command by default packs all tags and refs that are already
 503 packed, and leaves other refs
 504 alone.  This is because branches are expected to be actively
 505 developed and packing their tips does not help performance.
 506 This option causes all refs to be packed as well, with the exception
 507 of hidden refs, broken refs, and symbolic refs. Useful for a repository
 508 with many branches of historical interests.</p>
 509 </dd>
 510 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-prune</dt>
 511 <dd>
 512 <p>The command usually removes loose refs under <code>$GIT_DIR/refs</code>
 513 hierarchy after packing them.  This option tells it not to.</p>
 514 </dd>
 515 <dt class="hdlist1">--auto</dt>
 516 <dd>
 517 <p>Pack refs as needed depending on the current state of the ref database. The
 518 behavior depends on the ref format used by the repository and may change in the
 519 future.</p>
 520 <div class="ulist">
 521 <ul>
 522 <li>
 523 <p>"files": No special handling for <code>--auto</code> has been implemented.</p>
 524 </li>
 525 <li>
 526 <p>"reftable": Tables are compacted such that they form a geometric
 527 sequence. For two tables N and N+1, where N+1 is newer, this
 528 maintains the property that N is at least twice as big as N+1. Only
 529 tables that violate this property are compacted.</p>
 530 </li>
 531 </ul>
 532 </div>
 533 </dd>
 534 <dt class="hdlist1">--include &lt;pattern&gt;</dt>
 535 <dd>
 536 <p>Pack refs based on a <code>glob(7)</code> pattern. Repetitions of this option
 537 accumulate inclusion patterns. If a ref is both included in <code>--include</code> and
 538 <code>--exclude</code>, <code>--exclude</code> takes precedence. Using <code>--include</code> will preclude all
 539 tags from being included by default. Symbolic refs and broken refs will never
 540 be packed. When used with <code>--all</code>, it will be a noop. Use <code>--no-include</code> to clear
 541 and reset the list of patterns.</p>
 542 </dd>
 543 <dt class="hdlist1">--exclude &lt;pattern&gt;</dt>
 544 <dd>
 545 <p>Do not pack refs matching the given <code>glob(7)</code> pattern. Repetitions of this option
 546 accumulate exclusion patterns. Use <code>--no-exclude</code> to clear and reset the list of
 547 patterns. If a ref is already packed, including it with <code>--exclude</code> will not
 548 unpack it.</p>
 549 </dd>
 550 </dl>
 551 </div>
 552 <div class="paragraph">
 553 <p>When used with <code>--all</code>, pack only loose refs which do not match any of
 554 the provided <code>--exclude</code> patterns.</p>
 555 </div>
 556 <div class="paragraph">
 557 <p>When used with <code>--include</code>, refs provided to <code>--include</code>, minus refs that are
 558 provided to <code>--exclude</code> will be packed.</p>
 559 </div>
 560 </div>
 561 </div>
 562 <div class="sect1">
 563 <h2 id="_bugs">BUGS</h2>
 564 <div class="sectionbody">
 565 <div class="paragraph">
 566 <p>Older documentation written before the packed-refs mechanism was
 567 introduced may still say things like ".git/refs/heads/&lt;branch&gt; file
 568 exists" when it means "branch &lt;branch&gt; exists".</p>
 569 </div>
 570 </div>
 571 </div>
 572 <div class="sect1">
 573 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 574 <div class="sectionbody">
 575 <div class="paragraph">
 576 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 577 </div>
 578 </div>
 579 </div>
 580 </div>
 581 <div id="footer">
 582 <div id="footer-text">
 583 Last updated 2024-04-09 14:45:01 -0700
 584 </div>
 585 </div>
 586 </body>
 587 </html>