git-repack.html

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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>git-repack(1) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>git-repack - Pack unpacked objects in a repository</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content"><em>git repack</em> [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [-b] [-m] [--window=&lt;n&gt;] [--depth=&lt;n&gt;] [--threads=&lt;n&gt;] [--keep-pack=&lt;pack-name&gt;] [--write-midx]</pre>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="paragraph">
 462 <p>This command is used to combine all objects that do not currently
 463 reside in a "pack", into a pack.  It can also be used to re-organize
 464 existing packs into a single, more efficient pack.</p>
 465 </div>
 466 <div class="paragraph">
 467 <p>A pack is a collection of objects, individually compressed, with
 468 delta compression applied, stored in a single file, with an
 469 associated index file.</p>
 470 </div>
 471 <div class="paragraph">
 472 <p>Packs are used to reduce the load on mirror systems, backup
 473 engines, disk storage, etc.</p>
 474 </div>
 475 </div>
 476 </div>
 477 <div class="sect1">
 478 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 479 <div class="sectionbody">
 480 <div class="dlist">
 481 <dl>
 482 <dt class="hdlist1">-a</dt>
 483 <dd>
 484 <p>Instead of incrementally packing the unpacked objects,
 485 pack everything referenced into a single pack.
 486 Especially useful when packing a repository that is used
 487 for private development. Use
 488 with <code>-d</code>.  This will clean up the objects that <code>git prune</code>
 489 leaves behind, but <code>git fsck --full --dangling</code> shows as
 490 dangling.</p>
 491 <div class="paragraph">
 492 <p>Note that users fetching over dumb protocols will have to fetch the
 493 whole new pack in order to get any contained object, no matter how many
 494 other objects in that pack they already have locally.</p>
 495 </div>
 496 <div class="paragraph">
 497 <p>Promisor packfiles are repacked separately: if there are packfiles that
 498 have an associated ".promisor" file, these packfiles will be repacked
 499 into another separate pack, and an empty ".promisor" file corresponding
 500 to the new separate pack will be written.</p>
 501 </div>
 502 </dd>
 503 <dt class="hdlist1">-A</dt>
 504 <dd>
 505 <p>Same as <code>-a</code>, unless <code>-d</code> is used.  Then any unreachable
 506 objects in a previous pack become loose, unpacked objects,
 507 instead of being left in the old pack.  Unreachable objects
 508 are never intentionally added to a pack, even when repacking.
 509 This option prevents unreachable objects from being immediately
 510 deleted by way of being left in the old pack and then
 511 removed.  Instead, the loose unreachable objects
 512 will be pruned according to normal expiry rules
 513 with the next <em>git gc</em> invocation. See <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>.</p>
 514 </dd>
 515 <dt class="hdlist1">-d</dt>
 516 <dd>
 517 <p>After packing, if the newly created packs make some
 518 existing packs redundant, remove the redundant packs.
 519 Also run  <em>git prune-packed</em> to remove redundant
 520 loose object files.</p>
 521 </dd>
 522 <dt class="hdlist1">--cruft</dt>
 523 <dd>
 524 <p>Same as <code>-a</code>, unless <code>-d</code> is used. Then any unreachable objects
 525 are packed into a separate cruft pack. Unreachable objects can
 526 be pruned using the normal expiry rules with the next <code>git gc</code>
 527 invocation (see <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>). Incompatible with <code>-k</code>.</p>
 528 </dd>
 529 <dt class="hdlist1">--cruft-expiration=&lt;approxidate&gt;</dt>
 530 <dd>
 531 <p>Expire unreachable objects older than <code>&lt;approxidate&gt;</code>
 532 immediately instead of waiting for the next <code>git gc</code> invocation.
 533 Only useful with <code>--cruft -d</code>.</p>
 534 </dd>
 535 <dt class="hdlist1">--max-cruft-size=&lt;n&gt;</dt>
 536 <dd>
 537 <p>Repack cruft objects into packs as large as <code>&lt;n&gt;</code> bytes before
 538 creating new packs. As long as there are enough cruft packs
 539 smaller than <code>&lt;n&gt;</code>, repacking will cause a new cruft pack to
 540 be created containing objects from any combined cruft packs,
 541 along with any new unreachable objects. Cruft packs larger than
 542 <code>&lt;n&gt;</code> will not be modified. When the new cruft pack is larger
 543 than <code>&lt;n&gt;</code> bytes, it will be split into multiple packs, all of
 544 which are guaranteed to be at most <code>&lt;n&gt;</code> bytes in size. Only
 545 useful with <code>--cruft -d</code>.</p>
 546 </dd>
 547 <dt class="hdlist1">--expire-to=&lt;dir&gt;</dt>
 548 <dd>
 549 <p>Write a cruft pack containing pruned objects (if any) to the
 550 directory <code>&lt;dir&gt;</code>. This option is useful for keeping a copy of
 551 any pruned objects in a separate directory as a backup. Only
 552 useful with <code>--cruft -d</code>.</p>
 553 </dd>
 554 <dt class="hdlist1">-l</dt>
 555 <dd>
 556 <p>Pass the <code>--local</code> option to <em>git pack-objects</em>. See
 557 <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
 558 </dd>
 559 <dt class="hdlist1">-f</dt>
 560 <dd>
 561 <p>Pass the <code>--no-reuse-delta</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see
 562 <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
 563 </dd>
 564 <dt class="hdlist1">-F</dt>
 565 <dd>
 566 <p>Pass the <code>--no-reuse-object</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see
 567 <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
 568 </dd>
 569 <dt class="hdlist1">-q</dt>
 570 <dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt>
 571 <dd>
 572 <p>Show no progress over the standard error stream and pass the <code>-q</code>
 573 option to <em>git pack-objects</em>. See <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
 574 </dd>
 575 <dt class="hdlist1">-n</dt>
 576 <dd>
 577 <p>Do not update the server information with
 578 <em>git update-server-info</em>.  This option skips
 579 updating local catalog files needed to publish
 580 this repository (or a direct copy of it)
 581 over HTTP or FTP.  See <a href="git-update-server-info.html">git-update-server-info(1)</a>.</p>
 582 </dd>
 583 <dt class="hdlist1">--window=&lt;n&gt;</dt>
 584 <dt class="hdlist1">--depth=&lt;n&gt;</dt>
 585 <dd>
 586 <p>These two options affect how the objects contained in the pack are
 587 stored using delta compression. The objects are first internally
 588 sorted by type, size and optionally names and compared against the
 589 other objects within <code>--window</code> to see if using delta compression saves
 590 space. <code>--depth</code> limits the maximum delta depth; making it too deep
 591 affects the performance on the unpacker side, because delta data needs
 592 to be applied that many times to get to the necessary object.</p>
 593 <div class="paragraph">
 594 <p>The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50. The maximum
 595 depth is 4095.</p>
 596 </div>
 597 </dd>
 598 <dt class="hdlist1">--threads=&lt;n&gt;</dt>
 599 <dd>
 600 <p>This option is passed through to <code>git pack-objects</code>.</p>
 601 </dd>
 602 <dt class="hdlist1">--window-memory=&lt;n&gt;</dt>
 603 <dd>
 604 <p>This option provides an additional limit on top of <code>--window</code>;
 605 the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take
 606 up more than <em>&lt;n&gt;</em> bytes in memory.  This is useful in
 607 repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run
 608 out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take
 609 advantage of the large window for the smaller objects.  The
 610 size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".
 611 <code>--window-memory=0</code> makes memory usage unlimited.  The default
 612 is taken from the <code>pack.windowMemory</code> configuration variable.
 613 Note that the actual memory usage will be the limit multiplied
 614 by the number of threads used by <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
 615 </dd>
 616 <dt class="hdlist1">--max-pack-size=&lt;n&gt;</dt>
 617 <dd>
 618 <p>Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with
 619 "k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
 620 If specified, multiple packfiles may be created, which also
 621 prevents the creation of a bitmap index.
 622 The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
 623 <code>pack.packSizeLimit</code> is set. Note that this option may result in
 624 a larger and slower repository; see the discussion in
 625 <code>pack.packSizeLimit</code>.</p>
 626 </dd>
 627 <dt class="hdlist1">--filter=&lt;filter-spec&gt;</dt>
 628 <dd>
 629 <p>Remove objects matching the filter specification from the
 630 resulting packfile and put them into a separate packfile. Note
 631 that objects used in the working directory are not filtered
 632 out. So for the split to fully work, it&#8217;s best to perform it
 633 in a bare repo and to use the <code>-a</code> and <code>-d</code> options along with
 634 this option.  Also <code>--no-write-bitmap-index</code> (or the
 635 <code>repack.writebitmaps</code> config option set to <code>false</code>) should be
 636 used otherwise writing bitmap index will fail, as it supposes
 637 a single packfile containing all the objects. See
 638 <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a> for valid <code>&lt;filter-spec&gt;</code> forms.</p>
 639 </dd>
 640 <dt class="hdlist1">--filter-to=&lt;dir&gt;</dt>
 641 <dd>
 642 <p>Write the pack containing filtered out objects to the
 643 directory <code>&lt;dir&gt;</code>. Only useful with <code>--filter</code>. This can be
 644 used for putting the pack on a separate object directory that
 645 is accessed through the Git alternates mechanism. <strong>WARNING:</strong>
 646 If the packfile containing the filtered out objects is not
 647 accessible, the repo can become corrupt as it might not be
 648 possible to access the objects in that packfile. See the
 649 <code>objects</code> and <code>objects/info/alternates</code> sections of
 650 <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>.</p>
 651 </dd>
 652 <dt class="hdlist1">-b</dt>
 653 <dt class="hdlist1">--write-bitmap-index</dt>
 654 <dd>
 655 <p>Write a reachability bitmap index as part of the repack. This
 656 only makes sense when used with <code>-a</code>, <code>-A</code> or <code>-m</code>, as the bitmaps
 657 must be able to refer to all reachable objects. This option
 658 overrides the setting of <code>repack.writeBitmaps</code>. This option
 659 has no effect if multiple packfiles are created, unless writing a
 660 MIDX (in which case a multi-pack bitmap is created).</p>
 661 </dd>
 662 <dt class="hdlist1">--pack-kept-objects</dt>
 663 <dd>
 664 <p>Include objects in <code>.keep</code> files when repacking.  Note that we
 665 still do not delete <code>.keep</code> packs after <code>pack-objects</code> finishes.
 666 This means that we may duplicate objects, but this makes the
 667 option safe to use when there are concurrent pushes or fetches.
 668 This option is generally only useful if you are writing bitmaps
 669 with <code>-b</code> or <code>repack.writeBitmaps</code>, as it ensures that the
 670 bitmapped packfile has the necessary objects.</p>
 671 </dd>
 672 <dt class="hdlist1">--keep-pack=&lt;pack-name&gt;</dt>
 673 <dd>
 674 <p>Exclude the given pack from repacking. This is the equivalent
 675 of having <code>.keep</code> file on the pack. <code>&lt;pack-name&gt;</code> is the
 676 pack file name without leading directory (e.g. <code>pack-123.pack</code>).
 677 The option can be specified multiple times to keep multiple
 678 packs.</p>
 679 </dd>
 680 <dt class="hdlist1">--unpack-unreachable=&lt;when&gt;</dt>
 681 <dd>
 682 <p>When loosening unreachable objects, do not bother loosening any
 683 objects older than <code>&lt;when&gt;</code>. This can be used to optimize out
 684 the write of any objects that would be immediately pruned by
 685 a follow-up <code>git prune</code>.</p>
 686 </dd>
 687 <dt class="hdlist1">-k</dt>
 688 <dt class="hdlist1">--keep-unreachable</dt>
 689 <dd>
 690 <p>When used with <code>-ad</code>, any unreachable objects from existing
 691 packs will be appended to the end of the packfile instead of
 692 being removed. In addition, any unreachable loose objects will
 693 be packed (and their loose counterparts removed).</p>
 694 </dd>
 695 <dt class="hdlist1">-i</dt>
 696 <dt class="hdlist1">--delta-islands</dt>
 697 <dd>
 698 <p>Pass the <code>--delta-islands</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see
 699 <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
 700 </dd>
 701 <dt class="hdlist1">-g&lt;factor&gt;</dt>
 702 <dt class="hdlist1">--geometric=&lt;factor&gt;</dt>
 703 <dd>
 704 <p>Arrange resulting pack structure so that each successive pack
 705 contains at least <code>&lt;factor&gt;</code> times the number of objects as the
 706 next-largest pack.</p>
 707 <div class="paragraph">
 708 <p><code>git repack</code> ensures this by determining a "cut" of packfiles that need
 709 to be repacked into one in order to ensure a geometric progression. It
 710 picks the smallest set of packfiles such that as many of the larger
 711 packfiles (by count of objects contained in that pack) may be left
 712 intact.</p>
 713 </div>
 714 <div class="paragraph">
 715 <p>Unlike other repack modes, the set of objects to pack is determined
 716 uniquely by the set of packs being "rolled-up"; in other words, the
 717 packs determined to need to be combined in order to restore a geometric
 718 progression.</p>
 719 </div>
 720 <div class="paragraph">
 721 <p>Loose objects are implicitly included in this "roll-up", without respect to
 722 their reachability. This is subject to change in the future.</p>
 723 </div>
 724 <div class="paragraph">
 725 <p>When writing a multi-pack bitmap, <code>git repack</code> selects the largest resulting
 726 pack as the preferred pack for object selection by the MIDX (see
 727 <a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>).</p>
 728 </div>
 729 </dd>
 730 <dt class="hdlist1">-m</dt>
 731 <dt class="hdlist1">--write-midx</dt>
 732 <dd>
 733 <p>Write a multi-pack index (see <a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>)
 734 containing the non-redundant packs.</p>
 735 </dd>
 736 </dl>
 737 </div>
 738 </div>
 739 </div>
 740 <div class="sect1">
 741 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
 742 <div class="sectionbody">
 743 <div class="paragraph">
 744 <p>Various configuration variables affect packing, see
 745 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> (search for "pack" and "delta").</p>
 746 </div>
 747 <div class="paragraph">
 748 <p>By default, the command passes <code>--delta-base-offset</code> option to
 749 <em>git pack-objects</em>; this typically results in slightly smaller packs,
 750 but the generated packs are incompatible with versions of Git older than
 751 version 1.4.4. If you need to share your repository with such ancient Git
 752 versions, either directly or via the dumb http protocol, then you
 753 need to set the configuration variable <code>repack.UseDeltaBaseOffset</code> to
 754 "false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the native protocol
 755 is unaffected by this option as the conversion is performed on the fly
 756 as needed in that case.</p>
 757 </div>
 758 <div class="paragraph">
 759 <p>Delta compression is not used on objects larger than the
 760 <code>core.bigFileThreshold</code> configuration variable and on files with the
 761 attribute <code>delta</code> set to false.</p>
 762 </div>
 763 </div>
 764 </div>
 765 <div class="sect1">
 766 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
 767 <div class="sectionbody">
 768 <div class="paragraph">
 769 <p><a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>
 770 <a href="git-prune-packed.html">git-prune-packed(1)</a></p>
 771 </div>
 772 </div>
 773 </div>
 774 <div class="sect1">
 775 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 776 <div class="sectionbody">
 777 <div class="paragraph">
 778 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 779 </div>
 780 </div>
 781 </div>
 782 </div>
 783 <div id="footer">
 784 <div id="footer-text">
 785 Last updated 2023-10-29 16:42:00 -0700
 786 </div>
 787 </div>
 788 </body>
 789 </html>