6 git-update-ref - Update the object name stored in a ref safely
11 'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] [--no-deref] (-d <ref> [<old-oid>] | [--create-reflog] <ref> <new-oid> [<old-oid>] | --stdin [-z])
15 Given two arguments, stores the <new-oid> in the <ref>, possibly
16 dereferencing the symbolic refs. E.g. `git update-ref HEAD
17 <new-oid>` updates the current branch head to the new object.
19 Given three arguments, stores the <new-oid> in the <ref>,
20 possibly dereferencing the symbolic refs, after verifying that
21 the current value of the <ref> matches <old-oid>.
22 E.g. `git update-ref refs/heads/master <new-oid> <old-oid>`
23 updates the master branch head to <new-oid> only if its current
24 value is <old-oid>. You can specify 40 "0" or an empty string
25 as <old-oid> to make sure that the ref you are creating does
28 It also allows a "ref" file to be a symbolic pointer to another
29 ref file by starting with the four-byte header sequence of
32 More importantly, it allows the update of a ref file to follow
33 these symbolic pointers, whether they are symlinks or these
34 "regular file symbolic refs". It follows *real* symlinks only
35 if they start with "refs/": otherwise it will just try to read
36 them and update them as a regular file (i.e. it will allow the
37 filesystem to follow them, but will overwrite such a symlink to
38 somewhere else with a regular filename).
40 If --no-deref is given, <ref> itself is overwritten, rather than
41 the result of following the symbolic pointers.
45 git update-ref HEAD "$head"
47 should be a _lot_ safer than doing
49 echo "$head" > "$GIT_DIR/HEAD"
51 both from a symlink following standpoint *and* an error checking
52 standpoint. The "refs/" rule for symlinks means that symlinks
53 that point to "outside" the tree are safe: they'll be followed
54 for reading but not for writing (so we'll never write through a
55 ref symlink to some other tree, if you have copied a whole
56 archive by creating a symlink tree).
58 With `-d` flag, it deletes the named <ref> after verifying it
59 still contains <old-oid>.
61 With `--stdin`, update-ref reads instructions from standard input and
62 performs all modifications together. Specify commands of the form:
64 update SP <ref> SP <new-oid> [SP <old-oid>] LF
65 create SP <ref> SP <new-oid> LF
66 delete SP <ref> [SP <old-oid>] LF
67 verify SP <ref> [SP <old-oid>] LF
68 symref-update SP <ref> SP <new-target> [SP (ref SP <old-target> | oid SP <old-oid>)] LF
69 symref-create SP <ref> SP <new-target> LF
70 symref-delete SP <ref> [SP <old-target>] LF
71 symref-verify SP <ref> [SP <old-target>] LF
78 With `--create-reflog`, update-ref will create a reflog for each ref
79 even if one would not ordinarily be created.
81 Quote fields containing whitespace as if they were strings in C source
82 code; i.e., surrounded by double-quotes and with backslash escapes.
83 Use 40 "0" characters or the empty string to specify a zero value. To
84 specify a missing value, omit the value and its preceding SP entirely.
86 Alternatively, use `-z` to specify in NUL-terminated format, without
89 update SP <ref> NUL <new-oid> NUL [<old-oid>] NUL
90 create SP <ref> NUL <new-oid> NUL
91 delete SP <ref> NUL [<old-oid>] NUL
92 verify SP <ref> NUL [<old-oid>] NUL
93 symref-update SP <ref> NUL <new-target> [NUL (ref NUL <old-target> | oid NUL <old-oid>)] NUL
94 symref-create SP <ref> NUL <new-target> NUL
95 symref-delete SP <ref> [NUL <old-target>] NUL
96 symref-verify SP <ref> [NUL <old-target>] NUL
103 In this format, use 40 "0" to specify a zero value, and use the empty
104 string to specify a missing value.
106 In either format, values can be specified in any form that Git
107 recognizes as an object name. Commands in any other format or a
108 repeated <ref> produce an error. Command meanings are:
111 Set <ref> to <new-oid> after verifying <old-oid>, if given.
112 Specify a zero <new-oid> to ensure the ref does not exist
113 after the update and/or a zero <old-oid> to make sure the
114 ref does not exist before the update.
117 Create <ref> with <new-oid> after verifying it does not
118 exist. The given <new-oid> may not be zero.
121 Delete <ref> after verifying it exists with <old-oid>, if
122 given. If given, <old-oid> may not be zero.
125 Set <ref> to <new-target> after verifying <old-target> or <old-oid>,
126 if given. Specify a zero <old-oid> to ensure that the ref does not
127 exist before the update.
130 Verify <ref> against <old-oid> but do not change it. If
131 <old-oid> is zero or missing, the ref must not exist.
134 Create symbolic ref <ref> with <new-target> after verifying
138 Delete <ref> after verifying it exists with <old-target>, if given.
141 Verify symbolic <ref> against <old-target> but do not change it.
142 If <old-target> is missing, the ref must not exist. Can only be
143 used in `no-deref` mode.
146 Modify the behavior of the next command naming a <ref>.
147 The only valid option is `no-deref` to avoid dereferencing
151 Start a transaction. In contrast to a non-transactional session, a
152 transaction will automatically abort if the session ends without an
153 explicit commit. This command may create a new empty transaction when
154 the current one has been committed or aborted already.
157 Prepare to commit the transaction. This will create lock files for all
158 queued reference updates. If one reference could not be locked, the
159 transaction will be aborted.
162 Commit all reference updates queued for the transaction, ending the
166 Abort the transaction, releasing all locks if the transaction is in
169 If all <ref>s can be locked with matching <old-oid>s
170 simultaneously, all modifications are performed. Otherwise, no
171 modifications are performed. Note that while each individual
172 <ref> is updated or deleted atomically, a concurrent reader may
173 still see a subset of the modifications.
177 If config parameter "core.logAllRefUpdates" is true and the ref is one
178 under "refs/heads/", "refs/remotes/", "refs/notes/", or a pseudoref
179 like HEAD or ORIG_HEAD; or the file "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" exists then
180 `git update-ref` will append a line to the log file
181 "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" (dereferencing all symbolic refs before creating
182 the log name) describing the change in ref value. Log lines are
185 oldsha1 SP newsha1 SP committer LF
187 Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously
188 stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of
189 <new-oid> and "committer" is the committer's name, email address
190 and date in the standard Git committer ident format.
194 oldsha1 SP newsha1 SP committer TAB message LF
196 Where all fields are as described above and "message" is the
197 value supplied to the -m option.
199 An update will fail (without changing <ref>) if the current user is
200 unable to create a new log file, append to the existing log file
201 or does not have committer information available.
205 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite