gitprotocol-capabilities.html

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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>gitprotocol-capabilities(5) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>gitprotocol-capabilities - Protocol v0 and v1 capabilities</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content">&lt;over-the-wire-protocol&gt;</pre>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="admonitionblock note">
 462 <table>
 463 <tr>
 464 <td class="icon">
 465 <div class="title">Note</div>
 466 </td>
 467 <td class="content">
 468 this document describes capabilities for versions 0 and 1 of the pack
 469 protocol. For version 2, please refer to the <a href="gitprotocol-v2.html">gitprotocol-v2(5)</a>
 470 doc.
 471 </td>
 472 </tr>
 473 </table>
 474 </div>
 475 <div class="paragraph">
 476 <p>Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined in this document.</p>
 477 </div>
 478 <div class="paragraph">
 479 <p>On the very first line of the initial server response of either
 480 receive-pack and upload-pack the first reference is followed by
 481 a NUL byte and then a list of space delimited server capabilities.
 482 These allow the server to declare what it can and cannot support
 483 to the client.</p>
 484 </div>
 485 <div class="paragraph">
 486 <p>Client will then send a space separated list of capabilities it wants
 487 to be in effect. The client MUST NOT ask for capabilities the server
 488 did not say it supports.</p>
 489 </div>
 490 <div class="paragraph">
 491 <p>Server MUST diagnose and abort if capabilities it does not understand
 492 were sent.  Server MUST NOT ignore capabilities that client requested
 493 and server advertised.  As a consequence of these rules, server MUST
 494 NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand.</p>
 495 </div>
 496 <div class="paragraph">
 497 <p>The <em>atomic</em>, <em>report-status</em>, <em>report-status-v2</em>, <em>delete-refs</em>, <em>quiet</em>,
 498 and <em>push-cert</em> capabilities are sent and recognized by the receive-pack
 499 (push to server) process.</p>
 500 </div>
 501 <div class="paragraph">
 502 <p>The <em>ofs-delta</em> and <em>side-band-64k</em> capabilities are sent and recognized
 503 by both upload-pack and receive-pack protocols.  The <em>agent</em> and <em>session-id</em>
 504 capabilities may optionally be sent in both protocols.</p>
 505 </div>
 506 <div class="paragraph">
 507 <p>All other capabilities are only recognized by the upload-pack (fetch
 508 from server) process.</p>
 509 </div>
 510 </div>
 511 </div>
 512 <div class="sect1">
 513 <h2 id="_multi_ack">multi_ack</h2>
 514 <div class="sectionbody">
 515 <div class="paragraph">
 516 <p>The <em>multi_ack</em> capability allows the server to return "ACK obj-id
 517 continue" as soon as it finds a commit that it can use as a common
 518 base, between the client&#8217;s wants and the client&#8217;s have set.</p>
 519 </div>
 520 <div class="paragraph">
 521 <p>By sending this early, the server can potentially head off the client
 522 from walking any further down that particular branch of the client&#8217;s
 523 repository history.  The client may still need to walk down other
 524 branches, sending have lines for those, until the server has a
 525 complete cut across the DAG, or the client has said "done".</p>
 526 </div>
 527 <div class="paragraph">
 528 <p>Without multi_ack, a client sends have lines in --date-order until
 529 the server has found a common base.  That means the client will send
 530 have lines that are already known by the server to be common, because
 531 they overlap in time with another branch on which the server hasn&#8217;t found
 532 a common base yet.</p>
 533 </div>
 534 <div class="paragraph">
 535 <p>For example suppose the client has commits in caps that the server
 536 doesn&#8217;t and the server has commits in lower case that the client
 537 doesn&#8217;t, as in the following diagram:</p>
 538 </div>
 539 <div class="literalblock">
 540 <div class="content">
 541 <pre>      +---- u ---------------------- x
 542      /              +----- y
 543     /              /
 544    a -- b -- c -- d -- E -- F
 545       \
 546 +--- Q -- R -- S</pre>
 547 </div>
 548 </div>
 549 <div class="paragraph">
 550 <p>If the client wants x,y and starts out by saying have F,S, the server
 551 doesn&#8217;t know what F,S is.  Eventually the client says "have d" and
 552 the server sends "ACK d continue" to let the client know to stop
 553 walking down that line (so don&#8217;t send c-b-a), but it&#8217;s not done yet,
 554 it needs a base for x. The client keeps going with S-R-Q, until a
 555 gets reached, at which point the server has a clear base and it all
 556 ends.</p>
 557 </div>
 558 <div class="paragraph">
 559 <p>Without multi_ack the client would have sent that c-b-a chain anyway,
 560 interleaved with S-R-Q.</p>
 561 </div>
 562 </div>
 563 </div>
 564 <div class="sect1">
 565 <h2 id="_multi_ack_detailed">multi_ack_detailed</h2>
 566 <div class="sectionbody">
 567 <div class="paragraph">
 568 <p>This is an extension of multi_ack that permits the client to better
 569 understand the server&#8217;s in-memory state. See <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>,
 570 section "Packfile Negotiation" for more information.</p>
 571 </div>
 572 </div>
 573 </div>
 574 <div class="sect1">
 575 <h2 id="_no_done">no-done</h2>
 576 <div class="sectionbody">
 577 <div class="paragraph">
 578 <p>This capability should only be used with the smart HTTP protocol. If
 579 multi_ack_detailed and no-done are both present, then the sender is
 580 free to immediately send a pack following its first "ACK obj-id ready"
 581 message.</p>
 582 </div>
 583 <div class="paragraph">
 584 <p>Without no-done in the smart HTTP protocol, the server session would
 585 end and the client has to make another trip to send "done" before
 586 the server can send the pack. no-done removes the last round and
 587 thus slightly reduces latency.</p>
 588 </div>
 589 </div>
 590 </div>
 591 <div class="sect1">
 592 <h2 id="_thin_pack">thin-pack</h2>
 593 <div class="sectionbody">
 594 <div class="paragraph">
 595 <p>A thin pack is one with deltas which reference base objects not
 596 contained within the pack (but are known to exist at the receiving
 597 end). This can reduce the network traffic significantly, but it
 598 requires the receiving end to know how to "thicken" these packs by
 599 adding the missing bases to the pack.</p>
 600 </div>
 601 <div class="paragraph">
 602 <p>The upload-pack server advertises <em>thin-pack</em> when it can generate
 603 and send a thin pack. A client requests the <em>thin-pack</em> capability
 604 when it understands how to "thicken" it, notifying the server that
 605 it can receive such a pack. A client MUST NOT request the
 606 <em>thin-pack</em> capability if it cannot turn a thin pack into a
 607 self-contained pack.</p>
 608 </div>
 609 <div class="paragraph">
 610 <p>Receive-pack, on the other hand, is assumed by default to be able to
 611 handle thin packs, but can ask the client not to use the feature by
 612 advertising the <em>no-thin</em> capability. A client MUST NOT send a thin
 613 pack if the server advertises the <em>no-thin</em> capability.</p>
 614 </div>
 615 <div class="paragraph">
 616 <p>The reasons for this asymmetry are historical. The receive-pack
 617 program did not exist until after the invention of thin packs, so
 618 historically the reference implementation of receive-pack always
 619 understood thin packs. Adding <em>no-thin</em> later allowed receive-pack
 620 to disable the feature in a backwards-compatible manner.</p>
 621 </div>
 622 </div>
 623 </div>
 624 <div class="sect1">
 625 <h2 id="_side_band_side_band_64k">side-band, side-band-64k</h2>
 626 <div class="sectionbody">
 627 <div class="paragraph">
 628 <p>This capability means that the server can send, and the client can understand, multiplexed
 629 progress reports and error info interleaved with the packfile itself.</p>
 630 </div>
 631 <div class="paragraph">
 632 <p>These two options are mutually exclusive. A modern client always
 633 favors <em>side-band-64k</em>.</p>
 634 </div>
 635 <div class="paragraph">
 636 <p>Either mode indicates that the packfile data will be streamed broken
 637 up into packets of up to either 1000 bytes in the case of <em>side_band</em>,
 638 or 65520 bytes in the case of <em>side_band_64k</em>. Each packet is made up
 639 of a leading 4-byte pkt-line length of how much data is in the packet,
 640 followed by a 1-byte stream code, followed by the actual data.</p>
 641 </div>
 642 <div class="paragraph">
 643 <p>The stream code can be one of:</p>
 644 </div>
 645 <div class="literalblock">
 646 <div class="content">
 647 <pre>1 - pack data
 648 2 - progress messages
 649 3 - fatal error message just before stream aborts</pre>
 650 </div>
 651 </div>
 652 <div class="paragraph">
 653 <p>The "side-band-64k" capability came about as a way for newer clients
 654 that can handle much larger packets to request packets that are
 655 actually crammed nearly full, while maintaining backward compatibility
 656 for the older clients.</p>
 657 </div>
 658 <div class="paragraph">
 659 <p>Further, with side-band and its up to 1000-byte messages, it&#8217;s actually
 660 999 bytes of payload and 1 byte for the stream code. With side-band-64k,
 661 same deal, you have up to 65519 bytes of data and 1 byte for the stream
 662 code.</p>
 663 </div>
 664 <div class="paragraph">
 665 <p>The client MUST send only one of "side-band" and "side-
 666 band-64k".  The server MUST diagnose it as an error if client requests
 667 both.</p>
 668 </div>
 669 </div>
 670 </div>
 671 <div class="sect1">
 672 <h2 id="_ofs_delta">ofs-delta</h2>
 673 <div class="sectionbody">
 674 <div class="paragraph">
 675 <p>The server can send, and the client can understand, PACKv2 with delta referring to
 676 its base by position in pack rather than by an obj-id.  That is, they can
 677 send/read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.</p>
 678 </div>
 679 </div>
 680 </div>
 681 <div class="sect1">
 682 <h2 id="_agent">agent</h2>
 683 <div class="sectionbody">
 684 <div class="paragraph">
 685 <p>The server may optionally send a capability of the form <code>agent=X</code> to
 686 notify the client that the server is running version <code>X</code>. The client may
 687 optionally return its own agent string by responding with an <code>agent=Y</code>
 688 capability (but it MUST NOT do so if the server did not mention the
 689 agent capability). The <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> strings may contain any printable
 690 ASCII characters except space (i.e., the byte range 32 &lt; x &lt; 127), and
 691 are typically of the form "package/version" (e.g., "git/1.8.3.1"). The
 692 agent strings are purely informative for statistics and debugging
 693 purposes, and MUST NOT be used to programmatically assume the presence
 694 or absence of particular features.</p>
 695 </div>
 696 </div>
 697 </div>
 698 <div class="sect1">
 699 <h2 id="_object_format">object-format</h2>
 700 <div class="sectionbody">
 701 <div class="paragraph">
 702 <p>This capability, which takes a hash algorithm as an argument, indicates
 703 that the server supports the given hash algorithms.  It may be sent
 704 multiple times; if so, the first one given is the one used in the ref
 705 advertisement.</p>
 706 </div>
 707 <div class="paragraph">
 708 <p>When provided by the client, this indicates that it intends to use the
 709 given hash algorithm to communicate.  The algorithm provided must be one
 710 that the server supports.</p>
 711 </div>
 712 <div class="paragraph">
 713 <p>If this capability is not provided, it is assumed that the only
 714 supported algorithm is SHA-1.</p>
 715 </div>
 716 </div>
 717 </div>
 718 <div class="sect1">
 719 <h2 id="_symref">symref</h2>
 720 <div class="sectionbody">
 721 <div class="paragraph">
 722 <p>This parameterized capability is used to inform the receiver which symbolic ref
 723 points to which ref; for example, "symref=HEAD:refs/heads/master" tells the
 724 receiver that HEAD points to master. This capability can be repeated to
 725 represent multiple symrefs.</p>
 726 </div>
 727 <div class="paragraph">
 728 <p>Servers SHOULD include this capability for the HEAD symref if it is one of the
 729 refs being sent.</p>
 730 </div>
 731 <div class="paragraph">
 732 <p>Clients MAY use the parameters from this capability to select the proper initial
 733 branch when cloning a repository.</p>
 734 </div>
 735 </div>
 736 </div>
 737 <div class="sect1">
 738 <h2 id="_shallow">shallow</h2>
 739 <div class="sectionbody">
 740 <div class="paragraph">
 741 <p>This capability adds "deepen", "shallow" and "unshallow" commands to
 742 the  fetch-pack/upload-pack protocol so clients can request shallow
 743 clones.</p>
 744 </div>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div class="sect1">
 748 <h2 id="_deepen_since">deepen-since</h2>
 749 <div class="sectionbody">
 750 <div class="paragraph">
 751 <p>This capability adds "deepen-since" command to fetch-pack/upload-pack
 752 protocol so the client can request shallow clones that are cut at a
 753 specific time, instead of depth. Internally it&#8217;s equivalent of doing
 754 "rev-list --max-age=&lt;timestamp&gt;" on the server side. "deepen-since"
 755 cannot be used with "deepen".</p>
 756 </div>
 757 </div>
 758 </div>
 759 <div class="sect1">
 760 <h2 id="_deepen_not">deepen-not</h2>
 761 <div class="sectionbody">
 762 <div class="paragraph">
 763 <p>This capability adds "deepen-not" command to fetch-pack/upload-pack
 764 protocol so the client can request shallow clones that are cut at a
 765 specific revision, instead of depth. Internally it&#8217;s equivalent of
 766 doing "rev-list --not &lt;rev&gt;" on the server side. "deepen-not"
 767 cannot be used with "deepen", but can be used with "deepen-since".</p>
 768 </div>
 769 </div>
 770 </div>
 771 <div class="sect1">
 772 <h2 id="_deepen_relative">deepen-relative</h2>
 773 <div class="sectionbody">
 774 <div class="paragraph">
 775 <p>If this capability is requested by the client, the semantics of
 776 "deepen" command is changed. The "depth" argument is the depth from
 777 the current shallow boundary, instead of the depth from remote refs.</p>
 778 </div>
 779 </div>
 780 </div>
 781 <div class="sect1">
 782 <h2 id="_no_progress">no-progress</h2>
 783 <div class="sectionbody">
 784 <div class="paragraph">
 785 <p>The client was started with "git clone -q" or something similar, and doesn&#8217;t
 786 want that side band 2.  Basically the client just says "I do not
 787 wish to receive stream 2 on sideband, so do not send it to me, and if
 788 you did, I will drop it on the floor anyway".  However, the sideband
 789 channel 3 is still used for error responses.</p>
 790 </div>
 791 </div>
 792 </div>
 793 <div class="sect1">
 794 <h2 id="_include_tag">include-tag</h2>
 795 <div class="sectionbody">
 796 <div class="paragraph">
 797 <p>The <em>include-tag</em> capability is about sending annotated tags if we are
 798 sending objects they point to.  If we pack an object to the client, and
 799 a tag object points exactly at that object, we pack the tag object too.
 800 In general this allows a client to get all new annotated tags when it
 801 fetches a branch, in a single network connection.</p>
 802 </div>
 803 <div class="paragraph">
 804 <p>Clients MAY always send include-tag, hardcoding it into a request when
 805 the server advertises this capability. The decision for a client to
 806 request include-tag only has to do with the client&#8217;s desires for tag
 807 data, whether or not a server had advertised objects in the
 808 refs/tags/* namespace.</p>
 809 </div>
 810 <div class="paragraph">
 811 <p>Servers MUST pack the tags if their referent is packed and the client
 812 has requested include-tags.</p>
 813 </div>
 814 <div class="paragraph">
 815 <p>Clients MUST be prepared for the case where a server has ignored
 816 include-tag and has not actually sent tags in the pack.  In such
 817 cases the client SHOULD issue a subsequent fetch to acquire the tags
 818 that include-tag would have otherwise given the client.</p>
 819 </div>
 820 <div class="paragraph">
 821 <p>The server SHOULD send include-tag, if it supports it, regardless
 822 of whether or not there are tags available.</p>
 823 </div>
 824 </div>
 825 </div>
 826 <div class="sect1">
 827 <h2 id="_report_status">report-status</h2>
 828 <div class="sectionbody">
 829 <div class="paragraph">
 830 <p>The receive-pack process can receive a <em>report-status</em> capability,
 831 which tells it that the client wants a report of what happened after
 832 a packfile upload and reference update.  If the pushing client requests
 833 this capability, after unpacking and updating references the server
 834 will respond with whether the packfile unpacked successfully and if
 835 each reference was updated successfully.  If any of those were not
 836 successful, it will send back an error message.  See <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>
 837 for example messages.</p>
 838 </div>
 839 </div>
 840 </div>
 841 <div class="sect1">
 842 <h2 id="_report_status_v2">report-status-v2</h2>
 843 <div class="sectionbody">
 844 <div class="paragraph">
 845 <p>Capability <em>report-status-v2</em> extends capability <em>report-status</em> by
 846 adding new "option" directives in order to support reference rewritten by
 847 the "proc-receive" hook.  The "proc-receive" hook may handle a command
 848 for a pseudo-reference which may create or update a reference with
 849 different name, new-oid, and old-oid.  While the capability
 850 <em>report-status</em> cannot report for such case.  See <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>
 851 for details.</p>
 852 </div>
 853 </div>
 854 </div>
 855 <div class="sect1">
 856 <h2 id="_delete_refs">delete-refs</h2>
 857 <div class="sectionbody">
 858 <div class="paragraph">
 859 <p>If the server sends back the <em>delete-refs</em> capability, it means that
 860 it is capable of accepting a zero-id value as the target
 861 value of a reference update.  It is not sent back by the client, it
 862 simply informs the client that it can be sent zero-id values
 863 to delete references.</p>
 864 </div>
 865 </div>
 866 </div>
 867 <div class="sect1">
 868 <h2 id="_quiet">quiet</h2>
 869 <div class="sectionbody">
 870 <div class="paragraph">
 871 <p>If the receive-pack server advertises the <em>quiet</em> capability, it is
 872 capable of silencing human-readable progress output which otherwise may
 873 be shown when processing the received pack. A send-pack client should
 874 respond with the <em>quiet</em> capability to suppress server-side progress
 875 reporting if the local progress reporting is also being suppressed
 876 (e.g., via <code>push -q</code>, or if stderr does not go to a tty).</p>
 877 </div>
 878 </div>
 879 </div>
 880 <div class="sect1">
 881 <h2 id="_atomic">atomic</h2>
 882 <div class="sectionbody">
 883 <div class="paragraph">
 884 <p>If the server sends the <em>atomic</em> capability it is capable of accepting
 885 atomic pushes. If the pushing client requests this capability, the server
 886 will update the refs in one atomic transaction. Either all refs are
 887 updated or none.</p>
 888 </div>
 889 </div>
 890 </div>
 891 <div class="sect1">
 892 <h2 id="_push_options">push-options</h2>
 893 <div class="sectionbody">
 894 <div class="paragraph">
 895 <p>If the server sends the <em>push-options</em> capability it is able to accept
 896 push options after the update commands have been sent, but before the
 897 packfile is streamed. If the pushing client requests this capability,
 898 the server will pass the options to the pre- and post- receive hooks
 899 that process this push request.</p>
 900 </div>
 901 </div>
 902 </div>
 903 <div class="sect1">
 904 <h2 id="_allow_tip_sha1_in_want">allow-tip-sha1-in-want</h2>
 905 <div class="sectionbody">
 906 <div class="paragraph">
 907 <p>If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
 908 send "want" lines with object names that exist at the server but are not
 909 advertised by upload-pack. For historical reasons, the name of this
 910 capability contains "sha1". Object names are always given using the
 911 object format negotiated through the <em>object-format</em> capability.</p>
 912 </div>
 913 </div>
 914 </div>
 915 <div class="sect1">
 916 <h2 id="_allow_reachable_sha1_in_want">allow-reachable-sha1-in-want</h2>
 917 <div class="sectionbody">
 918 <div class="paragraph">
 919 <p>If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
 920 send "want" lines with object names that exist at the server but are not
 921 advertised by upload-pack. For historical reasons, the name of this
 922 capability contains "sha1". Object names are always given using the
 923 object format negotiated through the <em>object-format</em> capability.</p>
 924 </div>
 925 </div>
 926 </div>
 927 <div class="sect1">
 928 <h2 id="_push_certnonce">push-cert=&lt;nonce&gt;</h2>
 929 <div class="sectionbody">
 930 <div class="paragraph">
 931 <p>The receive-pack server that advertises this capability is willing
 932 to accept a signed push certificate, and asks the &lt;nonce&gt; to be
 933 included in the push certificate.  A send-pack client MUST NOT
 934 send a push-cert packet unless the receive-pack server advertises
 935 this capability.</p>
 936 </div>
 937 </div>
 938 </div>
 939 <div class="sect1">
 940 <h2 id="_filter">filter</h2>
 941 <div class="sectionbody">
 942 <div class="paragraph">
 943 <p>If the upload-pack server advertises the <em>filter</em> capability,
 944 fetch-pack may send "filter" commands to request a partial clone
 945 or partial fetch and request that the server omit various objects
 946 from the packfile.</p>
 947 </div>
 948 </div>
 949 </div>
 950 <div class="sect1">
 951 <h2 id="_session_idsession_id">session-id=&lt;session-id&gt;</h2>
 952 <div class="sectionbody">
 953 <div class="paragraph">
 954 <p>The server may advertise a session ID that can be used to identify this process
 955 across multiple requests. The client may advertise its own session ID back to
 956 the server as well.</p>
 957 </div>
 958 <div class="paragraph">
 959 <p>Session IDs should be unique to a given process. They must fit within a
 960 packet-line, and must not contain non-printable or whitespace characters. The
 961 current implementation uses trace2 session IDs (see
 962 <a href="technical/api-trace2.html">api-trace2</a> for details), but this may change
 963 and users of the session ID should not rely on this fact.</p>
 964 </div>
 965 </div>
 966 </div>
 967 <div class="sect1">
 968 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 969 <div class="sectionbody">
 970 <div class="paragraph">
 971 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 972 </div>
 973 </div>
 974 </div>
 975 </div>
 976 <div id="footer">
 977 <div id="footer-text">
 978 Last updated 2024-02-08 15:45:59 -0800
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