gitprotocol-http.html

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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>gitprotocol-http(5) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>gitprotocol-http - Git HTTP-based protocols</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content">&lt;over-the-wire-protocol&gt;</pre>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="paragraph">
 462 <p>Git supports two HTTP based transfer protocols.  A "dumb" protocol
 463 which requires only a standard HTTP server on the server end of the
 464 connection, and a "smart" protocol which requires a Git aware CGI
 465 (or server module).  This document describes both protocols.</p>
 466 </div>
 467 <div class="paragraph">
 468 <p>As a design feature smart clients can automatically upgrade "dumb"
 469 protocol URLs to smart URLs.  This permits all users to have the
 470 same published URL, and the peers automatically select the most
 471 efficient transport available to them.</p>
 472 </div>
 473 </div>
 474 </div>
 475 <div class="sect1">
 476 <h2 id="_url_format">URL Format</h2>
 477 <div class="sectionbody">
 478 <div class="paragraph">
 479 <p>URLs for Git repositories accessed by HTTP use the standard HTTP
 480 URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form:</p>
 481 </div>
 482 <div class="literalblock">
 483 <div class="content">
 484 <pre>http://&lt;host&gt;:&lt;port&gt;/&lt;path&gt;?&lt;searchpart&gt;</pre>
 485 </div>
 486 </div>
 487 <div class="paragraph">
 488 <p>Within this documentation the placeholder <code>$GIT_URL</code> will stand for
 489 the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user.</p>
 490 </div>
 491 <div class="paragraph">
 492 <p>Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching <code>$GIT_URL</code>, as
 493 both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate
 494 by appending additional path components onto the end of the user
 495 supplied <code>$GIT_URL</code> string.</p>
 496 </div>
 497 <div class="paragraph">
 498 <p>An example of a dumb client requesting a loose object:</p>
 499 </div>
 500 <div class="literalblock">
 501 <div class="content">
 502 <pre>$GIT_URL:     http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git
 503 URL request:  http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git/objects/d0/49f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355</pre>
 504 </div>
 505 </div>
 506 <div class="paragraph">
 507 <p>An example of a smart request to a catch-all gateway:</p>
 508 </div>
 509 <div class="literalblock">
 510 <div class="content">
 511 <pre>$GIT_URL:     http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&amp;q=
 512 URL request:  http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&amp;q=/info/refs&amp;service=git-receive-pack</pre>
 513 </div>
 514 </div>
 515 <div class="paragraph">
 516 <p>An example of a request to a submodule:</p>
 517 </div>
 518 <div class="literalblock">
 519 <div class="content">
 520 <pre>$GIT_URL:     http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git
 521 URL request:  http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs</pre>
 522 </div>
 523 </div>
 524 <div class="paragraph">
 525 <p>Clients MUST strip a trailing <code>/</code>, if present, from the user supplied
 526 <code>$GIT_URL</code> string to prevent empty path tokens (<code>//</code>) from appearing
 527 in any URL sent to a server.  Compatible clients MUST expand
 528 <code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code> as <code>foo/info/refs</code> and not <code>foo//info/refs</code>.</p>
 529 </div>
 530 </div>
 531 </div>
 532 <div class="sect1">
 533 <h2 id="_authentication">Authentication</h2>
 534 <div class="sectionbody">
 535 <div class="paragraph">
 536 <p>Standard HTTP authentication is used if authentication is required
 537 to access a repository, and MAY be configured and enforced by the
 538 HTTP server software.</p>
 539 </div>
 540 <div class="paragraph">
 541 <p>Because Git repositories are accessed by standard path components
 542 server administrators MAY use directory based permissions within
 543 their HTTP server to control repository access.</p>
 544 </div>
 545 <div class="paragraph">
 546 <p>Clients SHOULD support Basic authentication as described by RFC 2617.
 547 Servers SHOULD support Basic authentication by relying upon the
 548 HTTP server placed in front of the Git server software.</p>
 549 </div>
 550 <div class="paragraph">
 551 <p>Servers SHOULD NOT require HTTP cookies for the purposes of
 552 authentication or access control.</p>
 553 </div>
 554 <div class="paragraph">
 555 <p>Clients and servers MAY support other common forms of HTTP based
 556 authentication, such as Digest authentication.</p>
 557 </div>
 558 </div>
 559 </div>
 560 <div class="sect1">
 561 <h2 id="_ssl">SSL</h2>
 562 <div class="sectionbody">
 563 <div class="paragraph">
 564 <p>Clients and servers SHOULD support SSL, particularly to protect
 565 passwords when relying on Basic HTTP authentication.</p>
 566 </div>
 567 </div>
 568 </div>
 569 <div class="sect1">
 570 <h2 id="_session_state">Session State</h2>
 571 <div class="sectionbody">
 572 <div class="paragraph">
 573 <p>The Git over HTTP protocol (much like HTTP itself) is stateless
 574 from the perspective of the HTTP server side.  All state MUST be
 575 retained and managed by the client process.  This permits simple
 576 round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to
 577 worry about state management.</p>
 578 </div>
 579 <div class="paragraph">
 580 <p>Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in
 581 order to function correctly.</p>
 582 </div>
 583 <div class="paragraph">
 584 <p>Servers MUST NOT require HTTP cookies in order to function correctly.
 585 Clients MAY store and forward HTTP cookies during request processing
 586 as described by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1).  Servers SHOULD ignore any
 587 cookies sent by a client.</p>
 588 </div>
 589 </div>
 590 </div>
 591 <div class="sect1">
 592 <h2 id="_general_request_processing">General Request Processing</h2>
 593 <div class="sectionbody">
 594 <div class="paragraph">
 595 <p>Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed
 596 by both client and server.  This includes (but is not necessarily
 597 limited to):</p>
 598 </div>
 599 <div class="paragraph">
 600 <p>If there is no repository at <code>$GIT_URL</code>, or the resource pointed to by a
 601 location matching <code>$GIT_URL</code> does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond
 602 with <code>200 OK</code> response.  A server SHOULD respond with
 603 <code>404 Not Found</code>, <code>410 Gone</code>, or any other suitable HTTP status code
 604 which does not imply the resource exists as requested.</p>
 605 </div>
 606 <div class="paragraph">
 607 <p>If there is a repository at <code>$GIT_URL</code>, but access is not currently
 608 permitted, the server MUST respond with the <code>403 Forbidden</code> HTTP
 609 status code.</p>
 610 </div>
 611 <div class="paragraph">
 612 <p>Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
 613 Servers SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
 614 bodies.</p>
 615 </div>
 616 <div class="paragraph">
 617 <p>Clients SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
 618 Clients SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
 619 bodies.</p>
 620 </div>
 621 <div class="paragraph">
 622 <p>Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers.</p>
 623 </div>
 624 <div class="paragraph">
 625 <p>Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since
 626 and/or If-None-Match request headers.</p>
 627 </div>
 628 <div class="paragraph">
 629 <p>Servers MAY return <code>304 Not Modified</code> if the relevant headers appear
 630 in the request and the entity has not changed.  Clients MUST treat
 631 <code>304 Not Modified</code> identical to <code>200 OK</code> by reusing the cached entity.</p>
 632 </div>
 633 <div class="paragraph">
 634 <p>Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the
 635 Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching.  Clients and
 636 servers MUST follow RFC 2616 for cache controls.</p>
 637 </div>
 638 </div>
 639 </div>
 640 <div class="sect1">
 641 <h2 id="_discovering_references">Discovering References</h2>
 642 <div class="sectionbody">
 643 <div class="paragraph">
 644 <p>All HTTP clients MUST begin either a fetch or a push exchange by
 645 discovering the references available on the remote repository.</p>
 646 </div>
 647 <div class="sect2">
 648 <h3 id="_dumb_clients">Dumb Clients</h3>
 649 <div class="paragraph">
 650 <p>HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover
 651 references by making a request for the special info/refs file of
 652 the repository.</p>
 653 </div>
 654 <div class="paragraph">
 655 <p>Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a <code>GET</code> request to <code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code>,
 656 without any search/query parameters.</p>
 657 </div>
 658 <div class="literalblock">
 659 <div class="content">
 660 <pre>C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0</pre>
 661 </div>
 662 </div>
 663 <div class="literalblock">
 664 <div class="content">
 665 <pre>S: 200 OK
 666 S:
 667 S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31     refs/heads/maint
 668 S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355     refs/heads/master
 669 S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115     refs/tags/v1.0
 670 S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c     refs/tags/v1.0^{}</pre>
 671 </div>
 672 </div>
 673 <div class="paragraph">
 674 <p>The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be
 675 <code>text/plain; charset=utf-8</code>, but MAY be any content type.
 676 Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type.
 677 Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with
 678 <code>application/x-git-</code>.</p>
 679 </div>
 680 <div class="paragraph">
 681 <p>Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the
 682 returned entity.</p>
 683 </div>
 684 <div class="paragraph">
 685 <p>When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP
 686 status code.  Valid responses are <code>200 OK</code>, or <code>304 Not Modified</code>.</p>
 687 </div>
 688 <div class="paragraph">
 689 <p>The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing
 690 each ref and its known value.  The file SHOULD be sorted by name
 691 according to the C locale ordering.  The file SHOULD NOT include
 692 the default ref named <code>HEAD</code>.</p>
 693 </div>
 694 <div class="literalblock">
 695 <div class="content">
 696 <pre>info_refs   =  *( ref_record )
 697 ref_record  =  any_ref / peeled_ref</pre>
 698 </div>
 699 </div>
 700 <div class="literalblock">
 701 <div class="content">
 702 <pre>any_ref     =  obj-id HTAB refname LF
 703 peeled_ref  =  obj-id HTAB refname LF
 704  obj-id HTAB refname "^{}" LF</pre>
 705 </div>
 706 </div>
 707 </div>
 708 <div class="sect2">
 709 <h3 id="_smart_clients">Smart Clients</h3>
 710 <div class="paragraph">
 711 <p>HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the
 712 "smart" and "dumb" protocols) MUST discover references by making
 713 a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository.</p>
 714 </div>
 715 <div class="paragraph">
 716 <p>The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter,
 717 <code>service=$servicename</code>, where <code>$servicename</code> MUST be the service
 718 name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation.
 719 The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters.</p>
 720 </div>
 721 <div class="literalblock">
 722 <div class="content">
 723 <pre>C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0</pre>
 724 </div>
 725 </div>
 726 <div class="paragraph">
 727 <p>dumb server reply:</p>
 728 </div>
 729 <div class="literalblock">
 730 <div class="content">
 731 <pre>S: 200 OK
 732 S:
 733 S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31     refs/heads/maint
 734 S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355     refs/heads/master
 735 S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115     refs/tags/v1.0
 736 S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c     refs/tags/v1.0^{}</pre>
 737 </div>
 738 </div>
 739 <div class="paragraph">
 740 <p>smart server reply:</p>
 741 </div>
 742 <div class="literalblock">
 743 <div class="content">
 744 <pre>S: 200 OK
 745 S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
 746 S: Cache-Control: no-cache
 747 S:
 748 S: 001e# service=git-upload-pack\n
 749 S: 0000
 750 S: 004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint\0multi_ack\n
 751 S: 003fd049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master\n
 752 S: 003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0\n
 753 S: 003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}\n
 754 S: 0000</pre>
 755 </div>
 756 </div>
 757 <div class="paragraph">
 758 <p>The client may send Extra Parameters (see
 759 <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>) as a colon-separated string
 760 in the Git-Protocol HTTP header.</p>
 761 </div>
 762 <div class="paragraph">
 763 <p>Uses the <code>--http-backend-info-refs</code> option to
 764 <a href="git-upload-pack.html">git-upload-pack(1)</a>.</p>
 765 </div>
 766 <div class="sect3">
 767 <h4 id="_dumb_server_response">Dumb Server Response</h4>
 768 <div class="paragraph">
 769 <p>Dumb servers MUST respond with the dumb server reply format.</p>
 770 </div>
 771 <div class="paragraph">
 772 <p>See the prior section under dumb clients for a more detailed
 773 description of the dumb server response.</p>
 774 </div>
 775 </div>
 776 <div class="sect3">
 777 <h4 id="_smart_server_response">Smart Server Response</h4>
 778 <div class="paragraph">
 779 <p>If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the
 780 requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator,
 781 the server MUST respond with the <code>403 Forbidden</code> HTTP status code.</p>
 782 </div>
 783 <div class="paragraph">
 784 <p>Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply
 785 format for the requested service name.</p>
 786 </div>
 787 <div class="paragraph">
 788 <p>Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the
 789 returned entity.</p>
 790 </div>
 791 <div class="paragraph">
 792 <p>The Content-Type MUST be <code>application/x-$servicename-advertisement</code>.
 793 Clients SHOULD fall back to the dumb protocol if another content
 794 type is returned.  When falling back to the dumb protocol clients
 795 SHOULD NOT make an additional request to <code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code>, but
 796 instead SHOULD use the response already in hand.  Clients MUST NOT
 797 continue if they do not support the dumb protocol.</p>
 798 </div>
 799 <div class="paragraph">
 800 <p>Clients MUST validate the status code is either <code>200 OK</code> or
 801 <code>304 Not Modified</code>.</p>
 802 </div>
 803 <div class="paragraph">
 804 <p>Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity
 805 matches the regex <code>^[0-9a-f]{4}#</code>.  If this test fails, clients
 806 MUST NOT continue.</p>
 807 </div>
 808 <div class="paragraph">
 809 <p>Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line
 810 records.</p>
 811 </div>
 812 <div class="paragraph">
 813 <p>Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is <code># service=$servicename</code>.
 814 Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value.
 815 Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line.
 816 Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line.</p>
 817 </div>
 818 <div class="paragraph">
 819 <p>Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic <code>0000</code> end
 820 pkt-line marker.</p>
 821 </div>
 822 <div class="paragraph">
 823 <p>The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and
 824 its known value.  The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to
 825 the C locale ordering.  The stream SHOULD include the default ref
 826 named <code>HEAD</code> as the first ref.  The stream MUST include capability
 827 declarations behind a NUL on the first ref.</p>
 828 </div>
 829 <div class="paragraph">
 830 <p>The returned response contains "version 1" if "version=1" was sent as an
 831 Extra Parameter.</p>
 832 </div>
 833 <div class="literalblock">
 834 <div class="content">
 835 <pre>smart_reply     =  PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF)
 836      "0000"
 837      *1("version 1")
 838      ref_list
 839      "0000"
 840 ref_list        =  empty_list / non_empty_list</pre>
 841 </div>
 842 </div>
 843 <div class="literalblock">
 844 <div class="content">
 845 <pre>empty_list      =  PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" NUL cap-list LF)</pre>
 846 </div>
 847 </div>
 848 <div class="literalblock">
 849 <div class="content">
 850 <pre>non_empty_list  =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name NUL cap_list LF)
 851      *ref_record</pre>
 852 </div>
 853 </div>
 854 <div class="literalblock">
 855 <div class="content">
 856 <pre>cap-list        =  capability *(SP capability)
 857 capability      =  1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
 858 LC_ALPHA        =  %x61-7A</pre>
 859 </div>
 860 </div>
 861 <div class="literalblock">
 862 <div class="content">
 863 <pre>ref_record      =  any_ref / peeled_ref
 864 any_ref         =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
 865 peeled_ref      =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
 866      PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF</pre>
 867 </div>
 868 </div>
 869 </div>
 870 </div>
 871 </div>
 872 </div>
 873 <div class="sect1">
 874 <h2 id="_smart_service_git_upload_pack">Smart Service git-upload-pack</h2>
 875 <div class="sectionbody">
 876 <div class="paragraph">
 877 <p>This service reads from the repository pointed to by <code>$GIT_URL</code>.</p>
 878 </div>
 879 <div class="paragraph">
 880 <p>Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
 881 <code>$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack</code>.</p>
 882 </div>
 883 <div class="literalblock">
 884 <div class="content">
 885 <pre>C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
 886 C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
 887 C:
 888 C: 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7\n
 889 C: 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993\n
 890 C: 0000</pre>
 891 </div>
 892 </div>
 893 <div class="literalblock">
 894 <div class="content">
 895 <pre>S: 200 OK
 896 S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
 897 S: Cache-Control: no-cache
 898 S:
 899 S: ....ACK %s, continue
 900 S: ....NAK</pre>
 901 </div>
 902 </div>
 903 <div class="paragraph">
 904 <p>Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
 905 Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
 906 to prevent caching of the response.</p>
 907 </div>
 908 <div class="paragraph">
 909 <p>Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.</p>
 910 </div>
 911 <div class="paragraph">
 912 <p>Clients MUST send at least one "want" command in the request body.
 913 Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a "want" command which did not
 914 appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the
 915 server advertises capability <code>allow-tip-sha1-in-want</code> or
 916 <code>allow-reachable-sha1-in-want</code>.</p>
 917 </div>
 918 <div class="literalblock">
 919 <div class="content">
 920 <pre>compute_request   =  want_list
 921        have_list
 922        request_end
 923 request_end       =  "0000" / "done"</pre>
 924 </div>
 925 </div>
 926 <div class="literalblock">
 927 <div class="content">
 928 <pre>want_list         =  PKT-LINE(want SP cap_list LF)
 929        *(want_pkt)
 930 want_pkt          =  PKT-LINE(want LF)
 931 want              =  "want" SP id
 932 cap_list          =  capability *(SP capability)</pre>
 933 </div>
 934 </div>
 935 <div class="literalblock">
 936 <div class="content">
 937 <pre>have_list         =  *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF)</pre>
 938 </div>
 939 </div>
 940 <div class="paragraph">
 941 <p>TODO: Document this further.</p>
 942 </div>
 943 <div class="sect2">
 944 <h3 id="_the_negotiation_algorithm">The Negotiation Algorithm</h3>
 945 <div class="paragraph">
 946 <p>The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows
 947 (C = client, S = server):</p>
 948 </div>
 949 <div class="paragraph">
 950 <p><em>init step:</em></p>
 951 </div>
 952 <div class="paragraph">
 953 <p>C: Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs.</p>
 954 </div>
 955 <div class="paragraph">
 956 <p>C: Place any object seen into set <code>advertised</code>.</p>
 957 </div>
 958 <div class="paragraph">
 959 <p>C: Build an empty set, <code>common</code>, to hold the objects that are later
 960    determined to be on both ends.</p>
 961 </div>
 962 <div class="paragraph">
 963 <p>C: Build a set, <code>want</code>, of the objects from <code>advertised</code> that the client
 964    wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery.</p>
 965 </div>
 966 <div class="paragraph">
 967 <p>C: Start a queue, <code>c_pending</code>, ordered by commit time (popping newest
 968    first).  Add all client refs.  When a commit is popped from
 969    the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back.
 970    Commits MUST only enter the queue once.</p>
 971 </div>
 972 <div class="paragraph">
 973 <p><em>one compute step:</em></p>
 974 </div>
 975 <div class="paragraph">
 976 <p>C: Send one <code>$GIT_URL/git-upload-pack</code> request:</p>
 977 </div>
 978 <div class="literalblock">
 979 <div class="content">
 980 <pre>C: 0032want &lt;want-#1&gt;...............................
 981 C: 0032want &lt;want-#2&gt;...............................
 982 ....
 983 C: 0032have &lt;common-#1&gt;.............................
 984 C: 0032have &lt;common-#2&gt;.............................
 985 ....
 986 C: 0032have &lt;have-#1&gt;...............................
 987 C: 0032have &lt;have-#2&gt;...............................
 988 ....
 989 C: 0000</pre>
 990 </div>
 991 </div>
 992 <div class="paragraph">
 993 <p>The stream is organized into "commands", with each command
 994 appearing by itself in a pkt-line.  Within a command line,
 995 the text leading up to the first space is the command name,
 996 and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value.
 997 Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of
 998 the pkt-line value.</p>
 999 </div>
1000 <div class="paragraph">
1001 <p>Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear
1002 at all in the request stream:</p>
1003 </div>
1004 <div class="ulist">
1005 <ul>
1006 <li>
1007 <p>"want"</p>
1008 </li>
1009 <li>
1010 <p>"have"</p>
1011 </li>
1012 </ul>
1013 </div>
1014 <div class="paragraph">
1015 <p>The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush (<code>0000</code>).</p>
1016 </div>
1017 <div class="paragraph">
1018 <p>A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted
1019 object name as its value.  Multiple object names MUST be sent by sending
1020 multiple commands. Object names MUST be given using the object format
1021 negotiated through the <code>object-format</code> capability (default SHA-1).</p>
1022 </div>
1023 <div class="paragraph">
1024 <p>The <code>have</code> list is created by popping the first 32 commits
1025 from <code>c_pending</code>.  Fewer can be supplied if <code>c_pending</code> empties.</p>
1026 </div>
1027 <div class="paragraph">
1028 <p>If the client has sent 256 "have" commits and has not yet
1029 received one of those back from <code>s_common</code>, or the client has
1030 emptied <code>c_pending</code> it SHOULD include a "done" command to let
1031 the server know it won&#8217;t proceed:</p>
1032 </div>
1033 <div class="literalblock">
1034 <div class="content">
1035 <pre>C: 0009done</pre>
1036 </div>
1037 </div>
1038 <div class="paragraph">
1039 <p>S: Parse the git-upload-pack request:</p>
1040 </div>
1041 <div class="paragraph">
1042 <p>Verify all objects in <code>want</code> are directly reachable from refs.</p>
1043 </div>
1044 <div class="paragraph">
1045 <p>The server MAY walk backwards through history or through
1046 the reflog to permit slightly stale requests.</p>
1047 </div>
1048 <div class="paragraph">
1049 <p>If no "want" objects are received, send an error:
1050 TODO: Define error if no "want" lines are requested.</p>
1051 </div>
1052 <div class="paragraph">
1053 <p>If any "want" object is not reachable, send an error:
1054 TODO: Define error if an invalid "want" is requested.</p>
1055 </div>
1056 <div class="paragraph">
1057 <p>Create an empty list, <code>s_common</code>.</p>
1058 </div>
1059 <div class="paragraph">
1060 <p>If "have" was sent:</p>
1061 </div>
1062 <div class="paragraph">
1063 <p>Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client.</p>
1064 </div>
1065 <div class="paragraph">
1066 <p>For each object, if the server has the object reachable from
1067 a ref, add it to <code>s_common</code>.  If a commit is added to <code>s_common</code>,
1068 do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in <code>have</code>.</p>
1069 </div>
1070 <div class="paragraph">
1071 <p>S: Send the git-upload-pack response:</p>
1072 </div>
1073 <div class="paragraph">
1074 <p>If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the
1075 request ends with "done", it replies with the pack.
1076 TODO: Document the pack based response</p>
1077 </div>
1078 <div class="literalblock">
1079 <div class="content">
1080 <pre>S: PACK...</pre>
1081 </div>
1082 </div>
1083 <div class="paragraph">
1084 <p>The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported
1085 by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into
1086 stream 1.  Progress messages from the server side MAY appear
1087 in stream 2.</p>
1088 </div>
1089 <div class="paragraph">
1090 <p>Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least
1091 one path from every "want" to at least one "common" object.</p>
1092 </div>
1093 <div class="paragraph">
1094 <p>If the server needs more information, it replies with a
1095 status continue response:
1096 TODO: Document the non-pack response</p>
1097 </div>
1098 <div class="paragraph">
1099 <p>C: Parse the upload-pack response:
1100    TODO: Document parsing response</p>
1101 </div>
1102 <div class="paragraph">
1103 <p><em>Do another compute step.</em></p>
1104 </div>
1105 </div>
1106 </div>
1107 </div>
1108 <div class="sect1">
1109 <h2 id="_smart_service_git_receive_pack">Smart Service git-receive-pack</h2>
1110 <div class="sectionbody">
1111 <div class="paragraph">
1112 <p>This service reads from the repository pointed to by <code>$GIT_URL</code>.</p>
1113 </div>
1114 <div class="paragraph">
1115 <p>Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
1116 <code>$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack</code>.</p>
1117 </div>
1118 <div class="literalblock">
1119 <div class="content">
1120 <pre>C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0
1121 C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request
1122 C:
1123 C: ....0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 refs/heads/maint\0 report-status
1124 C: 0000
1125 C: PACK....</pre>
1126 </div>
1127 </div>
1128 <div class="literalblock">
1129 <div class="content">
1130 <pre>S: 200 OK
1131 S: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-result
1132 S: Cache-Control: no-cache
1133 S:
1134 S: ....</pre>
1135 </div>
1136 </div>
1137 <div class="paragraph">
1138 <p>Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
1139 Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
1140 to prevent caching of the response.</p>
1141 </div>
1142 <div class="paragraph">
1143 <p>Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.</p>
1144 </div>
1145 <div class="paragraph">
1146 <p>Clients MUST send at least one command in the request body.
1147 Within the command portion of the request body clients SHOULD send
1148 the id obtained through ref discovery as old_id.</p>
1149 </div>
1150 <div class="literalblock">
1151 <div class="content">
1152 <pre>update_request  =  command_list
1153      "PACK" &lt;binary-data&gt;</pre>
1154 </div>
1155 </div>
1156 <div class="literalblock">
1157 <div class="content">
1158 <pre>command_list    =  PKT-LINE(command NUL cap_list LF)
1159      *(command_pkt)
1160 command_pkt     =  PKT-LINE(command LF)
1161 cap_list        =  *(SP capability) SP</pre>
1162 </div>
1163 </div>
1164 <div class="literalblock">
1165 <div class="content">
1166 <pre>command         =  create / delete / update
1167 create          =  zero-id SP new_id SP name
1168 delete          =  old_id SP zero-id SP name
1169 update          =  old_id SP new_id SP name</pre>
1170 </div>
1171 </div>
1172 <div class="paragraph">
1173 <p>TODO: Document this further.</p>
1174 </div>
1175 </div>
1176 </div>
1177 <div class="sect1">
1178 <h2 id="_references">REFERENCES</h2>
1179 <div class="sectionbody">
1180 <div class="paragraph">
1181 <p><a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt">RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)</a>
1182 <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;HTTP/1.1</a></p>
1183 </div>
1184 </div>
1185 </div>
1186 <div class="sect1">
1187 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1188 <div class="sectionbody">
1189 <div class="paragraph">
1190 <p><a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>
1191 <a href="gitprotocol-capabilities.html">gitprotocol-capabilities(5)</a></p>
1192 </div>
1193 </div>
1194 </div>
1195 <div class="sect1">
1196 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1197 <div class="sectionbody">
1198 <div class="paragraph">
1199 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
1200 </div>
1201 </div>
1202 </div>
1203 </div>
1204 <div id="footer">
1205 <div id="footer-text">
1206 Last updated 2024-02-08 15:45:59 -0800
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