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441 <body class=
"manpage">
443 <h1>git-annotate(
1) Manual Page
</h1>
444 <h2 id=
"_name">NAME
</h2>
445 <div class=
"sectionbody">
446 <p>git-annotate - Annotate file lines with commit information
</p>
451 <h2 id=
"_synopsis">SYNOPSIS
</h2>
452 <div class=
"sectionbody">
453 <div class=
"verseblock">
454 <pre class=
"content"><em>git annotate
</em> [
<options
>] [
<rev-opts
>] [
<rev
>] [--]
<file
></pre>
459 <h2 id=
"_description">DESCRIPTION
</h2>
460 <div class=
"sectionbody">
461 <div class=
"paragraph">
462 <p>Annotates each line in the given file with information from the commit
463 which introduced the line. Optionally annotates from a given revision.
</p>
465 <div class=
"paragraph">
466 <p>The only difference between this command and
<a href=
"git-blame.html">git-blame(
1)
</a> is that
467 they use slightly different output formats, and this command exists only
468 for backward compatibility to support existing scripts, and provide a more
469 familiar command name for people coming from other SCM systems.
</p>
474 <h2 id=
"_options">OPTIONS
</h2>
475 <div class=
"sectionbody">
478 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-b
</dt>
480 <p>Show blank SHA-
1 for boundary commits. This can also
481 be controlled via the
<code>blame.blankBoundary
</code> config option.
</p>
483 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--root
</dt>
485 <p>Do not treat root commits as boundaries. This can also be
486 controlled via the
<code>blame.showRoot
</code> config option.
</p>
488 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--show-stats
</dt>
490 <p>Include additional statistics at the end of blame output.
</p>
492 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-L
<start
>,
<end
></dt>
493 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-L :
<funcname
></dt>
495 <p>Annotate only the line range given by
<em><start
>,
<end
></em>,
496 or by the function name regex
<em><funcname
></em>.
497 May be specified multiple times. Overlapping ranges are allowed.
</p>
498 <div class=
"paragraph">
499 <p><em><start
></em> and
<em><end
></em> are optional.
<code>-L
<start
></code> or
<code>-L
<start
>,
</code> spans from
500 <em><start
></em> to end of file.
<code>-L ,
<end
></code> spans from start of file to
<em><end
></em>.
</p>
502 <div class=
"paragraph">
503 <p><em><start
></em> and
<em><end
></em> can take one of these forms:
</p>
509 <div class=
"paragraph">
510 <p>If
<em><start
></em> or
<em><end
></em> is a number, it specifies an
511 absolute line number (lines count from
1).
</p>
515 <p><code>/regex/
</code></p>
516 <div class=
"paragraph">
517 <p>This form will use the first line matching the given
518 POSIX regex. If
<em><start
></em> is a regex, it will search from the end of
519 the previous
<code>-L
</code> range, if any, otherwise from the start of file.
520 If
<em><start
></em> is
<code>^/regex/
</code>, it will search from the start of file.
521 If
<em><end
></em> is a regex, it will search
522 starting at the line given by
<em><start
></em>.
</p>
526 <p>+offset or -offset
</p>
527 <div class=
"paragraph">
528 <p>This is only valid for
<em><end
></em> and will specify a number
529 of lines before or after the line given by
<em><start
></em>.
</p>
534 <div class=
"paragraph">
535 <p>If
<code>:
<funcname
></code> is given in place of
<em><start
></em> and
<em><end
></em>, it is a
536 regular expression that denotes the range from the first funcname line
537 that matches
<em><funcname
></em>, up to the next funcname line.
<code>:
<funcname
></code>
538 searches from the end of the previous
<code>-L
</code> range, if any, otherwise
539 from the start of file.
<code>^:
<funcname
></code> searches from the start of
540 file. The function names are determined in the same way as
<code>git diff
</code>
541 works out patch hunk headers (see
<em>Defining a custom hunk-header
</em>
542 in
<a href=
"gitattributes.html">gitattributes(
5)
</a>).
</p>
545 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-l
</dt>
547 <p>Show long rev (Default: off).
</p>
549 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-t
</dt>
551 <p>Show raw timestamp (Default: off).
</p>
553 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-S
<revs-file
></dt>
555 <p>Use revisions from revs-file instead of calling
<a href=
"git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(
1)
</a>.
</p>
557 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--reverse
<rev
>..
<rev
></dt>
559 <p>Walk history forward instead of backward. Instead of showing
560 the revision in which a line appeared, this shows the last
561 revision in which a line has existed. This requires a range of
562 revision like START..END where the path to blame exists in
563 START.
<code>git blame --reverse START
</code> is taken as
<code>git blame
564 --reverse START..HEAD
</code> for convenience.
</p>
566 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--first-parent
</dt>
568 <p>Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge
569 commit. This option can be used to determine when a line
570 was introduced to a particular integration branch, rather
571 than when it was introduced to the history overall.
</p>
573 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-p
</dt>
574 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--porcelain
</dt>
576 <p>Show in a format designed for machine consumption.
</p>
578 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--line-porcelain
</dt>
580 <p>Show the porcelain format, but output commit information for
581 each line, not just the first time a commit is referenced.
582 Implies --porcelain.
</p>
584 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--incremental
</dt>
586 <p>Show the result incrementally in a format designed for
587 machine consumption.
</p>
589 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--encoding=
<encoding
></dt>
591 <p>Specifies the encoding used to output author names
592 and commit summaries. Setting it to
<code>none
</code> makes blame
593 output unconverted data. For more information see the
594 discussion about encoding in the
<a href=
"git-log.html">git-log(
1)
</a>
597 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--contents
<file
></dt>
599 <p>Annotate using the contents from the named file, starting from
<rev
>
600 if it is specified, and HEAD otherwise. You may specify
<em>-
</em> to make
601 the command read from the standard input for the file contents.
</p>
603 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--date
<format
></dt>
605 <p>Specifies the format used to output dates. If --date is not
606 provided, the value of the blame.date config variable is
607 used. If the blame.date config variable is also not set, the
608 iso format is used. For supported values, see the discussion
609 of the --date option at
<a href=
"git-log.html">git-log(
1)
</a>.
</p>
611 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--[no-]progress
</dt>
613 <p>Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
614 by default when it is attached to a terminal. This flag
615 enables progress reporting even if not attached to a
616 terminal. Can
’t use
<code>--progress
</code> together with
<code>--porcelain
</code>
617 or
<code>--incremental
</code>.
</p>
619 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-M[
<num
>]
</dt>
621 <p>Detect moved or copied lines within a file. When a commit
622 moves or copies a block of lines (e.g. the original file
623 has A and then B, and the commit changes it to B and then
624 A), the traditional
<em>blame
</em> algorithm notices only half of
625 the movement and typically blames the lines that were moved
626 up (i.e. B) to the parent and assigns blame to the lines that
627 were moved down (i.e. A) to the child commit. With this
628 option, both groups of lines are blamed on the parent by
629 running extra passes of inspection.
</p>
630 <div class=
"paragraph">
631 <p><num
> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
632 alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
633 within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent
634 commit. The default value is
20.
</p>
637 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-C[
<num
>]
</dt>
639 <p>In addition to
<code>-M
</code>, detect lines moved or copied from other
640 files that were modified in the same commit. This is
641 useful when you reorganize your program and move code
642 around across files. When this option is given twice,
643 the command additionally looks for copies from other
644 files in the commit that creates the file. When this
645 option is given three times, the command additionally
646 looks for copies from other files in any commit.
</p>
647 <div class=
"paragraph">
648 <p><num
> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
649 alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
650 between files for it to associate those lines with the parent
651 commit. And the default value is
40. If there are more than one
652 <code>-C
</code> options given, the
<num
> argument of the last
<code>-C
</code> will
656 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--ignore-rev
<rev
></dt>
658 <p>Ignore changes made by the revision when assigning blame, as if the
659 change never happened. Lines that were changed or added by an ignored
660 commit will be blamed on the previous commit that changed that line or
661 nearby lines. This option may be specified multiple times to ignore
662 more than one revision. If the
<code>blame.markIgnoredLines
</code> config option
663 is set, then lines that were changed by an ignored commit and attributed to
664 another commit will be marked with a
<code>?
</code> in the blame output. If the
665 <code>blame.markUnblamableLines
</code> config option is set, then those lines touched
666 by an ignored commit that we could not attribute to another revision are
667 marked with a
<em>*
</em>.
</p>
669 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--ignore-revs-file
<file
></dt>
671 <p>Ignore revisions listed in
<code>file
</code>, which must be in the same format as an
672 <code>fsck.skipList
</code>. This option may be repeated, and these files will be
673 processed after any files specified with the
<code>blame.ignoreRevsFile
</code> config
674 option. An empty file name,
<code>""</code>, will clear the list of revs from
675 previously processed files.
</p>
677 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--color-lines
</dt>
679 <p>Color line annotations in the default format differently if they come from
680 the same commit as the preceding line. This makes it easier to distinguish
681 code blocks introduced by different commits. The color defaults to cyan and
682 can be adjusted using the
<code>color.blame.repeatedLines
</code> config option.
</p>
684 <dt class=
"hdlist1">--color-by-age
</dt>
686 <p>Color line annotations depending on the age of the line in the default format.
687 The
<code>color.blame.highlightRecent
</code> config option controls what color is used for
688 each range of age.
</p>
690 <dt class=
"hdlist1">-h
</dt>
692 <p>Show help message.
</p>
699 <h2 id=
"_see_also">SEE ALSO
</h2>
700 <div class=
"sectionbody">
701 <div class=
"paragraph">
702 <p><a href=
"git-blame.html">git-blame(
1)
</a></p>
707 <h2 id=
"_git">GIT
</h2>
708 <div class=
"sectionbody">
709 <div class=
"paragraph">
710 <p>Part of the
<a href=
"git.html">git(
1)
</a> suite
</p>
716 <div id=
"footer-text">
717 Last updated
2022-
10-
28 11:
53:
56 -
0700