giteveryday.html

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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>giteveryday(7) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>giteveryday - A useful minimum set of commands for Everyday Git</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="paragraph">
 454 <p>Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So</p>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="paragraph">
 462 <p>Git users can broadly be grouped into four categories for the purposes of
 463 describing here a small set of useful commands for everyday Git.</p>
 464 </div>
 465 <div class="ulist">
 466 <ul>
 467 <li>
 468 <p><a href="#STANDALONE">Individual Developer (Standalone)</a> commands are essential
 469 for anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who works alone.</p>
 470 </li>
 471 <li>
 472 <p>If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in
 473 the <a href="#PARTICIPANT">Individual Developer (Participant)</a> section as well.</p>
 474 </li>
 475 <li>
 476 <p>People who play the <a href="#INTEGRATOR">Integrator</a> role need to learn some
 477 more commands in addition to the above.</p>
 478 </li>
 479 <li>
 480 <p><a href="#ADMINISTRATION">Repository Administration</a> commands are for system
 481 administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
 482 of Git repositories.</p>
 483 </li>
 484 </ul>
 485 </div>
 486 </div>
 487 </div>
 488 <div class="sect1">
 489 <h2 id="_individual_developer_standalone">Individual Developer (Standalone)<a id="STANDALONE"></a></h2>
 490 <div class="sectionbody">
 491 <div class="paragraph">
 492 <p>A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with
 493 other people, and works alone in a single repository, using the
 494 following commands.</p>
 495 </div>
 496 <div class="ulist">
 497 <ul>
 498 <li>
 499 <p><a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a> to create a new repository.</p>
 500 </li>
 501 <li>
 502 <p><a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> to see what happened.</p>
 503 </li>
 504 <li>
 505 <p><a href="git-switch.html">git-switch(1)</a> and <a href="git-branch.html">git-branch(1)</a> to switch
 506 branches.</p>
 507 </li>
 508 <li>
 509 <p><a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> to manage the index file.</p>
 510 </li>
 511 <li>
 512 <p><a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> and <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> to see what
 513 you are in the middle of doing.</p>
 514 </li>
 515 <li>
 516 <p><a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> to advance the current branch.</p>
 517 </li>
 518 <li>
 519 <p><a href="git-restore.html">git-restore(1)</a> to undo changes.</p>
 520 </li>
 521 <li>
 522 <p><a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a> to merge between local branches.</p>
 523 </li>
 524 <li>
 525 <p><a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> to maintain topic branches.</p>
 526 </li>
 527 <li>
 528 <p><a href="git-tag.html">git-tag(1)</a> to mark a known point.</p>
 529 </li>
 530 </ul>
 531 </div>
 532 <div class="sect2">
 533 <h3 id="_examples">Examples</h3>
 534 <div class="dlist">
 535 <dl>
 536 <dt class="hdlist1">Use a tarball as a starting point for a new repository.</dt>
 537 <dd>
 538 <div class="listingblock">
 539 <div class="content">
 540 <pre>$ tar zxf frotz.tar.gz
 541 $ cd frotz
 542 $ git init
 543 $ git add . <b class="conum">(1)</b>
 544 $ git commit -m "import of frotz source tree."
 545 $ git tag v2.43 <b class="conum">(2)</b></pre>
 546 </div>
 547 </div>
 548 <div class="colist arabic">
 549 <ol>
 550 <li>
 551 <p>add everything under the current directory.</p>
 552 </li>
 553 <li>
 554 <p>make a lightweight, unannotated tag.</p>
 555 </li>
 556 </ol>
 557 </div>
 558 </dd>
 559 <dt class="hdlist1">Create a topic branch and develop.</dt>
 560 <dd>
 561 <div class="listingblock">
 562 <div class="content">
 563 <pre>$ git switch -c alsa-audio <b class="conum">(1)</b>
 564 $ edit/compile/test
 565 $ git restore curses/ux_audio_oss.c <b class="conum">(2)</b>
 566 $ git add curses/ux_audio_alsa.c <b class="conum">(3)</b>
 567 $ edit/compile/test
 568 $ git diff HEAD <b class="conum">(4)</b>
 569 $ git commit -a -s <b class="conum">(5)</b>
 570 $ edit/compile/test
 571 $ git diff HEAD^ <b class="conum">(6)</b>
 572 $ git commit -a --amend <b class="conum">(7)</b>
 573 $ git switch master <b class="conum">(8)</b>
 574 $ git merge alsa-audio <b class="conum">(9)</b>
 575 $ git log --since='3 days ago' <b class="conum">(10)</b>
 576 $ git log v2.43.. curses/ <b class="conum">(11)</b></pre>
 577 </div>
 578 </div>
 579 <div class="colist arabic">
 580 <ol>
 581 <li>
 582 <p>create a new topic branch.</p>
 583 </li>
 584 <li>
 585 <p>revert your botched changes in <code>curses/ux_audio_oss.c</code>.</p>
 586 </li>
 587 <li>
 588 <p>you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and
 589 modification will be caught if you do <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> <code>-a</code> later.</p>
 590 </li>
 591 <li>
 592 <p>to see what changes you are committing.</p>
 593 </li>
 594 <li>
 595 <p>commit everything, as you have tested, with your sign-off.</p>
 596 </li>
 597 <li>
 598 <p>look at all your changes including the previous commit.</p>
 599 </li>
 600 <li>
 601 <p>amend the previous commit, adding all your new changes,
 602 using your original message.</p>
 603 </li>
 604 <li>
 605 <p>switch to the master branch.</p>
 606 </li>
 607 <li>
 608 <p>merge a topic branch into your master branch.</p>
 609 </li>
 610 <li>
 611 <p>review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be
 612 combined and include <code>-10</code> (to show up to 10 commits),
 613 <code>--until=2005-12-10</code>, etc.</p>
 614 </li>
 615 <li>
 616 <p>view only the changes that touch what&#8217;s in <code>curses/</code>
 617 directory, since <code>v2.43</code> tag.</p>
 618 </li>
 619 </ol>
 620 </div>
 621 </dd>
 622 </dl>
 623 </div>
 624 </div>
 625 </div>
 626 </div>
 627 <div class="sect1">
 628 <h2 id="_individual_developer_participant">Individual Developer (Participant)<a id="PARTICIPANT"></a></h2>
 629 <div class="sectionbody">
 630 <div class="paragraph">
 631 <p>A developer working as a participant in a group project needs to
 632 learn how to communicate with others, and uses these commands in
 633 addition to the ones needed by a standalone developer.</p>
 634 </div>
 635 <div class="ulist">
 636 <ul>
 637 <li>
 638 <p><a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> from the upstream to prime your local
 639 repository.</p>
 640 </li>
 641 <li>
 642 <p><a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> and <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> from "origin"
 643 to keep up-to-date with the upstream.</p>
 644 </li>
 645 <li>
 646 <p><a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> to shared repository, if you adopt CVS
 647 style shared repository workflow.</p>
 648 </li>
 649 <li>
 650 <p><a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> to prepare e-mail submission, if
 651 you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow.</p>
 652 </li>
 653 <li>
 654 <p><a href="git-send-email.html">git-send-email(1)</a> to send your e-mail submission without
 655 corruption by your MUA.</p>
 656 </li>
 657 <li>
 658 <p><a href="git-request-pull.html">git-request-pull(1)</a> to create a summary of changes
 659 for your upstream to pull.</p>
 660 </li>
 661 </ul>
 662 </div>
 663 <div class="sect2">
 664 <h3 id="_examples_2">Examples</h3>
 665 <div class="dlist">
 666 <dl>
 667 <dt class="hdlist1">Clone the upstream and work on it.  Feed changes to upstream.</dt>
 668 <dd>
 669 <div class="listingblock">
 670 <div class="content">
 671 <pre>$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6
 672 $ cd my2.6
 673 $ git switch -c mine master <b class="conum">(1)</b>
 674 $ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <b class="conum">(2)</b>
 675 $ git format-patch master <b class="conum">(3)</b>
 676 $ git send-email --to="person &lt;email@example.com&gt;" 00*.patch <b class="conum">(4)</b>
 677 $ git switch master <b class="conum">(5)</b>
 678 $ git pull <b class="conum">(6)</b>
 679 $ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <b class="conum">(7)</b>
 680 $ git ls-remote --heads http://git.kernel.org/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git <b class="conum">(8)</b>
 681 $ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <b class="conum">(9)</b>
 682 $ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <b class="conum">(10)</b>
 683 $ git gc <b class="conum">(11)</b></pre>
 684 </div>
 685 </div>
 686 <div class="colist arabic">
 687 <ol>
 688 <li>
 689 <p>checkout a new branch <code>mine</code> from master.</p>
 690 </li>
 691 <li>
 692 <p>repeat as needed.</p>
 693 </li>
 694 <li>
 695 <p>extract patches from your branch, relative to master,</p>
 696 </li>
 697 <li>
 698 <p>and email them.</p>
 699 </li>
 700 <li>
 701 <p>return to <code>master</code>, ready to see what&#8217;s new</p>
 702 </li>
 703 <li>
 704 <p><code>git</code> <code>pull</code> fetches from <code>origin</code> by default and merges into the
 705 current branch.</p>
 706 </li>
 707 <li>
 708 <p>immediately after pulling, look at the changes done upstream
 709 since last time we checked, only in the
 710 area we are interested in.</p>
 711 </li>
 712 <li>
 713 <p>check the branch names in an external repository (if not known).</p>
 714 </li>
 715 <li>
 716 <p>fetch from a specific branch <code>ALL</code> from a specific repository
 717 and merge it.</p>
 718 </li>
 719 <li>
 720 <p>revert the pull.</p>
 721 </li>
 722 <li>
 723 <p>garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull.</p>
 724 </li>
 725 </ol>
 726 </div>
 727 </dd>
 728 <dt class="hdlist1">Push into another repository.</dt>
 729 <dd>
 730 <div class="listingblock">
 731 <div class="content">
 732 <pre>satellite$ git clone mothership:frotz frotz <b class="conum">(1)</b>
 733 satellite$ cd frotz
 734 satellite$ git config --get-regexp '^(remote|branch)\.' <b class="conum">(2)</b>
 735 remote.origin.url mothership:frotz
 736 remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
 737 branch.master.remote origin
 738 branch.master.merge refs/heads/master
 739 satellite$ git config remote.origin.push \
 740            +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/satellite/* <b class="conum">(3)</b>
 741 satellite$ edit/compile/test/commit
 742 satellite$ git push origin <b class="conum">(4)</b>
 743
 744 mothership$ cd frotz
 745 mothership$ git switch master
 746 mothership$ git merge satellite/master <b class="conum">(5)</b></pre>
 747 </div>
 748 </div>
 749 <div class="colist arabic">
 750 <ol>
 751 <li>
 752 <p>mothership machine has a frotz repository under your home
 753 directory; clone from it to start a repository on the satellite
 754 machine.</p>
 755 </li>
 756 <li>
 757 <p>clone sets these configuration variables by default.
 758 It arranges <code>git</code> <code>pull</code> to fetch and store the branches of mothership
 759 machine to local <code>remotes/origin/</code>* remote-tracking branches.</p>
 760 </li>
 761 <li>
 762 <p>arrange <code>git</code> <code>push</code> to push all local branches to
 763 their corresponding branch of the mothership machine.</p>
 764 </li>
 765 <li>
 766 <p>push will stash all our work away on <code>remotes/satellite/</code>*
 767 remote-tracking branches on the mothership machine.  You could use this
 768 as a back-up method. Likewise, you can pretend that mothership
 769 "fetched" from you (useful when access is one sided).</p>
 770 </li>
 771 <li>
 772 <p>on mothership machine, merge the work done on the satellite
 773 machine into the master branch.</p>
 774 </li>
 775 </ol>
 776 </div>
 777 </dd>
 778 <dt class="hdlist1">Branch off of a specific tag.</dt>
 779 <dd>
 780 <div class="listingblock">
 781 <div class="content">
 782 <pre>$ git switch -c private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <b class="conum">(1)</b>
 783 $ edit/compile/test; git commit -a
 784 $ git checkout master
 785 $ git cherry-pick v2.6.14..private2.6.14 <b class="conum">(2)</b></pre>
 786 </div>
 787 </div>
 788 <div class="colist arabic">
 789 <ol>
 790 <li>
 791 <p>create a private branch based on a well known (but somewhat behind)
 792 tag.</p>
 793 </li>
 794 <li>
 795 <p>forward port all changes in <code>private2.6.14</code> branch to <code>master</code> branch
 796 without a formal "merging". Or longhand<br/>
 797 <code>git</code> <code>format-patch</code> <code>-k</code> <code>-m</code> <code>--stdout</code> <code>v2.6.14</code><code>..</code><code>private2.6.14</code> |
 798   <code>git</code> <code>am</code> <code>-3</code> <code>-k</code></p>
 799 </li>
 800 </ol>
 801 </div>
 802 </dd>
 803 </dl>
 804 </div>
 805 <div class="paragraph">
 806 <p>An alternate participant submission mechanism is using the
 807 <code>git</code> <code>request-pull</code> or pull-request mechanisms (e.g. as used on
 808 GitHub (www.github.com) to notify your upstream of your
 809 contribution.</p>
 810 </div>
 811 </div>
 812 </div>
 813 </div>
 814 <div class="sect1">
 815 <h2 id="_integrator">Integrator<a id="INTEGRATOR"></a></h2>
 816 <div class="sectionbody">
 817 <div class="paragraph">
 818 <p>A fairly central person acting as the integrator in a group
 819 project receives changes made by others, reviews and integrates
 820 them and publishes the result for others to use, using these
 821 commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.</p>
 822 </div>
 823 <div class="paragraph">
 824 <p>This section can also be used by those who respond to <code>git</code>
 825 <code>request-pull</code> or pull-request on GitHub (www.github.com) to
 826 integrate the work of others into their history. A sub-area
 827 lieutenant for a repository will act both as a participant and
 828 as an integrator.</p>
 829 </div>
 830 <div class="ulist">
 831 <ul>
 832 <li>
 833 <p><a href="git-am.html">git-am(1)</a> to apply patches e-mailed in from your
 834 contributors.</p>
 835 </li>
 836 <li>
 837 <p><a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> to merge from your trusted lieutenants.</p>
 838 </li>
 839 <li>
 840 <p><a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> to prepare and send suggested
 841 alternative to contributors.</p>
 842 </li>
 843 <li>
 844 <p><a href="git-revert.html">git-revert(1)</a> to undo botched commits.</p>
 845 </li>
 846 <li>
 847 <p><a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> to publish the bleeding edge.</p>
 848 </li>
 849 </ul>
 850 </div>
 851 <div class="sect2">
 852 <h3 id="_examples_3">Examples</h3>
 853 <div class="dlist">
 854 <dl>
 855 <dt class="hdlist1">A typical integrator&#8217;s Git day.</dt>
 856 <dd>
 857 <div class="listingblock">
 858 <div class="content">
 859 <pre>$ git status <b class="conum">(1)</b>
 860 $ git branch --no-merged master <b class="conum">(2)</b>
 861 $ mailx <b class="conum">(3)</b>
 862 &amp; s 2 3 4 5 ./+to-apply
 863 &amp; s 7 8 ./+hold-linus
 864 &amp; q
 865 $ git switch -c topic/one master
 866 $ git am -3 -i -s ./+to-apply <b class="conum">(4)</b>
 867 $ compile/test
 868 $ git switch -c hold/linus &amp;&amp; git am -3 -i -s ./+hold-linus <b class="conum">(5)</b>
 869 $ git switch topic/one &amp;&amp; git rebase master <b class="conum">(6)</b>
 870 $ git switch -C seen next <b class="conum">(7)</b>
 871 $ git merge topic/one topic/two &amp;&amp; git merge hold/linus <b class="conum">(8)</b>
 872 $ git switch maint
 873 $ git cherry-pick master~4 <b class="conum">(9)</b>
 874 $ compile/test
 875 $ git tag -s -m "GIT 0.99.9x" v0.99.9x <b class="conum">(10)</b>
 876 $ git fetch ko &amp;&amp; for branch in master maint next seen <b class="conum">(11)</b>
 877     do
 878         git show-branch ko/$branch $branch <b class="conum">(12)</b>
 879     done
 880 $ git push --follow-tags ko <b class="conum">(13)</b></pre>
 881 </div>
 882 </div>
 883 <div class="colist arabic">
 884 <ol>
 885 <li>
 886 <p>see what you were in the middle of doing, if anything.</p>
 887 </li>
 888 <li>
 889 <p>see which branches haven&#8217;t been merged into <code>master</code> yet.
 890 Likewise for any other integration branches e.g. <code>maint</code>, <code>next</code>
 891 and <code>seen</code>.</p>
 892 </li>
 893 <li>
 894 <p>read mails, save ones that are applicable, and save others
 895 that are not quite ready (other mail readers are available).</p>
 896 </li>
 897 <li>
 898 <p>apply them, interactively, with your sign-offs.</p>
 899 </li>
 900 <li>
 901 <p>create topic branch as needed and apply, again with sign-offs.</p>
 902 </li>
 903 <li>
 904 <p>rebase internal topic branch that has not been merged to the
 905 master or exposed as a part of a stable branch.</p>
 906 </li>
 907 <li>
 908 <p>restart <code>seen</code> every time from the next.</p>
 909 </li>
 910 <li>
 911 <p>and bundle topic branches still cooking.</p>
 912 </li>
 913 <li>
 914 <p>backport a critical fix.</p>
 915 </li>
 916 <li>
 917 <p>create a signed tag.</p>
 918 </li>
 919 <li>
 920 <p>make sure master was not accidentally rewound beyond that
 921 already pushed out.</p>
 922 </li>
 923 <li>
 924 <p>In the output from <code>git</code> <code>show-branch</code>, <code>master</code> should have
 925 everything <code>ko/master</code> has, and <code>next</code> should have
 926 everything <code>ko/next</code> has, etc.</p>
 927 </li>
 928 <li>
 929 <p>push out the bleeding edge, together with new tags that point
 930 into the pushed history.</p>
 931 </li>
 932 </ol>
 933 </div>
 934 </dd>
 935 </dl>
 936 </div>
 937 <div class="paragraph">
 938 <p>In this example, the <code>ko</code> shorthand points at the Git maintainer&#8217;s
 939 repository at kernel.org, and looks like this:</p>
 940 </div>
 941 <div class="listingblock">
 942 <div class="content">
 943 <pre>(in .git/config)
 944 [remote "ko"]
 945         url = kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git
 946         fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/ko/*
 947         push = refs/heads/master
 948         push = refs/heads/next
 949         push = +refs/heads/seen
 950         push = refs/heads/maint</pre>
 951 </div>
 952 </div>
 953 </div>
 954 </div>
 955 </div>
 956 <div class="sect1">
 957 <h2 id="_repository_administration">Repository Administration<a id="ADMINISTRATION"></a></h2>
 958 <div class="sectionbody">
 959 <div class="paragraph">
 960 <p>A repository administrator uses the following tools to set up
 961 and maintain access to the repository by developers.</p>
 962 </div>
 963 <div class="ulist">
 964 <ul>
 965 <li>
 966 <p><a href="git-daemon.html">git-daemon(1)</a> to allow anonymous download from
 967 repository.</p>
 968 </li>
 969 <li>
 970 <p><a href="git-shell.html">git-shell(1)</a> can be used as a <em>restricted login shell</em>
 971 for shared central repository users.</p>
 972 </li>
 973 <li>
 974 <p><a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a> provides a server side implementation
 975 of Git-over-HTTP ("Smart http") allowing both fetch and push services.</p>
 976 </li>
 977 <li>
 978 <p><a href="gitweb.html">gitweb(1)</a> provides a web front-end to Git repositories,
 979 which can be set-up using the <a href="git-instaweb.html">git-instaweb(1)</a> script.</p>
 980 </li>
 981 </ul>
 982 </div>
 983 <div class="paragraph">
 984 <p><a href="howto/update-hook-example.html">update hook howto</a> has a good
 985 example of managing a shared central repository.</p>
 986 </div>
 987 <div class="paragraph">
 988 <p>In addition there are a number of other widely deployed hosting, browsing
 989 and reviewing solutions such as:</p>
 990 </div>
 991 <div class="ulist">
 992 <ul>
 993 <li>
 994 <p>gitolite, gerrit code review, cgit and others.</p>
 995 </li>
 996 </ul>
 997 </div>
 998 <div class="sect2">
 999 <h3 id="_examples_4">Examples</h3>
1000 <div class="dlist">
1001 <dl>
1002 <dt class="hdlist1">We assume the following in /etc/services</dt>
1003 <dd>
1004 <div class="listingblock">
1005 <div class="content">
1006 <pre>$ grep 9418 /etc/services
1007 git             9418/tcp                # Git Version Control System</pre>
1008 </div>
1009 </div>
1010 </dd>
1011 <dt class="hdlist1">Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from inetd.</dt>
1012 <dd>
1013 <div class="listingblock">
1014 <div class="content">
1015 <pre>$ grep git /etc/inetd.conf
1016 git     stream  tcp     nowait  nobody \
1017   /usr/bin/git-daemon git-daemon --inetd --export-all /pub/scm</pre>
1018 </div>
1019 </div>
1020 <div class="paragraph">
1021 <p>The actual configuration line should be on one line.</p>
1022 </div>
1023 </dd>
1024 <dt class="hdlist1">Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from xinetd.</dt>
1025 <dd>
1026 <div class="listingblock">
1027 <div class="content">
1028 <pre>$ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon
1029 # default: off
1030 # description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories
1031 service git
1032 {
1033         disable = no
1034         type            = UNLISTED
1035         port            = 9418
1036         socket_type     = stream
1037         wait            = no
1038         user            = nobody
1039         server          = /usr/bin/git-daemon
1040         server_args     = --inetd --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm
1041         log_on_failure  += USERID
1042 }</pre>
1043 </div>
1044 </div>
1045 <div class="paragraph">
1046 <p>Check your xinetd(8) documentation and setup, this is from a Fedora system.
1047 Others might be different.</p>
1048 </div>
1049 </dd>
1050 <dt class="hdlist1">Give push/pull only access to developers using git-over-ssh.</dt>
1051 <dd>
1052 <p>e.g. those using:
1053 <code>$</code> <code>git</code> <code>push/pull</code> <code>ssh://host.xz/pub/scm/project</code></p>
1054 <div class="listingblock">
1055 <div class="content">
1056 <pre>$ grep git /etc/passwd <b class="conum">(1)</b>
1057 alice:x:1000:1000::/home/alice:/usr/bin/git-shell
1058 bob:x:1001:1001::/home/bob:/usr/bin/git-shell
1059 cindy:x:1002:1002::/home/cindy:/usr/bin/git-shell
1060 david:x:1003:1003::/home/david:/usr/bin/git-shell
1061 $ grep git /etc/shells <b class="conum">(2)</b>
1062 /usr/bin/git-shell</pre>
1063 </div>
1064 </div>
1065 <div class="colist arabic">
1066 <ol>
1067 <li>
1068 <p>log-in shell is set to /usr/bin/git-shell, which does not
1069 allow anything but <code>git</code> <code>push</code> and <code>git</code> <code>pull</code>.  The users require
1070 ssh access to the machine.</p>
1071 </li>
1072 <li>
1073 <p>in many distributions /etc/shells needs to list what is used
1074 as the login shell.</p>
1075 </li>
1076 </ol>
1077 </div>
1078 </dd>
1079 <dt class="hdlist1">CVS-style shared repository.</dt>
1080 <dd>
1081 <div class="listingblock">
1082 <div class="content">
1083 <pre>$ grep git /etc/group <b class="conum">(1)</b>
1084 git:x:9418:alice,bob,cindy,david
1085 $ cd /home/devo.git
1086 $ ls -l <b class="conum">(2)</b>
1087   lrwxrwxrwx   1 david git    17 Dec  4 22:40 HEAD -&gt; refs/heads/master
1088   drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 branches
1089   -rw-rw-r--   1 david git    84 Dec  4 22:40 config
1090   -rw-rw-r--   1 david git    58 Dec  4 22:40 description
1091   drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 hooks
1092   -rw-rw-r--   1 david git 37504 Dec  4 22:40 index
1093   drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 info
1094   drwxrwsr-x   4 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 objects
1095   drwxrwsr-x   4 david git  4096 Nov  7 14:58 refs
1096   drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 remotes
1097 $ ls -l hooks/update <b class="conum">(3)</b>
1098   -r-xr-xr-x   1 david git  3536 Dec  4 22:40 update
1099 $ cat info/allowed-users <b class="conum">(4)</b>
1100 refs/heads/master       alice\|cindy
1101 refs/heads/doc-update   bob
1102 refs/tags/v[0-9]*       david</pre>
1103 </div>
1104 </div>
1105 <div class="colist arabic">
1106 <ol>
1107 <li>
1108 <p>place the developers into the same git group.</p>
1109 </li>
1110 <li>
1111 <p>and make the shared repository writable by the group.</p>
1112 </li>
1113 <li>
1114 <p>use update-hook example by Carl from Documentation/howto/
1115 for branch policy control.</p>
1116 </li>
1117 <li>
1118 <p>alice and cindy can push into master, only bob can push into doc-update.
1119 david is the release manager and is the only person who can
1120 create and push version tags.</p>
1121 </li>
1122 </ol>
1123 </div>
1124 </dd>
1125 </dl>
1126 </div>
1127 </div>
1128 </div>
1129 </div>
1130 <div class="sect1">
1131 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1132 <div class="sectionbody">
1133 <div class="paragraph">
1134 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
1135 </div>
1136 </div>
1137 </div>
1138 </div>
1139 <div id="footer">
1140 <div id="footer-text">
1141 Last updated 2023-10-29 16:42:00 -0700
1142 </div>
1143 </div>
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