gitignore.html

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 440 </head>
 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>gitignore(5) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="paragraph">
 454 <p>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore, $GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore</p>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="paragraph">
 462 <p>A <code>gitignore</code> file specifies intentionally untracked files that
 463 Git should ignore.
 464 Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES
 465 below for details.</p>
 466 </div>
 467 <div class="paragraph">
 468 <p>Each line in a <code>gitignore</code> file specifies a pattern.
 469 When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks
 470 <code>gitignore</code> patterns from multiple sources, with the following
 471 order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
 472 precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):</p>
 473 </div>
 474 <div class="ulist">
 475 <ul>
 476 <li>
 477 <p>Patterns read from the command line for those commands that support
 478 them.</p>
 479 </li>
 480 <li>
 481 <p>Patterns read from a .<code>gitignore</code> file in the same directory
 482 as the path, or in any parent directory (up to the top-level of the working
 483 tree), with patterns in the higher level files being overridden by those in
 484 lower level files down to the directory containing the file. These patterns
 485 match relative to the location of the .<code>gitignore</code> file.  A project normally
 486 includes such .<code>gitignore</code> files in its repository, containing patterns for
 487 files generated as part of the project build.</p>
 488 </li>
 489 <li>
 490 <p>Patterns read from <code>$GIT_DIR/info/exclude</code>.</p>
 491 </li>
 492 <li>
 493 <p>Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
 494 variable <code>core.excludesFile</code>.</p>
 495 </li>
 496 </ul>
 497 </div>
 498 <div class="paragraph">
 499 <p>Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
 500 be used.</p>
 501 </div>
 502 <div class="ulist">
 503 <ul>
 504 <li>
 505 <p>Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
 506 other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
 507 to ignore) should go into a .<code>gitignore</code> file.</p>
 508 </li>
 509 <li>
 510 <p>Patterns which are
 511 specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
 512 with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
 513 the repository but are specific to one user&#8217;s workflow) should go into
 514 the <code>$GIT_DIR/info/exclude</code> file.</p>
 515 </li>
 516 <li>
 517 <p>Patterns which a user wants Git to
 518 ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
 519 the user&#8217;s editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
 520 <code>core.excludesFile</code> in the user&#8217;s <code>~/.gitconfig</code>. Its default value is
 521 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or
 522 empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead.</p>
 523 </li>
 524 </ul>
 525 </div>
 526 <div class="paragraph">
 527 <p>The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as
 528 <em>git ls-files</em> and <em>git read-tree</em>, read
 529 <code>gitignore</code> patterns specified by command-line options, or from
 530 files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level Git
 531 tools, such as <em>git status</em> and <em>git add</em>,
 532 use patterns from the sources specified above.</p>
 533 </div>
 534 </div>
 535 </div>
 536 <div class="sect1">
 537 <h2 id="_pattern_format">PATTERN FORMAT</h2>
 538 <div class="sectionbody">
 539 <div class="ulist">
 540 <ul>
 541 <li>
 542 <p>A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator
 543 for readability.</p>
 544 </li>
 545 <li>
 546 <p>A line starting with # serves as a comment.
 547 Put a backslash ("\") in front of the first hash for patterns
 548 that begin with a hash.</p>
 549 </li>
 550 <li>
 551 <p>Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash
 552 ("\").</p>
 553 </li>
 554 <li>
 555 <p>An optional prefix "!" which negates the pattern; any
 556 matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
 557 included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent
 558 directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn&#8217;t list excluded
 559 directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained
 560 files have no effect, no matter where they are defined.
 561 Put a backslash ("\") in front of the first "!" for patterns
 562 that begin with a literal "!", for example, "\!important!.<code>txt</code>".</p>
 563 </li>
 564 <li>
 565 <p>The slash "<code>/</code>" is used as the directory separator. Separators may
 566 occur at the beginning, middle or end of the .<code>gitignore</code> search pattern.</p>
 567 </li>
 568 <li>
 569 <p>If there is a separator at the beginning or middle (or both) of the
 570 pattern, then the pattern is relative to the directory level of the
 571 particular .<code>gitignore</code> file itself. Otherwise the pattern may also
 572 match at any level below the .<code>gitignore</code> level.</p>
 573 </li>
 574 <li>
 575 <p>If there is a separator at the end of the pattern then the pattern
 576 will only match directories, otherwise the pattern can match both
 577 files and directories.</p>
 578 </li>
 579 <li>
 580 <p>For example, a pattern <code>doc/frotz/</code> matches <code>doc/frotz</code> directory,
 581 but not <code>a/doc/frotz</code> directory; however <code>frotz/</code> matches <code>frotz</code>
 582 and <code>a/frotz</code> that is a directory (all paths are relative from
 583 the .<code>gitignore</code> file).</p>
 584 </li>
 585 <li>
 586 <p>An asterisk "*" matches anything except a slash.
 587 The character "?" matches any one character except "<code>/</code>".
 588 The range notation, e.g. [<code>a-zA-Z</code>], can be used to match
 589 one of the characters in a range. See fnmatch(3) and the
 590 FNM_PATHNAME flag for a more detailed description.</p>
 591 </li>
 592 </ul>
 593 </div>
 594 <div class="paragraph">
 595 <p>Two consecutive asterisks ("**") in patterns matched against
 596 full pathname may have special meaning:</p>
 597 </div>
 598 <div class="ulist">
 599 <ul>
 600 <li>
 601 <p>A leading "**" followed by a slash means match in all
 602 directories. For example, "**/foo" matches file or directory
 603 "<code>foo</code>" anywhere, the same as pattern "<code>foo</code>". "**/foo/bar"
 604 matches file or directory "<code>bar</code>" anywhere that is directly
 605 under directory "<code>foo</code>".</p>
 606 </li>
 607 <li>
 608 <p>A trailing "<code>/</code>**" matches everything inside. For example,
 609 "<code>abc/</code>**" matches all files inside directory "<code>abc</code>", relative
 610 to the location of the .<code>gitignore</code> file, with infinite depth.</p>
 611 </li>
 612 <li>
 613 <p>A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
 614 matches zero or more directories. For example, "<code>a/</code>**/b"
 615 matches "<code>a/b</code>", "<code>a/x/b</code>", "<code>a/x/y/b</code>" and so on.</p>
 616 </li>
 617 <li>
 618 <p>Other consecutive asterisks are considered regular asterisks and
 619 will match according to the previous rules.</p>
 620 </li>
 621 </ul>
 622 </div>
 623 </div>
 624 </div>
 625 <div class="sect1">
 626 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
 627 <div class="sectionbody">
 628 <div class="paragraph">
 629 <p>The optional configuration variable <code>core.excludesFile</code> indicates a path to a
 630 file containing patterns of file names to exclude, similar to
 631 <code>$GIT_DIR/info/exclude</code>.  Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to
 632 those in <code>$GIT_DIR/info/exclude</code>.</p>
 633 </div>
 634 </div>
 635 </div>
 636 <div class="sect1">
 637 <h2 id="_notes">NOTES</h2>
 638 <div class="sectionbody">
 639 <div class="paragraph">
 640 <p>The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
 641 not tracked by Git remain untracked.</p>
 642 </div>
 643 <div class="paragraph">
 644 <p>To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use
 645 <em>git rm --cached</em> to remove the file from the index. The filename
 646 can then be added to the .<code>gitignore</code> file to stop the file from
 647 being reintroduced in later commits.</p>
 648 </div>
 649 <div class="paragraph">
 650 <p>Git does not follow symbolic links when accessing a .<code>gitignore</code> file in
 651 the working tree. This keeps behavior consistent when the file is
 652 accessed from the index or a tree versus from the filesystem.</p>
 653 </div>
 654 </div>
 655 </div>
 656 <div class="sect1">
 657 <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
 658 <div class="sectionbody">
 659 <div class="ulist">
 660 <ul>
 661 <li>
 662 <p>The pattern <code>hello.</code>* matches any file or directory
 663 whose name begins with <code>hello.</code>. If one wants to restrict
 664 this only to the directory and not in its subdirectories,
 665 one can prepend the pattern with a slash, i.e. <code>/hello.</code>*;
 666 the pattern now matches <code>hello.txt</code>, <code>hello.c</code> but not
 667 <code>a/hello.java</code>.</p>
 668 </li>
 669 <li>
 670 <p>The pattern <code>foo/</code> will match a directory <code>foo</code> and
 671 paths underneath it, but will not match a regular file
 672 or a symbolic link <code>foo</code> (this is consistent with the
 673 way how pathspec works in general in Git)</p>
 674 </li>
 675 <li>
 676 <p>The pattern <code>doc/frotz</code> and <code>/doc/frotz</code> have the same effect
 677 in any .<code>gitignore</code> file. In other words, a leading slash
 678 is not relevant  if there is already a middle slash in
 679 the pattern.</p>
 680 </li>
 681 <li>
 682 <p>The pattern <code>foo/</code>*, matches <code>foo/test.json</code>
 683 (a regular file), <code>foo/bar</code> (a directory), but it does not match
 684 <code>foo/bar/hello.c</code> (a regular file), as the asterisk in the
 685 pattern does not match <code>bar/hello.c</code> which has a slash in it.</p>
 686 </li>
 687 </ul>
 688 </div>
 689 <div class="listingblock">
 690 <div class="content">
 691 <pre>    $ git status
 692     [...]
 693     # Untracked files:
 694     [...]
 695     #       Documentation/foo.html
 696     #       Documentation/gitignore.html
 697     #       file.o
 698     #       lib.a
 699     #       src/internal.o
 700     [...]
 701     $ cat .git/info/exclude
 702     # ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
 703     *.[oa]
 704     $ cat Documentation/.gitignore
 705     # ignore generated html files,
 706     *.html
 707     # except foo.html which is maintained by hand
 708     !foo.html
 709     $ git status
 710     [...]
 711     # Untracked files:
 712     [...]
 713     #       Documentation/foo.html
 714     [...]</pre>
 715 </div>
 716 </div>
 717 <div class="paragraph">
 718 <p>Another example:</p>
 719 </div>
 720 <div class="listingblock">
 721 <div class="content">
 722 <pre>    $ cat .gitignore
 723     vmlinux*
 724     $ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
 725     arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
 726     $ echo '!/vmlinux*' &gt;arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore</pre>
 727 </div>
 728 </div>
 729 <div class="paragraph">
 730 <p>The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring
 731 <code>arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S</code>.</p>
 732 </div>
 733 <div class="paragraph">
 734 <p>Example to exclude everything except a specific directory <code>foo/bar</code>
 735 (note the <code>/</code>* - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude
 736 everything within <code>foo/bar</code>):</p>
 737 </div>
 738 <div class="listingblock">
 739 <div class="content">
 740 <pre>    $ cat .gitignore
 741     # exclude everything except directory foo/bar
 742     /*
 743     !/foo
 744     /foo/*
 745     !/foo/bar</pre>
 746 </div>
 747 </div>
 748 </div>
 749 </div>
 750 <div class="sect1">
 751 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
 752 <div class="sectionbody">
 753 <div class="paragraph">
 754 <p><a href="git-rm.html">git-rm(1)</a>,
 755 <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>,
 756 <a href="git-check-ignore.html">git-check-ignore(1)</a></p>
 757 </div>
 758 </div>
 759 </div>
 760 <div class="sect1">
 761 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 762 <div class="sectionbody">
 763 <div class="paragraph">
 764 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 765 </div>
 766 </div>
 767 </div>
 768 </div>
 769 <div id="footer">
 770 <div id="footer-text">
 771 Last updated 2023-07-27 15:46:24 -0700
 772 </div>
 773 </div>
 774 </body>
 775 </html>