git.html

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
   3     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
   4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
   5 <head>
   6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
   7 <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 10.2.0" />
   8 <title>git(1)</title>
   9 <style type="text/css">
  10 /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
  11
  12 /* Default font. */
  13 body {
  14   font-family: Georgia,serif;
  15 }
  16
  17 /* Title font. */
  18 h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
  19 div.title, caption.title,
  20 thead, p.table.header,
  21 #toctitle,
  22 #author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
  23 #footer {
  24   font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
  25 }
  26
  27 body {
  28   margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
  29 }
  30
  31 a {
  32   color: blue;
  33   text-decoration: underline;
  34 }
  35 a:visited {
  36   color: fuchsia;
  37 }
  38
  39 em {
  40   font-style: italic;
  41   color: navy;
  42 }
  43
  44 strong {
  45   font-weight: bold;
  46   color: #083194;
  47 }
  48
  49 h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  50   color: #527bbd;
  51   margin-top: 1.2em;
  52   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  53   line-height: 1.3;
  54 }
  55
  56 h1, h2, h3 {
  57   border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
  58 }
  59 h2 {
  60   padding-top: 0.5em;
  61 }
  62 h3 {
  63   float: left;
  64 }
  65 h3 + * {
  66   clear: left;
  67 }
  68 h5 {
  69   font-size: 1.0em;
  70 }
  71
  72 div.sectionbody {
  73   margin-left: 0;
  74 }
  75
  76 hr {
  77   border: 1px solid silver;
  78 }
  79
  80 p {
  81   margin-top: 0.5em;
  82   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  83 }
  84
  85 ul, ol, li > p {
  86   margin-top: 0;
  87 }
  88 ul > li     { color: #aaa; }
  89 ul > li > * { color: black; }
  90
  91 .monospaced, code, pre {
  92   font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
  93   font-size: inherit;
  94   color: navy;
  95   padding: 0;
  96   margin: 0;
  97 }
  98 pre {
  99   white-space: pre-wrap;
 100 }
 101
 102 #author {
 103   color: #527bbd;
 104   font-weight: bold;
 105   font-size: 1.1em;
 106 }
 107 #email {
 108 }
 109 #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
 110 }
 111
 112 #footer {
 113   font-size: small;
 114   border-top: 2px solid silver;
 115   padding-top: 0.5em;
 116   margin-top: 4.0em;
 117 }
 118 #footer-text {
 119   float: left;
 120   padding-bottom: 0.5em;
 121 }
 122 #footer-badges {
 123   float: right;
 124   padding-bottom: 0.5em;
 125 }
 126
 127 #preamble {
 128   margin-top: 1.5em;
 129   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 130 }
 131 div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
 132 div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
 133 div.admonitionblock {
 134   margin-top: 1.0em;
 135   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 136 }
 137 div.admonitionblock {
 138   margin-top: 2.0em;
 139   margin-bottom: 2.0em;
 140   margin-right: 10%;
 141   color: #606060;
 142 }
 143
 144 div.content { /* Block element content. */
 145   padding: 0;
 146 }
 147
 148 /* Block element titles. */
 149 div.title, caption.title {
 150   color: #527bbd;
 151   font-weight: bold;
 152   text-align: left;
 153   margin-top: 1.0em;
 154   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
 155 }
 156 div.title + * {
 157   margin-top: 0;
 158 }
 159
 160 td div.title:first-child {
 161   margin-top: 0.0em;
 162 }
 163 div.content div.title:first-child {
 164   margin-top: 0.0em;
 165 }
 166 div.content + div.title {
 167   margin-top: 0.0em;
 168 }
 169
 170 div.sidebarblock > div.content {
 171   background: #ffffee;
 172   border: 1px solid #dddddd;
 173   border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
 174   padding: 0.5em;
 175 }
 176
 177 div.listingblock > div.content {
 178   border: 1px solid #dddddd;
 179   border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
 180   background: #f8f8f8;
 181   padding: 0.5em;
 182 }
 183
 184 div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
 185   padding-left: 1.0em;
 186   margin-left: 1.0em;
 187   margin-right: 10%;
 188   border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
 189   color: #888;
 190 }
 191
 192 div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
 193   padding-top: 0.5em;
 194   text-align: right;
 195 }
 196
 197 div.verseblock > pre.content {
 198   font-family: inherit;
 199   font-size: inherit;
 200 }
 201 div.verseblock > div.attribution {
 202   padding-top: 0.75em;
 203   text-align: left;
 204 }
 205 /* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
 206 div.verseblock + div.attribution {
 207   text-align: left;
 208 }
 209
 210 div.admonitionblock .icon {
 211   vertical-align: top;
 212   font-size: 1.1em;
 213   font-weight: bold;
 214   text-decoration: underline;
 215   color: #527bbd;
 216   padding-right: 0.5em;
 217 }
 218 div.admonitionblock td.content {
 219   padding-left: 0.5em;
 220   border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
 221 }
 222
 223 div.exampleblock > div.content {
 224   border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
 225   padding-left: 0.5em;
 226 }
 227
 228 div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
 229 span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
 230 a.image:visited { color: white; }
 231
 232 dl {
 233   margin-top: 0.8em;
 234   margin-bottom: 0.8em;
 235 }
 236 dt {
 237   margin-top: 0.5em;
 238   margin-bottom: 0;
 239   font-style: normal;
 240   color: navy;
 241 }
 242 dd > *:first-child {
 243   margin-top: 0.1em;
 244 }
 245
 246 ul, ol {
 247     list-style-position: outside;
 248 }
 249 ol.arabic {
 250   list-style-type: decimal;
 251 }
 252 ol.loweralpha {
 253   list-style-type: lower-alpha;
 254 }
 255 ol.upperalpha {
 256   list-style-type: upper-alpha;
 257 }
 258 ol.lowerroman {
 259   list-style-type: lower-roman;
 260 }
 261 ol.upperroman {
 262   list-style-type: upper-roman;
 263 }
 264
 265 div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
 266 div.compact p, div.compact p,
 267 div.compact div, div.compact div {
 268   margin-top: 0.1em;
 269   margin-bottom: 0.1em;
 270 }
 271
 272 tfoot {
 273   font-weight: bold;
 274 }
 275 td > div.verse {
 276   white-space: pre;
 277 }
 278
 279 div.hdlist {
 280   margin-top: 0.8em;
 281   margin-bottom: 0.8em;
 282 }
 283 div.hdlist tr {
 284   padding-bottom: 15px;
 285 }
 286 dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
 287   font-weight: bold;
 288 }
 289 td.hdlist1 {
 290   vertical-align: top;
 291   font-style: normal;
 292   padding-right: 0.8em;
 293   color: navy;
 294 }
 295 td.hdlist2 {
 296   vertical-align: top;
 297 }
 298 div.hdlist.compact tr {
 299   margin: 0;
 300   padding-bottom: 0;
 301 }
 302
 303 .comment {
 304   background: yellow;
 305 }
 306
 307 .footnote, .footnoteref {
 308   font-size: 0.8em;
 309 }
 310
 311 span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
 312   vertical-align: super;
 313 }
 314
 315 #footnotes {
 316   margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
 317   padding: 7px 0 0 0;
 318 }
 319
 320 #footnotes div.footnote {
 321   margin: 0 0 5px 0;
 322 }
 323
 324 #footnotes hr {
 325   border: none;
 326   border-top: 1px solid silver;
 327   height: 1px;
 328   text-align: left;
 329   margin-left: 0;
 330   width: 20%;
 331   min-width: 100px;
 332 }
 333
 334 div.colist td {
 335   padding-right: 0.5em;
 336   padding-bottom: 0.3em;
 337   vertical-align: top;
 338 }
 339 div.colist td img {
 340   margin-top: 0.3em;
 341 }
 342
 343 @media print {
 344   #footer-badges { display: none; }
 345 }
 346
 347 #toc {
 348   margin-bottom: 2.5em;
 349 }
 350
 351 #toctitle {
 352   color: #527bbd;
 353   font-size: 1.1em;
 354   font-weight: bold;
 355   margin-top: 1.0em;
 356   margin-bottom: 0.1em;
 357 }
 358
 359 div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
 360   margin-top: 0;
 361   margin-bottom: 0;
 362 }
 363 div.toclevel2 {
 364   margin-left: 2em;
 365   font-size: 0.9em;
 366 }
 367 div.toclevel3 {
 368   margin-left: 4em;
 369   font-size: 0.9em;
 370 }
 371 div.toclevel4 {
 372   margin-left: 6em;
 373   font-size: 0.9em;
 374 }
 375
 376 span.aqua { color: aqua; }
 377 span.black { color: black; }
 378 span.blue { color: blue; }
 379 span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
 380 span.gray { color: gray; }
 381 span.green { color: green; }
 382 span.lime { color: lime; }
 383 span.maroon { color: maroon; }
 384 span.navy { color: navy; }
 385 span.olive { color: olive; }
 386 span.purple { color: purple; }
 387 span.red { color: red; }
 388 span.silver { color: silver; }
 389 span.teal { color: teal; }
 390 span.white { color: white; }
 391 span.yellow { color: yellow; }
 392
 393 span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
 394 span.black-background { background: black; }
 395 span.blue-background { background: blue; }
 396 span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
 397 span.gray-background { background: gray; }
 398 span.green-background { background: green; }
 399 span.lime-background { background: lime; }
 400 span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
 401 span.navy-background { background: navy; }
 402 span.olive-background { background: olive; }
 403 span.purple-background { background: purple; }
 404 span.red-background { background: red; }
 405 span.silver-background { background: silver; }
 406 span.teal-background { background: teal; }
 407 span.white-background { background: white; }
 408 span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
 409
 410 span.big { font-size: 2em; }
 411 span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
 412
 413 span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
 414 span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
 415 span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
 416
 417 div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
 418
 419
 420 /*
 421  * xhtml11 specific
 422  *
 423  * */
 424
 425 div.tableblock {
 426   margin-top: 1.0em;
 427   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 428 }
 429 div.tableblock > table {
 430   border: 3px solid #527bbd;
 431 }
 432 thead, p.table.header {
 433   font-weight: bold;
 434   color: #527bbd;
 435 }
 436 p.table {
 437   margin-top: 0;
 438 }
 439 /* Because the table frame attribute is overridden by CSS in most browsers. */
 440 div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
 441   border-style: none;
 442 }
 443 div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
 444   border-left-style: none;
 445   border-right-style: none;
 446 }
 447 div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
 448   border-top-style: none;
 449   border-bottom-style: none;
 450 }
 451
 452
 453 /*
 454  * html5 specific
 455  *
 456  * */
 457
 458 table.tableblock {
 459   margin-top: 1.0em;
 460   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 461 }
 462 thead, p.tableblock.header {
 463   font-weight: bold;
 464   color: #527bbd;
 465 }
 466 p.tableblock {
 467   margin-top: 0;
 468 }
 469 table.tableblock {
 470   border-width: 3px;
 471   border-spacing: 0px;
 472   border-style: solid;
 473   border-color: #527bbd;
 474   border-collapse: collapse;
 475 }
 476 th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
 477   border-width: 1px;
 478   padding: 4px;
 479   border-style: solid;
 480   border-color: #527bbd;
 481 }
 482
 483 table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
 484   border-left-style: hidden;
 485   border-right-style: hidden;
 486 }
 487 table.tableblock.frame-sides {
 488   border-top-style: hidden;
 489   border-bottom-style: hidden;
 490 }
 491 table.tableblock.frame-none {
 492   border-style: hidden;
 493 }
 494
 495 th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
 496   text-align: left;
 497 }
 498 th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
 499   text-align: center;
 500 }
 501 th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
 502   text-align: right;
 503 }
 504
 505 th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
 506   vertical-align: top;
 507 }
 508 th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
 509   vertical-align: middle;
 510 }
 511 th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
 512   vertical-align: bottom;
 513 }
 514
 515
 516 /*
 517  * manpage specific
 518  *
 519  * */
 520
 521 body.manpage h1 {
 522   padding-top: 0.5em;
 523   padding-bottom: 0.5em;
 524   border-top: 2px solid silver;
 525   border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
 526 }
 527 body.manpage h2 {
 528   border-style: none;
 529 }
 530 body.manpage div.sectionbody {
 531   margin-left: 3em;
 532 }
 533
 534 @media print {
 535   body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
 536 }
 537
 538
 539 </style>
 540 <script type="text/javascript">
 541 /*<![CDATA[*/
 542 var asciidoc = {  // Namespace.
 543
 544 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 545 // Table Of Contents generator
 546 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 547
 548 /* Author: Mihai Bazon, September 2002
 549  * http://students.infoiasi.ro/~mishoo
 550  *
 551  * Table Of Content generator
 552  * Version: 0.4
 553  *
 554  * Feel free to use this script under the terms of the GNU General Public
 555  * License, as long as you do not remove or alter this notice.
 556  */
 557
 558  /* modified by Troy D. Hanson, September 2006. License: GPL */
 559  /* modified by Stuart Rackham, 2006, 2009. License: GPL */
 560
 561 // toclevels = 1..4.
 562 toc: function (toclevels) {
 563
 564   function getText(el) {
 565     var text = "";
 566     for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
 567       if (i.nodeType == 3 /* Node.TEXT_NODE */) // IE doesn't speak constants.
 568         text += i.data;
 569       else if (i.firstChild != null)
 570         text += getText(i);
 571     }
 572     return text;
 573   }
 574
 575   function TocEntry(el, text, toclevel) {
 576     this.element = el;
 577     this.text = text;
 578     this.toclevel = toclevel;
 579   }
 580
 581   function tocEntries(el, toclevels) {
 582     var result = new Array;
 583     var re = new RegExp('[hH]([1-'+(toclevels+1)+'])');
 584     // Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
 585     // nodeIterator API would be a better technique but not supported by all
 586     // browsers).
 587     var iterate = function (el) {
 588       for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
 589         if (i.nodeType == 1 /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */) {
 590           var mo = re.exec(i.tagName);
 591           if (mo && (i.getAttribute("class") || i.getAttribute("className")) != "float") {
 592             result[result.length] = new TocEntry(i, getText(i), mo[1]-1);
 593           }
 594           iterate(i);
 595         }
 596       }
 597     }
 598     iterate(el);
 599     return result;
 600   }
 601
 602   var toc = document.getElementById("toc");
 603   if (!toc) {
 604     return;
 605   }
 606
 607   // Delete existing TOC entries in case we're reloading the TOC.
 608   var tocEntriesToRemove = [];
 609   var i;
 610   for (i = 0; i < toc.childNodes.length; i++) {
 611     var entry = toc.childNodes[i];
 612     if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div'
 613      && entry.getAttribute("class")
 614      && entry.getAttribute("class").match(/^toclevel/))
 615       tocEntriesToRemove.push(entry);
 616   }
 617   for (i = 0; i < tocEntriesToRemove.length; i++) {
 618     toc.removeChild(tocEntriesToRemove[i]);
 619   }
 620
 621   // Rebuild TOC entries.
 622   var entries = tocEntries(document.getElementById("content"), toclevels);
 623   for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
 624     var entry = entries[i];
 625     if (entry.element.id == "")
 626       entry.element.id = "_toc_" + i;
 627     var a = document.createElement("a");
 628     a.href = "#" + entry.element.id;
 629     a.appendChild(document.createTextNode(entry.text));
 630     var div = document.createElement("div");
 631     div.appendChild(a);
 632     div.className = "toclevel" + entry.toclevel;
 633     toc.appendChild(div);
 634   }
 635   if (entries.length == 0)
 636     toc.parentNode.removeChild(toc);
 637 },
 638
 639
 640 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 641 // Footnotes generator
 642 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 643
 644 /* Based on footnote generation code from:
 645  * http://www.brandspankingnew.net/archive/2005/07/format_footnote.html
 646  */
 647
 648 footnotes: function () {
 649   // Delete existing footnote entries in case we're reloading the footnodes.
 650   var i;
 651   var noteholder = document.getElementById("footnotes");
 652   if (!noteholder) {
 653     return;
 654   }
 655   var entriesToRemove = [];
 656   for (i = 0; i < noteholder.childNodes.length; i++) {
 657     var entry = noteholder.childNodes[i];
 658     if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div' && entry.getAttribute("class") == "footnote")
 659       entriesToRemove.push(entry);
 660   }
 661   for (i = 0; i < entriesToRemove.length; i++) {
 662     noteholder.removeChild(entriesToRemove[i]);
 663   }
 664
 665   // Rebuild footnote entries.
 666   var cont = document.getElementById("content");
 667   var spans = cont.getElementsByTagName("span");
 668   var refs = {};
 669   var n = 0;
 670   for (i=0; i<spans.length; i++) {
 671     if (spans[i].className == "footnote") {
 672       n++;
 673       var note = spans[i].getAttribute("data-note");
 674       if (!note) {
 675         // Use [\s\S] in place of . so multi-line matches work.
 676         // Because JavaScript has no s (dotall) regex flag.
 677         note = spans[i].innerHTML.match(/\s*\[([\s\S]*)]\s*/)[1];
 678         spans[i].innerHTML =
 679           "[<a id='_footnoteref_" + n + "' href='#_footnote_" + n +
 680           "' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
 681         spans[i].setAttribute("data-note", note);
 682       }
 683       noteholder.innerHTML +=
 684         "<div class='footnote' id='_footnote_" + n + "'>" +
 685         "<a href='#_footnoteref_" + n + "' title='Return to text'>" +
 686         n + "</a>. " + note + "</div>";
 687       var id =spans[i].getAttribute("id");
 688       if (id != null) refs["#"+id] = n;
 689     }
 690   }
 691   if (n == 0)
 692     noteholder.parentNode.removeChild(noteholder);
 693   else {
 694     // Process footnoterefs.
 695     for (i=0; i<spans.length; i++) {
 696       if (spans[i].className == "footnoteref") {
 697         var href = spans[i].getElementsByTagName("a")[0].getAttribute("href");
 698         href = href.match(/#.*/)[0];  // Because IE return full URL.
 699         n = refs[href];
 700         spans[i].innerHTML =
 701           "[<a href='#_footnote_" + n +
 702           "' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
 703       }
 704     }
 705   }
 706 },
 707
 708 install: function(toclevels) {
 709   var timerId;
 710
 711   function reinstall() {
 712     asciidoc.footnotes();
 713     if (toclevels) {
 714       asciidoc.toc(toclevels);
 715     }
 716   }
 717
 718   function reinstallAndRemoveTimer() {
 719     clearInterval(timerId);
 720     reinstall();
 721   }
 722
 723   timerId = setInterval(reinstall, 500);
 724   if (document.addEventListener)
 725     document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", reinstallAndRemoveTimer, false);
 726   else
 727     window.onload = reinstallAndRemoveTimer;
 728 }
 729
 730 }
 731 asciidoc.install();
 732 /*]]>*/
 733 </script>
 734 </head>
 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 git(1) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>git -
 743    the stupid content tracker
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="verseblock">
 752 <pre class="content"><em>git</em> [-v | --version] [-h | --help] [-C &lt;path&gt;] [-c &lt;name&gt;=&lt;value&gt;]
 753     [--exec-path[=&lt;path&gt;]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
 754     [-p|--paginate|-P|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
 755     [--git-dir=&lt;path&gt;] [--work-tree=&lt;path&gt;] [--namespace=&lt;name&gt;]
 756     [--config-env=&lt;name&gt;=&lt;envvar&gt;] &lt;command&gt; [&lt;args&gt;]</pre>
 757 <div class="attribution">
 758 </div></div>
 759 </div>
 760 </div>
 761 <div class="sect1">
 762 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 763 <div class="sectionbody">
 764 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
 765 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
 766 and full access to internals.</p></div>
 767 <div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a> to get started, then see
 768 <a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday(7)</a> for a useful minimum set of
 769 commands.  The <a href="user-manual.html">Git User&#8217;s Manual</a> has a more
 770 in-depth introduction.</p></div>
 771 <div class="paragraph"><p>After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
 772 page to learn what commands Git offers.  You can learn more about
 773 individual Git commands with "git help command".  <a href="gitcli.html">gitcli(7)</a>
 774 manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax.</p></div>
 775 <div class="paragraph"><p>A formatted and hyperlinked copy of the latest Git documentation
 776 can be viewed at <a href="https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html">https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html</a>
 777 or <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs">https://git-scm.com/docs</a>.</p></div>
 778 </div>
 779 </div>
 780 <div class="sect1">
 781 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 782 <div class="sectionbody">
 783 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 784 <dt class="hdlist1">
 785 -v
 786 </dt>
 787 <dt class="hdlist1">
 788 --version
 789 </dt>
 790 <dd>
 791 <p>
 792         Prints the Git suite version that the <em>git</em> program came from.
 793 </p>
 794 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option is internally converted to <code>git version ...</code> and accepts
 795 the same options as the <a href="git-version.html">git-version(1)</a> command. If <code>--help</code> is
 796 also given, it takes precedence over <code>--version</code>.</p></div>
 797 </dd>
 798 <dt class="hdlist1">
 799 -h
 800 </dt>
 801 <dt class="hdlist1">
 802 --help
 803 </dt>
 804 <dd>
 805 <p>
 806         Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
 807         commands. If the option <code>--all</code> or <code>-a</code> is given then all
 808         available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
 809         option will bring up the manual page for that command.
 810 </p>
 811 <div class="paragraph"><p>Other options are available to control how the manual page is
 812 displayed. See <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a> for more information,
 813 because <code>git --help ...</code> is converted internally into <code>git
 814 help ...</code>.</p></div>
 815 </dd>
 816 <dt class="hdlist1">
 817 -C &lt;path&gt;
 818 </dt>
 819 <dd>
 820 <p>
 821         Run as if git was started in <em>&lt;path&gt;</em> instead of the current working
 822         directory.  When multiple <code>-C</code> options are given, each subsequent
 823         non-absolute <code>-C &lt;path&gt;</code> is interpreted relative to the preceding <code>-C
 824         &lt;path&gt;</code>.  If <em>&lt;path&gt;</em> is present but empty, e.g. <code>-C ""</code>, then the
 825         current working directory is left unchanged.
 826 </p>
 827 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option affects options that expect path name like <code>--git-dir</code> and
 828 <code>--work-tree</code> in that their interpretations of the path names would be
 829 made relative to the working directory caused by the <code>-C</code> option. For
 830 example the following invocations are equivalent:</p></div>
 831 <div class="literalblock">
 832 <div class="content">
 833 <pre><code>git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status
 834 git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status</code></pre>
 835 </div></div>
 836 </dd>
 837 <dt class="hdlist1">
 838 -c &lt;name&gt;=&lt;value&gt;
 839 </dt>
 840 <dd>
 841 <p>
 842         Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
 843         given will override values from configuration files.
 844         The &lt;name&gt; is expected in the same format as listed by
 845         <em>git config</em> (subkeys separated by dots).
 846 </p>
 847 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that omitting the <code>=</code> in <code>git -c foo.bar ...</code> is allowed and sets
 848 <code>foo.bar</code> to the boolean true value (just like <code>[foo]bar</code> would in a
 849 config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like <code>git -c
 850 foo.bar= ...</code>) sets <code>foo.bar</code> to the empty string which <code>git config
 851 --type=bool</code> will convert to <code>false</code>.</p></div>
 852 </dd>
 853 <dt class="hdlist1">
 854 --config-env=&lt;name&gt;=&lt;envvar&gt;
 855 </dt>
 856 <dd>
 857 <p>
 858         Like <code>-c &lt;name&gt;=&lt;value&gt;</code>, give configuration variable
 859         <em>&lt;name&gt;</em> a value, where &lt;envvar&gt; is the name of an
 860         environment variable from which to retrieve the value. Unlike
 861         <code>-c</code> there is no shortcut for directly setting the value to an
 862         empty string, instead the environment variable itself must be
 863         set to the empty string.  It is an error if the <code>&lt;envvar&gt;</code> does not exist
 864         in the environment. <code>&lt;envvar&gt;</code> may not contain an equals sign
 865         to avoid ambiguity with <code>&lt;name&gt;</code> containing one.
 866 </p>
 867 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is useful for cases where you want to pass transitory
 868 configuration options to git, but are doing so on operating systems
 869 where other processes might be able to read your command line
 870 (e.g. <code>/proc/self/cmdline</code>), but not your environment
 871 (e.g. <code>/proc/self/environ</code>). That behavior is the default on
 872 Linux, but may not be on your system.</p></div>
 873 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this might add security for variables such as
 874 <code>http.extraHeader</code> where the sensitive information is part of
 875 the value, but not e.g. <code>url.&lt;base&gt;.insteadOf</code> where the
 876 sensitive information can be part of the key.</p></div>
 877 </dd>
 878 <dt class="hdlist1">
 879 --exec-path[=&lt;path&gt;]
 880 </dt>
 881 <dd>
 882 <p>
 883         Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
 884         This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
 885         environment variable. If no path is given, <em>git</em> will print
 886         the current setting and then exit.
 887 </p>
 888 </dd>
 889 <dt class="hdlist1">
 890 --html-path
 891 </dt>
 892 <dd>
 893 <p>
 894         Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git&#8217;s HTML
 895         documentation is installed and exit.
 896 </p>
 897 </dd>
 898 <dt class="hdlist1">
 899 --man-path
 900 </dt>
 901 <dd>
 902 <p>
 903         Print the manpath (see <code>man(1)</code>) for the man pages for
 904         this version of Git and exit.
 905 </p>
 906 </dd>
 907 <dt class="hdlist1">
 908 --info-path
 909 </dt>
 910 <dd>
 911 <p>
 912         Print the path where the Info files documenting this
 913         version of Git are installed and exit.
 914 </p>
 915 </dd>
 916 <dt class="hdlist1">
 917 -p
 918 </dt>
 919 <dt class="hdlist1">
 920 --paginate
 921 </dt>
 922 <dd>
 923 <p>
 924         Pipe all output into <em>less</em> (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
 925         output is a terminal.  This overrides the <code>pager.&lt;cmd&gt;</code>
 926         configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
 927         below).
 928 </p>
 929 </dd>
 930 <dt class="hdlist1">
 931 -P
 932 </dt>
 933 <dt class="hdlist1">
 934 --no-pager
 935 </dt>
 936 <dd>
 937 <p>
 938         Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
 939 </p>
 940 </dd>
 941 <dt class="hdlist1">
 942 --git-dir=&lt;path&gt;
 943 </dt>
 944 <dd>
 945 <p>
 946         Set the path to the repository (".git" directory). This can also be
 947         controlled by setting the <code>GIT_DIR</code> environment variable. It can be
 948         an absolute path or relative path to current working directory.
 949 </p>
 950 <div class="paragraph"><p>Specifying the location of the ".git" directory using this
 951 option (or <code>GIT_DIR</code> environment variable) turns off the
 952 repository discovery that tries to find a directory with
 953 ".git" subdirectory (which is how the repository and the
 954 top-level of the working tree are discovered), and tells Git
 955 that you are at the top level of the working tree.  If you
 956 are not at the top-level directory of the working tree, you
 957 should tell Git where the top-level of the working tree is,
 958 with the <code>--work-tree=&lt;path&gt;</code> option (or <code>GIT_WORK_TREE</code>
 959 environment variable)</p></div>
 960 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you just want to run git as if it was started in <code>&lt;path&gt;</code> then use
 961 <code>git -C &lt;path&gt;</code>.</p></div>
 962 </dd>
 963 <dt class="hdlist1">
 964 --work-tree=&lt;path&gt;
 965 </dt>
 966 <dd>
 967 <p>
 968         Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
 969         or a path relative to the current working directory.
 970         This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
 971         environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
 972         variable (see core.worktree in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for a
 973         more detailed discussion).
 974 </p>
 975 </dd>
 976 <dt class="hdlist1">
 977 --namespace=&lt;path&gt;
 978 </dt>
 979 <dd>
 980 <p>
 981         Set the Git namespace.  See <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a> for more
 982         details.  Equivalent to setting the <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code> environment
 983         variable.
 984 </p>
 985 </dd>
 986 <dt class="hdlist1">
 987 --bare
 988 </dt>
 989 <dd>
 990 <p>
 991         Treat the repository as a bare repository.  If GIT_DIR
 992         environment is not set, it is set to the current working
 993         directory.
 994 </p>
 995 </dd>
 996 <dt class="hdlist1">
 997 --no-replace-objects
 998 </dt>
 999 <dd>
1000 <p>
1001         Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects.
1002         This is equivalent to exporting the <code>GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS</code>
1003         environment variable with any value.
1004         See <a href="git-replace.html">git-replace(1)</a> for more information.
1005 </p>
1006 </dd>
1007 <dt class="hdlist1">
1008 --no-lazy-fetch
1009 </dt>
1010 <dd>
1011 <p>
1012         Do not fetch missing objects from the promisor remote on
1013         demand.  Useful together with <code>git cat-file -e &lt;object&gt;</code> to
1014         see if the object is locally available.
1015         This is equivalent to setting the <code>GIT_NO_LAZY_FETCH</code>
1016         environment variable to <code>1</code>.
1017 </p>
1018 </dd>
1019 <dt class="hdlist1">
1020 --literal-pathspecs
1021 </dt>
1022 <dd>
1023 <p>
1024         Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic).
1025         This is equivalent to setting the <code>GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS</code> environment
1026         variable to <code>1</code>.
1027 </p>
1028 </dd>
1029 <dt class="hdlist1">
1030 --glob-pathspecs
1031 </dt>
1032 <dd>
1033 <p>
1034         Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
1035         the <code>GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS</code> environment variable to <code>1</code>. Disabling
1036         globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
1037         magic ":(literal)"
1038 </p>
1039 </dd>
1040 <dt class="hdlist1">
1041 --noglob-pathspecs
1042 </dt>
1043 <dd>
1044 <p>
1045         Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
1046         the <code>GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS</code> environment variable to <code>1</code>. Enabling
1047         globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
1048         magic ":(glob)"
1049 </p>
1050 </dd>
1051 <dt class="hdlist1">
1052 --icase-pathspecs
1053 </dt>
1054 <dd>
1055 <p>
1056         Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
1057         the <code>GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS</code> environment variable to <code>1</code>.
1058 </p>
1059 </dd>
1060 <dt class="hdlist1">
1061 --no-optional-locks
1062 </dt>
1063 <dd>
1064 <p>
1065         Do not perform optional operations that require locks. This is
1066         equivalent to setting the <code>GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS</code> to <code>0</code>.
1067 </p>
1068 </dd>
1069 <dt class="hdlist1">
1070 --list-cmds=&lt;group&gt;[,&lt;group&gt;&#8230;]
1071 </dt>
1072 <dd>
1073 <p>
1074         List commands by group. This is an internal/experimental
1075         option and may change or be removed in the future. Supported
1076         groups are: builtins, parseopt (builtin commands that use
1077         parse-options), main (all commands in libexec directory),
1078         others (all other commands in <code>$PATH</code> that have git- prefix),
1079         list-&lt;category&gt; (see categories in command-list.txt),
1080         nohelpers (exclude helper commands), alias and config
1081         (retrieve command list from config variable completion.commands)
1082 </p>
1083 </dd>
1084 <dt class="hdlist1">
1085 --attr-source=&lt;tree-ish&gt;
1086 </dt>
1087 <dd>
1088 <p>
1089         Read gitattributes from &lt;tree-ish&gt; instead of the worktree. See
1090         <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>. This is equivalent to setting the
1091         <code>GIT_ATTR_SOURCE</code> environment variable.
1092 </p>
1093 </dd>
1094 </dl></div>
1095 </div>
1096 </div>
1097 <div class="sect1">
1098 <h2 id="_git_commands">GIT COMMANDS</h2>
1099 <div class="sectionbody">
1100 <div class="paragraph"><p>We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
1101 ("plumbing") commands.</p></div>
1102 </div>
1103 </div>
1104 <div class="sect1">
1105 <h2 id="_high_level_commands_porcelain">High-level commands (porcelain)</h2>
1106 <div class="sectionbody">
1107 <div class="paragraph"><p>We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
1108 ancillary user utilities.</p></div>
1109 <div class="sect2">
1110 <h3 id="_main_porcelain_commands">Main porcelain commands</h3>
1111 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1112 <dt class="hdlist1">
1113 <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>
1114 </dt>
1115 <dd>
1116 <p>
1117         Add file contents to the index.
1118 </p>
1119 </dd>
1120 <dt class="hdlist1">
1121 <a href="git-am.html">git-am(1)</a>
1122 </dt>
1123 <dd>
1124 <p>
1125         Apply a series of patches from a mailbox.
1126 </p>
1127 </dd>
1128 <dt class="hdlist1">
1129 <a href="git-archive.html">git-archive(1)</a>
1130 </dt>
1131 <dd>
1132 <p>
1133         Create an archive of files from a named tree.
1134 </p>
1135 </dd>
1136 <dt class="hdlist1">
1137 <a href="git-bisect.html">git-bisect(1)</a>
1138 </dt>
1139 <dd>
1140 <p>
1141         Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug.
1142 </p>
1143 </dd>
1144 <dt class="hdlist1">
1145 <a href="git-branch.html">git-branch(1)</a>
1146 </dt>
1147 <dd>
1148 <p>
1149         List, create, or delete branches.
1150 </p>
1151 </dd>
1152 <dt class="hdlist1">
1153 <a href="git-bundle.html">git-bundle(1)</a>
1154 </dt>
1155 <dd>
1156 <p>
1157         Move objects and refs by archive.
1158 </p>
1159 </dd>
1160 <dt class="hdlist1">
1161 <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>
1162 </dt>
1163 <dd>
1164 <p>
1165         Switch branches or restore working tree files.
1166 </p>
1167 </dd>
1168 <dt class="hdlist1">
1169 <a href="git-cherry-pick.html">git-cherry-pick(1)</a>
1170 </dt>
1171 <dd>
1172 <p>
1173         Apply the changes introduced by some existing commits.
1174 </p>
1175 </dd>
1176 <dt class="hdlist1">
1177 <a href="git-citool.html">git-citool(1)</a>
1178 </dt>
1179 <dd>
1180 <p>
1181         Graphical alternative to git-commit.
1182 </p>
1183 </dd>
1184 <dt class="hdlist1">
1185 <a href="git-clean.html">git-clean(1)</a>
1186 </dt>
1187 <dd>
1188 <p>
1189         Remove untracked files from the working tree.
1190 </p>
1191 </dd>
1192 <dt class="hdlist1">
1193 <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>
1194 </dt>
1195 <dd>
1196 <p>
1197         Clone a repository into a new directory.
1198 </p>
1199 </dd>
1200 <dt class="hdlist1">
1201 <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>
1202 </dt>
1203 <dd>
1204 <p>
1205         Record changes to the repository.
1206 </p>
1207 </dd>
1208 <dt class="hdlist1">
1209 <a href="git-describe.html">git-describe(1)</a>
1210 </dt>
1211 <dd>
1212 <p>
1213         Give an object a human readable name based on an available ref.
1214 </p>
1215 </dd>
1216 <dt class="hdlist1">
1217 <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>
1218 </dt>
1219 <dd>
1220 <p>
1221         Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.
1222 </p>
1223 </dd>
1224 <dt class="hdlist1">
1225 <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>
1226 </dt>
1227 <dd>
1228 <p>
1229         Download objects and refs from another repository.
1230 </p>
1231 </dd>
1232 <dt class="hdlist1">
1233 <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a>
1234 </dt>
1235 <dd>
1236 <p>
1237         Prepare patches for e-mail submission.
1238 </p>
1239 </dd>
1240 <dt class="hdlist1">
1241 <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>
1242 </dt>
1243 <dd>
1244 <p>
1245         Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository.
1246 </p>
1247 </dd>
1248 <dt class="hdlist1">
1249 <a href="git-grep.html">git-grep(1)</a>
1250 </dt>
1251 <dd>
1252 <p>
1253         Print lines matching a pattern.
1254 </p>
1255 </dd>
1256 <dt class="hdlist1">
1257 <a href="git-gui.html">git-gui(1)</a>
1258 </dt>
1259 <dd>
1260 <p>
1261         A portable graphical interface to Git.
1262 </p>
1263 </dd>
1264 <dt class="hdlist1">
1265 <a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a>
1266 </dt>
1267 <dd>
1268 <p>
1269         Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one.
1270 </p>
1271 </dd>
1272 <dt class="hdlist1">
1273 <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
1274 </dt>
1275 <dd>
1276 <p>
1277         Show commit logs.
1278 </p>
1279 </dd>
1280 <dt class="hdlist1">
1281 <a href="git-maintenance.html">git-maintenance(1)</a>
1282 </dt>
1283 <dd>
1284 <p>
1285         Run tasks to optimize Git repository data.
1286 </p>
1287 </dd>
1288 <dt class="hdlist1">
1289 <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a>
1290 </dt>
1291 <dd>
1292 <p>
1293         Join two or more development histories together.
1294 </p>
1295 </dd>
1296 <dt class="hdlist1">
1297 <a href="git-mv.html">git-mv(1)</a>
1298 </dt>
1299 <dd>
1300 <p>
1301         Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink.
1302 </p>
1303 </dd>
1304 <dt class="hdlist1">
1305 <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>
1306 </dt>
1307 <dd>
1308 <p>
1309         Add or inspect object notes.
1310 </p>
1311 </dd>
1312 <dt class="hdlist1">
1313 <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a>
1314 </dt>
1315 <dd>
1316 <p>
1317         Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch.
1318 </p>
1319 </dd>
1320 <dt class="hdlist1">
1321 <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>
1322 </dt>
1323 <dd>
1324 <p>
1325         Update remote refs along with associated objects.
1326 </p>
1327 </dd>
1328 <dt class="hdlist1">
1329 <a href="git-range-diff.html">git-range-diff(1)</a>
1330 </dt>
1331 <dd>
1332 <p>
1333         Compare two commit ranges (e.g. two versions of a branch).
1334 </p>
1335 </dd>
1336 <dt class="hdlist1">
1337 <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a>
1338 </dt>
1339 <dd>
1340 <p>
1341         Reapply commits on top of another base tip.
1342 </p>
1343 </dd>
1344 <dt class="hdlist1">
1345 <a href="git-reset.html">git-reset(1)</a>
1346 </dt>
1347 <dd>
1348 <p>
1349         Reset current HEAD to the specified state.
1350 </p>
1351 </dd>
1352 <dt class="hdlist1">
1353 <a href="git-restore.html">git-restore(1)</a>
1354 </dt>
1355 <dd>
1356 <p>
1357         Restore working tree files.
1358 </p>
1359 </dd>
1360 <dt class="hdlist1">
1361 <a href="git-revert.html">git-revert(1)</a>
1362 </dt>
1363 <dd>
1364 <p>
1365         Revert some existing commits.
1366 </p>
1367 </dd>
1368 <dt class="hdlist1">
1369 <a href="git-rm.html">git-rm(1)</a>
1370 </dt>
1371 <dd>
1372 <p>
1373         Remove files from the working tree and from the index.
1374 </p>
1375 </dd>
1376 <dt class="hdlist1">
1377 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>
1378 </dt>
1379 <dd>
1380 <p>
1381         Summarize <em>git log</em> output.
1382 </p>
1383 </dd>
1384 <dt class="hdlist1">
1385 <a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>
1386 </dt>
1387 <dd>
1388 <p>
1389         Show various types of objects.
1390 </p>
1391 </dd>
1392 <dt class="hdlist1">
1393 <a href="git-sparse-checkout.html">git-sparse-checkout(1)</a>
1394 </dt>
1395 <dd>
1396 <p>
1397         Reduce your working tree to a subset of tracked files.
1398 </p>
1399 </dd>
1400 <dt class="hdlist1">
1401 <a href="git-stash.html">git-stash(1)</a>
1402 </dt>
1403 <dd>
1404 <p>
1405         Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away.
1406 </p>
1407 </dd>
1408 <dt class="hdlist1">
1409 <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a>
1410 </dt>
1411 <dd>
1412 <p>
1413         Show the working tree status.
1414 </p>
1415 </dd>
1416 <dt class="hdlist1">
1417 <a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a>
1418 </dt>
1419 <dd>
1420 <p>
1421         Initialize, update or inspect submodules.
1422 </p>
1423 </dd>
1424 <dt class="hdlist1">
1425 <a href="git-switch.html">git-switch(1)</a>
1426 </dt>
1427 <dd>
1428 <p>
1429         Switch branches.
1430 </p>
1431 </dd>
1432 <dt class="hdlist1">
1433 <a href="git-tag.html">git-tag(1)</a>
1434 </dt>
1435 <dd>
1436 <p>
1437         Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG.
1438 </p>
1439 </dd>
1440 <dt class="hdlist1">
1441 <a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree(1)</a>
1442 </dt>
1443 <dd>
1444 <p>
1445         Manage multiple working trees.
1446 </p>
1447 </dd>
1448 <dt class="hdlist1">
1449 <a href="gitk.html">gitk(1)</a>
1450 </dt>
1451 <dd>
1452 <p>
1453         The Git repository browser.
1454 </p>
1455 </dd>
1456 <dt class="hdlist1">
1457 <a href="scalar.html">scalar(1)</a>
1458 </dt>
1459 <dd>
1460 <p>
1461         A tool for managing large Git repositories.
1462 </p>
1463 </dd>
1464 </dl></div>
1465 </div>
1466 <div class="sect2">
1467 <h3 id="_ancillary_commands">Ancillary Commands</h3>
1468 <div class="paragraph"><p>Manipulators:</p></div>
1469 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1470 <dt class="hdlist1">
1471 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>
1472 </dt>
1473 <dd>
1474 <p>
1475         Get and set repository or global options.
1476 </p>
1477 </dd>
1478 <dt class="hdlist1">
1479 <a href="git-fast-export.html">git-fast-export(1)</a>
1480 </dt>
1481 <dd>
1482 <p>
1483         Git data exporter.
1484 </p>
1485 </dd>
1486 <dt class="hdlist1">
1487 <a href="git-fast-import.html">git-fast-import(1)</a>
1488 </dt>
1489 <dd>
1490 <p>
1491         Backend for fast Git data importers.
1492 </p>
1493 </dd>
1494 <dt class="hdlist1">
1495 <a href="git-filter-branch.html">git-filter-branch(1)</a>
1496 </dt>
1497 <dd>
1498 <p>
1499         Rewrite branches.
1500 </p>
1501 </dd>
1502 <dt class="hdlist1">
1503 <a href="git-mergetool.html">git-mergetool(1)</a>
1504 </dt>
1505 <dd>
1506 <p>
1507         Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts.
1508 </p>
1509 </dd>
1510 <dt class="hdlist1">
1511 <a href="git-pack-refs.html">git-pack-refs(1)</a>
1512 </dt>
1513 <dd>
1514 <p>
1515         Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access.
1516 </p>
1517 </dd>
1518 <dt class="hdlist1">
1519 <a href="git-prune.html">git-prune(1)</a>
1520 </dt>
1521 <dd>
1522 <p>
1523         Prune all unreachable objects from the object database.
1524 </p>
1525 </dd>
1526 <dt class="hdlist1">
1527 <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a>
1528 </dt>
1529 <dd>
1530 <p>
1531         Manage reflog information.
1532 </p>
1533 </dd>
1534 <dt class="hdlist1">
1535 <a href="git-remote.html">git-remote(1)</a>
1536 </dt>
1537 <dd>
1538 <p>
1539         Manage set of tracked repositories.
1540 </p>
1541 </dd>
1542 <dt class="hdlist1">
1543 <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>
1544 </dt>
1545 <dd>
1546 <p>
1547         Pack unpacked objects in a repository.
1548 </p>
1549 </dd>
1550 <dt class="hdlist1">
1551 <a href="git-replace.html">git-replace(1)</a>
1552 </dt>
1553 <dd>
1554 <p>
1555         Create, list, delete refs to replace objects.
1556 </p>
1557 </dd>
1558 </dl></div>
1559 <div class="paragraph"><p>Interrogators:</p></div>
1560 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1561 <dt class="hdlist1">
1562 <a href="git-annotate.html">git-annotate(1)</a>
1563 </dt>
1564 <dd>
1565 <p>
1566         Annotate file lines with commit information.
1567 </p>
1568 </dd>
1569 <dt class="hdlist1">
1570 <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>
1571 </dt>
1572 <dd>
1573 <p>
1574         Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file.
1575 </p>
1576 </dd>
1577 <dt class="hdlist1">
1578 <a href="git-bugreport.html">git-bugreport(1)</a>
1579 </dt>
1580 <dd>
1581 <p>
1582         Collect information for user to file a bug report.
1583 </p>
1584 </dd>
1585 <dt class="hdlist1">
1586 <a href="git-count-objects.html">git-count-objects(1)</a>
1587 </dt>
1588 <dd>
1589 <p>
1590         Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.
1591 </p>
1592 </dd>
1593 <dt class="hdlist1">
1594 <a href="git-diagnose.html">git-diagnose(1)</a>
1595 </dt>
1596 <dd>
1597 <p>
1598         Generate a zip archive of diagnostic information.
1599 </p>
1600 </dd>
1601 <dt class="hdlist1">
1602 <a href="git-difftool.html">git-difftool(1)</a>
1603 </dt>
1604 <dd>
1605 <p>
1606         Show changes using common diff tools.
1607 </p>
1608 </dd>
1609 <dt class="hdlist1">
1610 <a href="git-fsck.html">git-fsck(1)</a>
1611 </dt>
1612 <dd>
1613 <p>
1614         Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database.
1615 </p>
1616 </dd>
1617 <dt class="hdlist1">
1618 <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a>
1619 </dt>
1620 <dd>
1621 <p>
1622         Display help information about Git.
1623 </p>
1624 </dd>
1625 <dt class="hdlist1">
1626 <a href="git-instaweb.html">git-instaweb(1)</a>
1627 </dt>
1628 <dd>
1629 <p>
1630         Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb.
1631 </p>
1632 </dd>
1633 <dt class="hdlist1">
1634 <a href="git-merge-tree.html">git-merge-tree(1)</a>
1635 </dt>
1636 <dd>
1637 <p>
1638         Perform merge without touching index or working tree.
1639 </p>
1640 </dd>
1641 <dt class="hdlist1">
1642 <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a>
1643 </dt>
1644 <dd>
1645 <p>
1646         Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges.
1647 </p>
1648 </dd>
1649 <dt class="hdlist1">
1650 <a href="git-show-branch.html">git-show-branch(1)</a>
1651 </dt>
1652 <dd>
1653 <p>
1654         Show branches and their commits.
1655 </p>
1656 </dd>
1657 <dt class="hdlist1">
1658 <a href="git-verify-commit.html">git-verify-commit(1)</a>
1659 </dt>
1660 <dd>
1661 <p>
1662         Check the GPG signature of commits.
1663 </p>
1664 </dd>
1665 <dt class="hdlist1">
1666 <a href="git-verify-tag.html">git-verify-tag(1)</a>
1667 </dt>
1668 <dd>
1669 <p>
1670         Check the GPG signature of tags.
1671 </p>
1672 </dd>
1673 <dt class="hdlist1">
1674 <a href="git-version.html">git-version(1)</a>
1675 </dt>
1676 <dd>
1677 <p>
1678         Display version information about Git.
1679 </p>
1680 </dd>
1681 <dt class="hdlist1">
1682 <a href="git-whatchanged.html">git-whatchanged(1)</a>
1683 </dt>
1684 <dd>
1685 <p>
1686         Show logs with differences each commit introduces.
1687 </p>
1688 </dd>
1689 <dt class="hdlist1">
1690 <a href="gitweb.html">gitweb(1)</a>
1691 </dt>
1692 <dd>
1693 <p>
1694         Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories).
1695 </p>
1696 </dd>
1697 </dl></div>
1698 </div>
1699 <div class="sect2">
1700 <h3 id="_interacting_with_others">Interacting with Others</h3>
1701 <div class="paragraph"><p>These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
1702 people via patch over e-mail.</p></div>
1703 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1704 <dt class="hdlist1">
1705 <a href="git-archimport.html">git-archimport(1)</a>
1706 </dt>
1707 <dd>
1708 <p>
1709         Import a GNU Arch repository into Git.
1710 </p>
1711 </dd>
1712 <dt class="hdlist1">
1713 <a href="git-cvsexportcommit.html">git-cvsexportcommit(1)</a>
1714 </dt>
1715 <dd>
1716 <p>
1717         Export a single commit to a CVS checkout.
1718 </p>
1719 </dd>
1720 <dt class="hdlist1">
1721 <a href="git-cvsimport.html">git-cvsimport(1)</a>
1722 </dt>
1723 <dd>
1724 <p>
1725         Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.
1726 </p>
1727 </dd>
1728 <dt class="hdlist1">
1729 <a href="git-cvsserver.html">git-cvsserver(1)</a>
1730 </dt>
1731 <dd>
1732 <p>
1733         A CVS server emulator for Git.
1734 </p>
1735 </dd>
1736 <dt class="hdlist1">
1737 <a href="git-imap-send.html">git-imap-send(1)</a>
1738 </dt>
1739 <dd>
1740 <p>
1741         Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder.
1742 </p>
1743 </dd>
1744 <dt class="hdlist1">
1745 <a href="git-p4.html">git-p4(1)</a>
1746 </dt>
1747 <dd>
1748 <p>
1749         Import from and submit to Perforce repositories.
1750 </p>
1751 </dd>
1752 <dt class="hdlist1">
1753 <a href="git-quiltimport.html">git-quiltimport(1)</a>
1754 </dt>
1755 <dd>
1756 <p>
1757         Applies a quilt patchset onto the current branch.
1758 </p>
1759 </dd>
1760 <dt class="hdlist1">
1761 <a href="git-request-pull.html">git-request-pull(1)</a>
1762 </dt>
1763 <dd>
1764 <p>
1765         Generates a summary of pending changes.
1766 </p>
1767 </dd>
1768 <dt class="hdlist1">
1769 <a href="git-send-email.html">git-send-email(1)</a>
1770 </dt>
1771 <dd>
1772 <p>
1773         Send a collection of patches as emails.
1774 </p>
1775 </dd>
1776 <dt class="hdlist1">
1777 <a href="git-svn.html">git-svn(1)</a>
1778 </dt>
1779 <dd>
1780 <p>
1781         Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git.
1782 </p>
1783 </dd>
1784 </dl></div>
1785 </div>
1786 <div class="sect2">
1787 <h3 id="_reset_restore_and_revert">Reset, restore and revert</h3>
1788 <div class="paragraph"><p>There are three commands with similar names: <code>git reset</code>,
1789 <code>git restore</code> and <code>git revert</code>.</p></div>
1790 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1791 <li>
1792 <p>
1793 <a href="git-revert.html">git-revert(1)</a> is about making a new commit that reverts the
1794   changes made by other commits.
1795 </p>
1796 </li>
1797 <li>
1798 <p>
1799 <a href="git-restore.html">git-restore(1)</a> is about restoring files in the working tree
1800   from either the index or another commit. This command does not
1801   update your branch. The command can also be used to restore files in
1802   the index from another commit.
1803 </p>
1804 </li>
1805 <li>
1806 <p>
1807 <a href="git-reset.html">git-reset(1)</a> is about updating your branch, moving the tip
1808   in order to add or remove commits from the branch. This operation
1809   changes the commit history.
1810 </p>
1811 <div class="paragraph"><p><code>git reset</code> can also be used to restore the index, overlapping with
1812 <code>git restore</code>.</p></div>
1813 </li>
1814 </ul></div>
1815 </div>
1816 </div>
1817 </div>
1818 <div class="sect1">
1819 <h2 id="_low_level_commands_plumbing">Low-level commands (plumbing)</h2>
1820 <div class="sectionbody">
1821 <div class="paragraph"><p>Although Git includes its
1822 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
1823 development of alternative porcelains.  Developers of such porcelains
1824 might start by reading about <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a> and
1825 <a href="git-read-tree.html">git-read-tree(1)</a>.</p></div>
1826 <div class="paragraph"><p>The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
1827 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
1828 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
1829 primarily for scripted use.  The interface to Porcelain commands
1830 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
1831 end user experience.</p></div>
1832 <div class="paragraph"><p>The following description divides
1833 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
1834 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
1835 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
1836 repositories.</p></div>
1837 <div class="sect2">
1838 <h3 id="_manipulation_commands">Manipulation commands</h3>
1839 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1840 <dt class="hdlist1">
1841 <a href="git-apply.html">git-apply(1)</a>
1842 </dt>
1843 <dd>
1844 <p>
1845         Apply a patch to files and/or to the index.
1846 </p>
1847 </dd>
1848 <dt class="hdlist1">
1849 <a href="git-checkout-index.html">git-checkout-index(1)</a>
1850 </dt>
1851 <dd>
1852 <p>
1853         Copy files from the index to the working tree.
1854 </p>
1855 </dd>
1856 <dt class="hdlist1">
1857 <a href="git-commit-graph.html">git-commit-graph(1)</a>
1858 </dt>
1859 <dd>
1860 <p>
1861         Write and verify Git commit-graph files.
1862 </p>
1863 </dd>
1864 <dt class="hdlist1">
1865 <a href="git-commit-tree.html">git-commit-tree(1)</a>
1866 </dt>
1867 <dd>
1868 <p>
1869         Create a new commit object.
1870 </p>
1871 </dd>
1872 <dt class="hdlist1">
1873 <a href="git-hash-object.html">git-hash-object(1)</a>
1874 </dt>
1875 <dd>
1876 <p>
1877         Compute object ID and optionally create an object from a file.
1878 </p>
1879 </dd>
1880 <dt class="hdlist1">
1881 <a href="git-index-pack.html">git-index-pack(1)</a>
1882 </dt>
1883 <dd>
1884 <p>
1885         Build pack index file for an existing packed archive.
1886 </p>
1887 </dd>
1888 <dt class="hdlist1">
1889 <a href="git-merge-file.html">git-merge-file(1)</a>
1890 </dt>
1891 <dd>
1892 <p>
1893         Run a three-way file merge.
1894 </p>
1895 </dd>
1896 <dt class="hdlist1">
1897 <a href="git-merge-index.html">git-merge-index(1)</a>
1898 </dt>
1899 <dd>
1900 <p>
1901         Run a merge for files needing merging.
1902 </p>
1903 </dd>
1904 <dt class="hdlist1">
1905 <a href="git-mktag.html">git-mktag(1)</a>
1906 </dt>
1907 <dd>
1908 <p>
1909         Creates a tag object with extra validation.
1910 </p>
1911 </dd>
1912 <dt class="hdlist1">
1913 <a href="git-mktree.html">git-mktree(1)</a>
1914 </dt>
1915 <dd>
1916 <p>
1917         Build a tree-object from ls-tree formatted text.
1918 </p>
1919 </dd>
1920 <dt class="hdlist1">
1921 <a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>
1922 </dt>
1923 <dd>
1924 <p>
1925         Write and verify multi-pack-indexes.
1926 </p>
1927 </dd>
1928 <dt class="hdlist1">
1929 <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>
1930 </dt>
1931 <dd>
1932 <p>
1933         Create a packed archive of objects.
1934 </p>
1935 </dd>
1936 <dt class="hdlist1">
1937 <a href="git-prune-packed.html">git-prune-packed(1)</a>
1938 </dt>
1939 <dd>
1940 <p>
1941         Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.
1942 </p>
1943 </dd>
1944 <dt class="hdlist1">
1945 <a href="git-read-tree.html">git-read-tree(1)</a>
1946 </dt>
1947 <dd>
1948 <p>
1949         Reads tree information into the index.
1950 </p>
1951 </dd>
1952 <dt class="hdlist1">
1953 <a href="git-replay.html">git-replay(1)</a>
1954 </dt>
1955 <dd>
1956 <p>
1957         EXPERIMENTAL: Replay commits on a new base, works with bare repos too.
1958 </p>
1959 </dd>
1960 <dt class="hdlist1">
1961 <a href="git-symbolic-ref.html">git-symbolic-ref(1)</a>
1962 </dt>
1963 <dd>
1964 <p>
1965         Read, modify and delete symbolic refs.
1966 </p>
1967 </dd>
1968 <dt class="hdlist1">
1969 <a href="git-unpack-objects.html">git-unpack-objects(1)</a>
1970 </dt>
1971 <dd>
1972 <p>
1973         Unpack objects from a packed archive.
1974 </p>
1975 </dd>
1976 <dt class="hdlist1">
1977 <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a>
1978 </dt>
1979 <dd>
1980 <p>
1981         Register file contents in the working tree to the index.
1982 </p>
1983 </dd>
1984 <dt class="hdlist1">
1985 <a href="git-update-ref.html">git-update-ref(1)</a>
1986 </dt>
1987 <dd>
1988 <p>
1989         Update the object name stored in a ref safely.
1990 </p>
1991 </dd>
1992 <dt class="hdlist1">
1993 <a href="git-write-tree.html">git-write-tree(1)</a>
1994 </dt>
1995 <dd>
1996 <p>
1997         Create a tree object from the current index.
1998 </p>
1999 </dd>
2000 </dl></div>
2001 </div>
2002 <div class="sect2">
2003 <h3 id="_interrogation_commands">Interrogation commands</h3>
2004 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2005 <dt class="hdlist1">
2006 <a href="git-cat-file.html">git-cat-file(1)</a>
2007 </dt>
2008 <dd>
2009 <p>
2010         Provide contents or details of repository objects.
2011 </p>
2012 </dd>
2013 <dt class="hdlist1">
2014 <a href="git-cherry.html">git-cherry(1)</a>
2015 </dt>
2016 <dd>
2017 <p>
2018         Find commits yet to be applied to upstream.
2019 </p>
2020 </dd>
2021 <dt class="hdlist1">
2022 <a href="git-diff-files.html">git-diff-files(1)</a>
2023 </dt>
2024 <dd>
2025 <p>
2026         Compares files in the working tree and the index.
2027 </p>
2028 </dd>
2029 <dt class="hdlist1">
2030 <a href="git-diff-index.html">git-diff-index(1)</a>
2031 </dt>
2032 <dd>
2033 <p>
2034         Compare a tree to the working tree or index.
2035 </p>
2036 </dd>
2037 <dt class="hdlist1">
2038 <a href="git-diff-tree.html">git-diff-tree(1)</a>
2039 </dt>
2040 <dd>
2041 <p>
2042         Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects.
2043 </p>
2044 </dd>
2045 <dt class="hdlist1">
2046 <a href="git-for-each-ref.html">git-for-each-ref(1)</a>
2047 </dt>
2048 <dd>
2049 <p>
2050         Output information on each ref.
2051 </p>
2052 </dd>
2053 <dt class="hdlist1">
2054 <a href="git-for-each-repo.html">git-for-each-repo(1)</a>
2055 </dt>
2056 <dd>
2057 <p>
2058         Run a Git command on a list of repositories.
2059 </p>
2060 </dd>
2061 <dt class="hdlist1">
2062 <a href="git-get-tar-commit-id.html">git-get-tar-commit-id(1)</a>
2063 </dt>
2064 <dd>
2065 <p>
2066         Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-archive.
2067 </p>
2068 </dd>
2069 <dt class="hdlist1">
2070 <a href="git-ls-files.html">git-ls-files(1)</a>
2071 </dt>
2072 <dd>
2073 <p>
2074         Show information about files in the index and the working tree.
2075 </p>
2076 </dd>
2077 <dt class="hdlist1">
2078 <a href="git-ls-remote.html">git-ls-remote(1)</a>
2079 </dt>
2080 <dd>
2081 <p>
2082         List references in a remote repository.
2083 </p>
2084 </dd>
2085 <dt class="hdlist1">
2086 <a href="git-ls-tree.html">git-ls-tree(1)</a>
2087 </dt>
2088 <dd>
2089 <p>
2090         List the contents of a tree object.
2091 </p>
2092 </dd>
2093 <dt class="hdlist1">
2094 <a href="git-merge-base.html">git-merge-base(1)</a>
2095 </dt>
2096 <dd>
2097 <p>
2098         Find as good common ancestors as possible for a merge.
2099 </p>
2100 </dd>
2101 <dt class="hdlist1">
2102 <a href="git-name-rev.html">git-name-rev(1)</a>
2103 </dt>
2104 <dd>
2105 <p>
2106         Find symbolic names for given revs.
2107 </p>
2108 </dd>
2109 <dt class="hdlist1">
2110 <a href="git-pack-redundant.html">git-pack-redundant(1)</a>
2111 </dt>
2112 <dd>
2113 <p>
2114         Find redundant pack files.
2115 </p>
2116 </dd>
2117 <dt class="hdlist1">
2118 <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>
2119 </dt>
2120 <dd>
2121 <p>
2122         Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order.
2123 </p>
2124 </dd>
2125 <dt class="hdlist1">
2126 <a href="git-rev-parse.html">git-rev-parse(1)</a>
2127 </dt>
2128 <dd>
2129 <p>
2130         Pick out and massage parameters.
2131 </p>
2132 </dd>
2133 <dt class="hdlist1">
2134 <a href="git-show-index.html">git-show-index(1)</a>
2135 </dt>
2136 <dd>
2137 <p>
2138         Show packed archive index.
2139 </p>
2140 </dd>
2141 <dt class="hdlist1">
2142 <a href="git-show-ref.html">git-show-ref(1)</a>
2143 </dt>
2144 <dd>
2145 <p>
2146         List references in a local repository.
2147 </p>
2148 </dd>
2149 <dt class="hdlist1">
2150 <a href="git-unpack-file.html">git-unpack-file(1)</a>
2151 </dt>
2152 <dd>
2153 <p>
2154         Creates a temporary file with a blob&#8217;s contents.
2155 </p>
2156 </dd>
2157 <dt class="hdlist1">
2158 <a href="git-var.html">git-var(1)</a>
2159 </dt>
2160 <dd>
2161 <p>
2162         Show a Git logical variable.
2163 </p>
2164 </dd>
2165 <dt class="hdlist1">
2166 <a href="git-verify-pack.html">git-verify-pack(1)</a>
2167 </dt>
2168 <dd>
2169 <p>
2170         Validate packed Git archive files.
2171 </p>
2172 </dd>
2173 </dl></div>
2174 <div class="paragraph"><p>In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
2175 the working tree.</p></div>
2176 </div>
2177 <div class="sect2">
2178 <h3 id="_syncing_repositories">Syncing repositories</h3>
2179 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2180 <dt class="hdlist1">
2181 <a href="git-daemon.html">git-daemon(1)</a>
2182 </dt>
2183 <dd>
2184 <p>
2185         A really simple server for Git repositories.
2186 </p>
2187 </dd>
2188 <dt class="hdlist1">
2189 <a href="git-fetch-pack.html">git-fetch-pack(1)</a>
2190 </dt>
2191 <dd>
2192 <p>
2193         Receive missing objects from another repository.
2194 </p>
2195 </dd>
2196 <dt class="hdlist1">
2197 <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a>
2198 </dt>
2199 <dd>
2200 <p>
2201         Server side implementation of Git over HTTP.
2202 </p>
2203 </dd>
2204 <dt class="hdlist1">
2205 <a href="git-send-pack.html">git-send-pack(1)</a>
2206 </dt>
2207 <dd>
2208 <p>
2209         Push objects over Git protocol to another repository.
2210 </p>
2211 </dd>
2212 <dt class="hdlist1">
2213 <a href="git-update-server-info.html">git-update-server-info(1)</a>
2214 </dt>
2215 <dd>
2216 <p>
2217         Update auxiliary info file to help dumb servers.
2218 </p>
2219 </dd>
2220 </dl></div>
2221 <div class="paragraph"><p>The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
2222 typically do not use them directly.</p></div>
2223 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2224 <dt class="hdlist1">
2225 <a href="git-http-fetch.html">git-http-fetch(1)</a>
2226 </dt>
2227 <dd>
2228 <p>
2229         Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP.
2230 </p>
2231 </dd>
2232 <dt class="hdlist1">
2233 <a href="git-http-push.html">git-http-push(1)</a>
2234 </dt>
2235 <dd>
2236 <p>
2237         Push objects over HTTP/DAV to another repository.
2238 </p>
2239 </dd>
2240 <dt class="hdlist1">
2241 <a href="git-receive-pack.html">git-receive-pack(1)</a>
2242 </dt>
2243 <dd>
2244 <p>
2245         Receive what is pushed into the repository.
2246 </p>
2247 </dd>
2248 <dt class="hdlist1">
2249 <a href="git-shell.html">git-shell(1)</a>
2250 </dt>
2251 <dd>
2252 <p>
2253         Restricted login shell for Git-only SSH access.
2254 </p>
2255 </dd>
2256 <dt class="hdlist1">
2257 <a href="git-upload-archive.html">git-upload-archive(1)</a>
2258 </dt>
2259 <dd>
2260 <p>
2261         Send archive back to git-archive.
2262 </p>
2263 </dd>
2264 <dt class="hdlist1">
2265 <a href="git-upload-pack.html">git-upload-pack(1)</a>
2266 </dt>
2267 <dd>
2268 <p>
2269         Send objects packed back to git-fetch-pack.
2270 </p>
2271 </dd>
2272 </dl></div>
2273 </div>
2274 <div class="sect2">
2275 <h3 id="_internal_helper_commands">Internal helper commands</h3>
2276 <div class="paragraph"><p>These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
2277 users typically do not use them directly.</p></div>
2278 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2279 <dt class="hdlist1">
2280 <a href="git-check-attr.html">git-check-attr(1)</a>
2281 </dt>
2282 <dd>
2283 <p>
2284         Display gitattributes information.
2285 </p>
2286 </dd>
2287 <dt class="hdlist1">
2288 <a href="git-check-ignore.html">git-check-ignore(1)</a>
2289 </dt>
2290 <dd>
2291 <p>
2292         Debug gitignore / exclude files.
2293 </p>
2294 </dd>
2295 <dt class="hdlist1">
2296 <a href="git-check-mailmap.html">git-check-mailmap(1)</a>
2297 </dt>
2298 <dd>
2299 <p>
2300         Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts.
2301 </p>
2302 </dd>
2303 <dt class="hdlist1">
2304 <a href="git-check-ref-format.html">git-check-ref-format(1)</a>
2305 </dt>
2306 <dd>
2307 <p>
2308         Ensures that a reference name is well formed.
2309 </p>
2310 </dd>
2311 <dt class="hdlist1">
2312 <a href="git-column.html">git-column(1)</a>
2313 </dt>
2314 <dd>
2315 <p>
2316         Display data in columns.
2317 </p>
2318 </dd>
2319 <dt class="hdlist1">
2320 <a href="git-credential.html">git-credential(1)</a>
2321 </dt>
2322 <dd>
2323 <p>
2324         Retrieve and store user credentials.
2325 </p>
2326 </dd>
2327 <dt class="hdlist1">
2328 <a href="git-credential-cache.html">git-credential-cache(1)</a>
2329 </dt>
2330 <dd>
2331 <p>
2332         Helper to temporarily store passwords in memory.
2333 </p>
2334 </dd>
2335 <dt class="hdlist1">
2336 <a href="git-credential-store.html">git-credential-store(1)</a>
2337 </dt>
2338 <dd>
2339 <p>
2340         Helper to store credentials on disk.
2341 </p>
2342 </dd>
2343 <dt class="hdlist1">
2344 <a href="git-fmt-merge-msg.html">git-fmt-merge-msg(1)</a>
2345 </dt>
2346 <dd>
2347 <p>
2348         Produce a merge commit message.
2349 </p>
2350 </dd>
2351 <dt class="hdlist1">
2352 <a href="git-hook.html">git-hook(1)</a>
2353 </dt>
2354 <dd>
2355 <p>
2356         Run git hooks.
2357 </p>
2358 </dd>
2359 <dt class="hdlist1">
2360 <a href="git-interpret-trailers.html">git-interpret-trailers(1)</a>
2361 </dt>
2362 <dd>
2363 <p>
2364         Add or parse structured information in commit messages.
2365 </p>
2366 </dd>
2367 <dt class="hdlist1">
2368 <a href="git-mailinfo.html">git-mailinfo(1)</a>
2369 </dt>
2370 <dd>
2371 <p>
2372         Extracts patch and authorship from a single e-mail message.
2373 </p>
2374 </dd>
2375 <dt class="hdlist1">
2376 <a href="git-mailsplit.html">git-mailsplit(1)</a>
2377 </dt>
2378 <dd>
2379 <p>
2380         Simple UNIX mbox splitter program.
2381 </p>
2382 </dd>
2383 <dt class="hdlist1">
2384 <a href="git-merge-one-file.html">git-merge-one-file(1)</a>
2385 </dt>
2386 <dd>
2387 <p>
2388         The standard helper program to use with git-merge-index.
2389 </p>
2390 </dd>
2391 <dt class="hdlist1">
2392 <a href="git-patch-id.html">git-patch-id(1)</a>
2393 </dt>
2394 <dd>
2395 <p>
2396         Compute unique ID for a patch.
2397 </p>
2398 </dd>
2399 <dt class="hdlist1">
2400 <a href="git-sh-i18n.html">git-sh-i18n(1)</a>
2401 </dt>
2402 <dd>
2403 <p>
2404         Git&#8217;s i18n setup code for shell scripts.
2405 </p>
2406 </dd>
2407 <dt class="hdlist1">
2408 <a href="git-sh-setup.html">git-sh-setup(1)</a>
2409 </dt>
2410 <dd>
2411 <p>
2412         Common Git shell script setup code.
2413 </p>
2414 </dd>
2415 <dt class="hdlist1">
2416 <a href="git-stripspace.html">git-stripspace(1)</a>
2417 </dt>
2418 <dd>
2419 <p>
2420         Remove unnecessary whitespace.
2421 </p>
2422 </dd>
2423 </dl></div>
2424 </div>
2425 </div>
2426 </div>
2427 <div class="sect1">
2428 <h2 id="_guides">Guides</h2>
2429 <div class="sectionbody">
2430 <div class="paragraph"><p>The following documentation pages are guides about Git concepts.</p></div>
2431 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2432 <dt class="hdlist1">
2433 <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>
2434 </dt>
2435 <dd>
2436 <p>
2437         A Git core tutorial for developers.
2438 </p>
2439 </dd>
2440 <dt class="hdlist1">
2441 <a href="gitcredentials.html">gitcredentials(7)</a>
2442 </dt>
2443 <dd>
2444 <p>
2445         Providing usernames and passwords to Git.
2446 </p>
2447 </dd>
2448 <dt class="hdlist1">
2449 <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a>
2450 </dt>
2451 <dd>
2452 <p>
2453         Git for CVS users.
2454 </p>
2455 </dd>
2456 <dt class="hdlist1">
2457 <a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a>
2458 </dt>
2459 <dd>
2460 <p>
2461         Tweaking diff output.
2462 </p>
2463 </dd>
2464 <dt class="hdlist1">
2465 <a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday(7)</a>
2466 </dt>
2467 <dd>
2468 <p>
2469         A useful minimum set of commands for Everyday Git.
2470 </p>
2471 </dd>
2472 <dt class="hdlist1">
2473 <a href="gitfaq.html">gitfaq(7)</a>
2474 </dt>
2475 <dd>
2476 <p>
2477         Frequently asked questions about using Git.
2478 </p>
2479 </dd>
2480 <dt class="hdlist1">
2481 <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>
2482 </dt>
2483 <dd>
2484 <p>
2485         A Git Glossary.
2486 </p>
2487 </dd>
2488 <dt class="hdlist1">
2489 <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a>
2490 </dt>
2491 <dd>
2492 <p>
2493         Git namespaces.
2494 </p>
2495 </dd>
2496 <dt class="hdlist1">
2497 <a href="gitremote-helpers.html">gitremote-helpers(7)</a>
2498 </dt>
2499 <dd>
2500 <p>
2501         Helper programs to interact with remote repositories.
2502 </p>
2503 </dd>
2504 <dt class="hdlist1">
2505 <a href="gitsubmodules.html">gitsubmodules(7)</a>
2506 </dt>
2507 <dd>
2508 <p>
2509         Mounting one repository inside another.
2510 </p>
2511 </dd>
2512 <dt class="hdlist1">
2513 <a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>
2514 </dt>
2515 <dd>
2516 <p>
2517         A tutorial introduction to Git.
2518 </p>
2519 </dd>
2520 <dt class="hdlist1">
2521 <a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>
2522 </dt>
2523 <dd>
2524 <p>
2525         A tutorial introduction to Git: part two.
2526 </p>
2527 </dd>
2528 <dt class="hdlist1">
2529 <a href="gitworkflows.html">gitworkflows(7)</a>
2530 </dt>
2531 <dd>
2532 <p>
2533         An overview of recommended workflows with Git.
2534 </p>
2535 </dd>
2536 </dl></div>
2537 </div>
2538 </div>
2539 <div class="sect1">
2540 <h2 id="_repository_command_and_file_interfaces">Repository, command and file interfaces</h2>
2541 <div class="sectionbody">
2542 <div class="paragraph"><p>This documentation discusses repository and command interfaces which
2543 users are expected to interact with directly. See <code>--user-formats</code> in
2544 <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a> for more details on the criteria.</p></div>
2545 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2546 <dt class="hdlist1">
2547 <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>
2548 </dt>
2549 <dd>
2550 <p>
2551         Defining attributes per path.
2552 </p>
2553 </dd>
2554 <dt class="hdlist1">
2555 <a href="gitcli.html">gitcli(7)</a>
2556 </dt>
2557 <dd>
2558 <p>
2559         Git command-line interface and conventions.
2560 </p>
2561 </dd>
2562 <dt class="hdlist1">
2563 <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a>
2564 </dt>
2565 <dd>
2566 <p>
2567         Hooks used by Git.
2568 </p>
2569 </dd>
2570 <dt class="hdlist1">
2571 <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>
2572 </dt>
2573 <dd>
2574 <p>
2575         Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore.
2576 </p>
2577 </dd>
2578 <dt class="hdlist1">
2579 <a href="gitmailmap.html">gitmailmap(5)</a>
2580 </dt>
2581 <dd>
2582 <p>
2583         Map author/committer names and/or E-Mail addresses.
2584 </p>
2585 </dd>
2586 <dt class="hdlist1">
2587 <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>
2588 </dt>
2589 <dd>
2590 <p>
2591         Defining submodule properties.
2592 </p>
2593 </dd>
2594 <dt class="hdlist1">
2595 <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>
2596 </dt>
2597 <dd>
2598 <p>
2599         Git Repository Layout.
2600 </p>
2601 </dd>
2602 <dt class="hdlist1">
2603 <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>
2604 </dt>
2605 <dd>
2606 <p>
2607         Specifying revisions and ranges for Git.
2608 </p>
2609 </dd>
2610 </dl></div>
2611 </div>
2612 </div>
2613 <div class="sect1">
2614 <h2 id="_file_formats_protocols_and_other_developer_interfaces">File formats, protocols and other developer interfaces</h2>
2615 <div class="sectionbody">
2616 <div class="paragraph"><p>This documentation discusses file formats, over-the-wire protocols and
2617 other git developer interfaces. See <code>--developer-interfaces</code> in
2618 <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a>.</p></div>
2619 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2620 <dt class="hdlist1">
2621 <a href="gitformat-bundle.html">gitformat-bundle(5)</a>
2622 </dt>
2623 <dd>
2624 <p>
2625         The bundle file format.
2626 </p>
2627 </dd>
2628 <dt class="hdlist1">
2629 <a href="gitformat-chunk.html">gitformat-chunk(5)</a>
2630 </dt>
2631 <dd>
2632 <p>
2633         Chunk-based file formats.
2634 </p>
2635 </dd>
2636 <dt class="hdlist1">
2637 <a href="gitformat-commit-graph.html">gitformat-commit-graph(5)</a>
2638 </dt>
2639 <dd>
2640 <p>
2641         Git commit-graph format.
2642 </p>
2643 </dd>
2644 <dt class="hdlist1">
2645 <a href="gitformat-index.html">gitformat-index(5)</a>
2646 </dt>
2647 <dd>
2648 <p>
2649         Git index format.
2650 </p>
2651 </dd>
2652 <dt class="hdlist1">
2653 <a href="gitformat-pack.html">gitformat-pack(5)</a>
2654 </dt>
2655 <dd>
2656 <p>
2657         Git pack format.
2658 </p>
2659 </dd>
2660 <dt class="hdlist1">
2661 <a href="gitformat-signature.html">gitformat-signature(5)</a>
2662 </dt>
2663 <dd>
2664 <p>
2665         Git cryptographic signature formats.
2666 </p>
2667 </dd>
2668 <dt class="hdlist1">
2669 <a href="gitprotocol-capabilities.html">gitprotocol-capabilities(5)</a>
2670 </dt>
2671 <dd>
2672 <p>
2673         Protocol v0 and v1 capabilities.
2674 </p>
2675 </dd>
2676 <dt class="hdlist1">
2677 <a href="gitprotocol-common.html">gitprotocol-common(5)</a>
2678 </dt>
2679 <dd>
2680 <p>
2681         Things common to various protocols.
2682 </p>
2683 </dd>
2684 <dt class="hdlist1">
2685 <a href="gitprotocol-http.html">gitprotocol-http(5)</a>
2686 </dt>
2687 <dd>
2688 <p>
2689         Git HTTP-based protocols.
2690 </p>
2691 </dd>
2692 <dt class="hdlist1">
2693 <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>
2694 </dt>
2695 <dd>
2696 <p>
2697         How packs are transferred over-the-wire.
2698 </p>
2699 </dd>
2700 <dt class="hdlist1">
2701 <a href="gitprotocol-v2.html">gitprotocol-v2(5)</a>
2702 </dt>
2703 <dd>
2704 <p>
2705         Git Wire Protocol, Version 2.
2706 </p>
2707 </dd>
2708 </dl></div>
2709 </div>
2710 </div>
2711 <div class="sect1">
2712 <h2 id="_configuration_mechanism">Configuration Mechanism</h2>
2713 <div class="sectionbody">
2714 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
2715 repository and are per user.  Such a configuration file may look
2716 like this:</p></div>
2717 <div class="listingblock">
2718 <div class="content">
2719 <pre><code>#
2720 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
2721 #
2722
2723 ; core variables
2724 [core]
2725         ; Don't trust file modes
2726         filemode = false
2727
2728 ; user identity
2729 [user]
2730         name = "Junio C Hamano"
2731         email = "gitster@pobox.com"</code></pre>
2732 </div></div>
2733 <div class="paragraph"><p>Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
2734 their operation accordingly.  See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for a
2735 list and more details about the configuration mechanism.</p></div>
2736 </div>
2737 </div>
2738 <div class="sect1">
2739 <h2 id="_identifier_terminology">Identifier Terminology</h2>
2740 <div class="sectionbody">
2741 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2742 <dt class="hdlist1">
2743 &lt;object&gt;
2744 </dt>
2745 <dd>
2746 <p>
2747         Indicates the object name for any type of object.
2748 </p>
2749 </dd>
2750 <dt class="hdlist1">
2751 &lt;blob&gt;
2752 </dt>
2753 <dd>
2754 <p>
2755         Indicates a blob object name.
2756 </p>
2757 </dd>
2758 <dt class="hdlist1">
2759 &lt;tree&gt;
2760 </dt>
2761 <dd>
2762 <p>
2763         Indicates a tree object name.
2764 </p>
2765 </dd>
2766 <dt class="hdlist1">
2767 &lt;commit&gt;
2768 </dt>
2769 <dd>
2770 <p>
2771         Indicates a commit object name.
2772 </p>
2773 </dd>
2774 <dt class="hdlist1">
2775 &lt;tree-ish&gt;
2776 </dt>
2777 <dd>
2778 <p>
2779         Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name.  A
2780         command that takes a &lt;tree-ish&gt; argument ultimately wants to
2781         operate on a &lt;tree&gt; object but automatically dereferences
2782         &lt;commit&gt; and &lt;tag&gt; objects that point at a &lt;tree&gt;.
2783 </p>
2784 </dd>
2785 <dt class="hdlist1">
2786 &lt;commit-ish&gt;
2787 </dt>
2788 <dd>
2789 <p>
2790         Indicates a commit or tag object name.  A
2791         command that takes a &lt;commit-ish&gt; argument ultimately wants to
2792         operate on a &lt;commit&gt; object but automatically dereferences
2793         &lt;tag&gt; objects that point at a &lt;commit&gt;.
2794 </p>
2795 </dd>
2796 <dt class="hdlist1">
2797 &lt;type&gt;
2798 </dt>
2799 <dd>
2800 <p>
2801         Indicates that an object type is required.
2802         Currently one of: <code>blob</code>, <code>tree</code>, <code>commit</code>, or <code>tag</code>.
2803 </p>
2804 </dd>
2805 <dt class="hdlist1">
2806 &lt;file&gt;
2807 </dt>
2808 <dd>
2809 <p>
2810         Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
2811         root of the tree structure <code>GIT_INDEX_FILE</code> describes.
2812 </p>
2813 </dd>
2814 </dl></div>
2815 </div>
2816 </div>
2817 <div class="sect1">
2818 <h2 id="_symbolic_identifiers">Symbolic Identifiers</h2>
2819 <div class="sectionbody">
2820 <div class="paragraph"><p>Any Git command accepting any &lt;object&gt; can also use the following
2821 symbolic notation:</p></div>
2822 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2823 <dt class="hdlist1">
2824 HEAD
2825 </dt>
2826 <dd>
2827 <p>
2828         indicates the head of the current branch.
2829 </p>
2830 </dd>
2831 <dt class="hdlist1">
2832 &lt;tag&gt;
2833 </dt>
2834 <dd>
2835 <p>
2836         a valid tag <em>name</em>
2837         (i.e. a <code>refs/tags/&lt;tag&gt;</code> reference).
2838 </p>
2839 </dd>
2840 <dt class="hdlist1">
2841 &lt;head&gt;
2842 </dt>
2843 <dd>
2844 <p>
2845         a valid head <em>name</em>
2846         (i.e. a <code>refs/heads/&lt;head&gt;</code> reference).
2847 </p>
2848 </dd>
2849 </dl></div>
2850 <div class="paragraph"><p>For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
2851 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>.</p></div>
2852 </div>
2853 </div>
2854 <div class="sect1">
2855 <h2 id="_file_directory_structure">File/Directory Structure</h2>
2856 <div class="sectionbody">
2857 <div class="paragraph"><p>Please see the <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a> document.</p></div>
2858 <div class="paragraph"><p>Read <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more details about each hook.</p></div>
2859 <div class="paragraph"><p>Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
2860 <code>$GIT_DIR</code>.</p></div>
2861 </div>
2862 </div>
2863 <div class="sect1">
2864 <h2 id="_terminology">Terminology</h2>
2865 <div class="sectionbody">
2866 <div class="paragraph"><p>Please see <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>.</p></div>
2867 </div>
2868 </div>
2869 <div class="sect1">
2870 <h2 id="_environment_variables">Environment Variables</h2>
2871 <div class="sectionbody">
2872 <div class="paragraph"><p>Various Git commands pay attention to environment variables and change
2873 their behavior.  The environment variables marked as "Boolean" take
2874 their values the same way as Boolean valued configuration variables, e.g.
2875 "true", "yes", "on" and positive numbers are taken as "yes".</p></div>
2876 <div class="paragraph"><p>Here are the variables:</p></div>
2877 <div class="sect2">
2878 <h3 id="_the_git_repository">The Git Repository</h3>
2879 <div class="paragraph"><p>These environment variables apply to <em>all</em> core Git commands. Nb: it
2880 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
2881 Git so take care if using a foreign front-end.</p></div>
2882 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2883 <dt class="hdlist1">
2884 <code>GIT_INDEX_FILE</code>
2885 </dt>
2886 <dd>
2887 <p>
2888         This environment variable specifies an alternate
2889         index file. If not specified, the default of <code>$GIT_DIR/index</code>
2890         is used.
2891 </p>
2892 </dd>
2893 <dt class="hdlist1">
2894 <code>GIT_INDEX_VERSION</code>
2895 </dt>
2896 <dd>
2897 <p>
2898         This environment variable specifies what index version is used
2899         when writing the index file out.  It won&#8217;t affect existing index
2900         files.  By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See
2901         <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a> for more information.
2902 </p>
2903 </dd>
2904 <dt class="hdlist1">
2905 <code>GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY</code>
2906 </dt>
2907 <dd>
2908 <p>
2909         If the object storage directory is specified via this
2910         environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
2911         underneath - otherwise the default <code>$GIT_DIR/objects</code>
2912         directory is used.
2913 </p>
2914 </dd>
2915 <dt class="hdlist1">
2916 <code>GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES</code>
2917 </dt>
2918 <dd>
2919 <p>
2920         Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
2921         archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
2922         specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
2923         of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
2924         objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
2925 </p>
2926 <div class="paragraph"><p>Entries that begin with <code>"</code> (double-quote) will be interpreted
2927 as C-style quoted paths, removing leading and trailing
2928 double-quotes and respecting backslash escapes. E.g., the value
2929 <code>"path-with-\"-and-:-in-it":vanilla-path</code> has two paths:
2930 <code>path-with-"-and-:-in-it</code> and <code>vanilla-path</code>.</p></div>
2931 </dd>
2932 <dt class="hdlist1">
2933 <code>GIT_DIR</code>
2934 </dt>
2935 <dd>
2936 <p>
2937         If the <code>GIT_DIR</code> environment variable is set then it
2938         specifies a path to use instead of the default <code>.git</code>
2939         for the base of the repository.
2940         The <code>--git-dir</code> command-line option also sets this value.
2941 </p>
2942 </dd>
2943 <dt class="hdlist1">
2944 <code>GIT_WORK_TREE</code>
2945 </dt>
2946 <dd>
2947 <p>
2948         Set the path to the root of the working tree.
2949         This can also be controlled by the <code>--work-tree</code> command-line
2950         option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
2951 </p>
2952 </dd>
2953 <dt class="hdlist1">
2954 <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code>
2955 </dt>
2956 <dd>
2957 <p>
2958         Set the Git namespace; see <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a> for details.
2959         The <code>--namespace</code> command-line option also sets this value.
2960 </p>
2961 </dd>
2962 <dt class="hdlist1">
2963 <code>GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES</code>
2964 </dt>
2965 <dd>
2966 <p>
2967         This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.  If
2968         set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
2969         into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
2970         excluding slow-loading network directories).  It will not
2971         exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
2972         command line or in the environment.  Normally, Git has to read
2973         the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
2974         might be present in order to compare them with the current
2975         directory.  However, if even this access is slow, you
2976         can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
2977         subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn&#8217;t be resolved;
2978         e.g.,
2979         <code>GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink</code>.
2980 </p>
2981 </dd>
2982 <dt class="hdlist1">
2983 <code>GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM</code>
2984 </dt>
2985 <dd>
2986 <p>
2987         When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
2988         directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
2989         directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
2990         does not cross filesystem boundaries.  This Boolean environment variable
2991         can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
2992         boundaries.  Like <code>GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES</code>, this will not affect
2993         an explicit repository directory set via <code>GIT_DIR</code> or on the
2994         command line.
2995 </p>
2996 </dd>
2997 <dt class="hdlist1">
2998 <code>GIT_COMMON_DIR</code>
2999 </dt>
3000 <dd>
3001 <p>
3002         If this variable is set to a path, non-worktree files that are
3003         normally in $GIT_DIR will be taken from this path
3004         instead. Worktree-specific files such as HEAD or index are
3005         taken from $GIT_DIR. See <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a> and
3006         <a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree(1)</a> for
3007         details. This variable has lower precedence than other path
3008         variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY&#8230;
3009 </p>
3010 </dd>
3011 <dt class="hdlist1">
3012 <code>GIT_DEFAULT_HASH</code>
3013 </dt>
3014 <dd>
3015 <p>
3016         If this variable is set, the default hash algorithm for new
3017         repositories will be set to this value. This value is
3018         ignored when cloning and the setting of the remote repository
3019         is always used. The default is "sha1".
3020         See <code>--object-format</code> in <a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a>.
3021 </p>
3022 </dd>
3023 <dt class="hdlist1">
3024 <code>GIT_DEFAULT_REF_FORMAT</code>
3025 </dt>
3026 <dd>
3027 <p>
3028         If this variable is set, the default reference backend format for new
3029         repositories will be set to this value. The default is "files".
3030         See <code>--ref-format</code> in <a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a>.
3031 </p>
3032 </dd>
3033 </dl></div>
3034 </div>
3035 <div class="sect2">
3036 <h3 id="_git_commits">Git Commits</h3>
3037 <div class="dlist"><dl>
3038 <dt class="hdlist1">
3039 <code>GIT_AUTHOR_NAME</code>
3040 </dt>
3041 <dd>
3042 <p>
3043         The human-readable name used in the author identity when creating commit or
3044         tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the <code>user.name</code> and
3045         <code>author.name</code> configuration settings.
3046 </p>
3047 </dd>
3048 <dt class="hdlist1">
3049 <code>GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL</code>
3050 </dt>
3051 <dd>
3052 <p>
3053         The email address used in the author identity when creating commit or
3054         tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the <code>user.email</code> and
3055         <code>author.email</code> configuration settings.
3056 </p>
3057 </dd>
3058 <dt class="hdlist1">
3059 <code>GIT_AUTHOR_DATE</code>
3060 </dt>
3061 <dd>
3062 <p>
3063         The date used for the author identity when creating commit or tag objects, or
3064         when writing reflogs. See <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> for valid formats.
3065 </p>
3066 </dd>
3067 <dt class="hdlist1">
3068 <code>GIT_COMMITTER_NAME</code>
3069 </dt>
3070 <dd>
3071 <p>
3072         The human-readable name used in the committer identity when creating commit or
3073         tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the <code>user.name</code> and
3074         <code>committer.name</code> configuration settings.
3075 </p>
3076 </dd>
3077 <dt class="hdlist1">
3078 <code>GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL</code>
3079 </dt>
3080 <dd>
3081 <p>
3082         The email address used in the author identity when creating commit or
3083         tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the <code>user.email</code> and
3084         <code>committer.email</code> configuration settings.
3085 </p>
3086 </dd>
3087 <dt class="hdlist1">
3088 <code>GIT_COMMITTER_DATE</code>
3089 </dt>
3090 <dd>
3091 <p>
3092         The date used for the committer identity when creating commit or tag objects, or
3093         when writing reflogs. See <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> for valid formats.
3094 </p>
3095 </dd>
3096 <dt class="hdlist1">
3097 <code>EMAIL</code>
3098 </dt>
3099 <dd>
3100 <p>
3101         The email address used in the author and committer identities if no other
3102         relevant environment variable or configuration setting has been set.
3103 </p>
3104 </dd>
3105 </dl></div>
3106 </div>
3107 <div class="sect2">
3108 <h3 id="_git_diffs">Git Diffs</h3>
3109 <div class="dlist"><dl>
3110 <dt class="hdlist1">
3111 <code>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</code>
3112 </dt>
3113 <dd>
3114 <p>
3115         Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
3116         number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
3117         This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
3118         value passed on the Git diff command line.
3119 </p>
3120 </dd>
3121 <dt class="hdlist1">
3122 <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code>
3123 </dt>
3124 <dd>
3125 <p>
3126         When the environment variable <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> is set, the
3127         program named by it is called to generate diffs, and Git
3128         does not use its builtin diff machinery.
3129         For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
3130         <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> is called with 7 parameters:
3131 </p>
3132 <div class="literalblock">
3133 <div class="content">
3134 <pre><code>path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode</code></pre>
3135 </div></div>
3136 <div class="paragraph"><p>where:</p></div>
3137 </dd>
3138 <dt class="hdlist1">
3139 &lt;old|new&gt;-file
3140 </dt>
3141 <dd>
3142 <p>
3143 are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
3144                          contents of &lt;old|new&gt;,
3145 </p>
3146 </dd>
3147 <dt class="hdlist1">
3148 &lt;old|new&gt;-hex
3149 </dt>
3150 <dd>
3151 <p>
3152 are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
3153 </p>
3154 </dd>
3155 <dt class="hdlist1">
3156 &lt;old|new&gt;-mode
3157 </dt>
3158 <dd>
3159 <p>
3160 are the octal representation of the file modes.
3161 </p>
3162 <div class="paragraph"><p>The file parameters can point at the user&#8217;s working file
3163 (e.g. <code>new-file</code> in "git-diff-files"), <code>/dev/null</code> (e.g. <code>old-file</code>
3164 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. <code>old-file</code> in the
3165 index).  <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> should not worry about unlinking the
3166 temporary file&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;it is removed when <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> exits.</p></div>
3167 <div class="paragraph"><p>For a path that is unmerged, <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> is called with 1
3168 parameter, &lt;path&gt;.</p></div>
3169 <div class="paragraph"><p>For each path <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> is called, two environment variables,
3170 <code>GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER</code> and <code>GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL</code> are set.</p></div>
3171 </dd>
3172 <dt class="hdlist1">
3173 <code>GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER</code>
3174 </dt>
3175 <dd>
3176 <p>
3177         A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path.
3178 </p>
3179 </dd>
3180 <dt class="hdlist1">
3181 <code>GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL</code>
3182 </dt>
3183 <dd>
3184 <p>
3185         The total number of paths.
3186 </p>
3187 </dd>
3188 </dl></div>
3189 </div>
3190 <div class="sect2">
3191 <h3 id="_other">other</h3>
3192 <div class="dlist"><dl>
3193 <dt class="hdlist1">
3194 <code>GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY</code>
3195 </dt>
3196 <dd>
3197 <p>
3198         A number controlling the amount of output shown by
3199         the recursive merge strategy.  Overrides merge.verbosity.
3200         See <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a>
3201 </p>
3202 </dd>
3203 <dt class="hdlist1">
3204 <code>GIT_PAGER</code>
3205 </dt>
3206 <dd>
3207 <p>
3208         This environment variable overrides <code>$PAGER</code>. If it is set
3209         to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
3210         a pager.  See also the <code>core.pager</code> option in
3211         <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
3212 </p>
3213 </dd>
3214 <dt class="hdlist1">
3215 <code>GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY</code>
3216 </dt>
3217 <dd>
3218 <p>
3219         A number controlling how many seconds to delay before showing
3220         optional progress indicators. Defaults to 2.
3221 </p>
3222 </dd>
3223 <dt class="hdlist1">
3224 <code>GIT_EDITOR</code>
3225 </dt>
3226 <dd>
3227 <p>
3228         This environment variable overrides <code>$EDITOR</code> and <code>$VISUAL</code>.
3229         It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
3230         an editor is to be launched. See also <a href="git-var.html">git-var(1)</a>
3231         and the <code>core.editor</code> option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
3232 </p>
3233 </dd>
3234 <dt class="hdlist1">
3235 <code>GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR</code>
3236 </dt>
3237 <dd>
3238 <p>
3239         This environment variable overrides the configured Git editor
3240         when editing the todo list of an interactive rebase. See also
3241         <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> and the <code>sequence.editor</code> option in
3242         <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
3243 </p>
3244 </dd>
3245 <dt class="hdlist1">
3246 <code>GIT_SSH</code>
3247 </dt>
3248 <dt class="hdlist1">
3249 <code>GIT_SSH_COMMAND</code>
3250 </dt>
3251 <dd>
3252 <p>
3253         If either of these environment variables is set then <em>git fetch</em>
3254         and <em>git push</em> will use the specified command instead of <em>ssh</em>
3255         when they need to connect to a remote system.
3256         The command-line parameters passed to the configured command are
3257         determined by the ssh variant.  See <code>ssh.variant</code> option in
3258         <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for details.
3259 </p>
3260 <div class="paragraph"><p><code>$GIT_SSH_COMMAND</code> takes precedence over <code>$GIT_SSH</code>, and is interpreted
3261 by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.
3262 <code>$GIT_SSH</code> on the other hand must be just the path to a program
3263 (which can be a wrapper shell script, if additional arguments are
3264 needed).</p></div>
3265 <div class="paragraph"><p>Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
3266 personal <code>.ssh/config</code> file.  Please consult your ssh documentation
3267 for further details.</p></div>
3268 </dd>
3269 <dt class="hdlist1">
3270 <code>GIT_SSH_VARIANT</code>
3271 </dt>
3272 <dd>
3273 <p>
3274         If this environment variable is set, it overrides Git&#8217;s autodetection
3275         whether <code>GIT_SSH</code>/<code>GIT_SSH_COMMAND</code>/<code>core.sshCommand</code> refer to OpenSSH,
3276         plink or tortoiseplink. This variable overrides the config setting
3277         <code>ssh.variant</code> that serves the same purpose.
3278 </p>
3279 </dd>
3280 <dt class="hdlist1">
3281 <code>GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY</code>
3282 </dt>
3283 <dd>
3284 <p>
3285         Setting and exporting this environment variable to any value
3286         tells Git not to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or
3287         pushing over HTTPS.
3288 </p>
3289 </dd>
3290 <dt class="hdlist1">
3291 <code>GIT_ATTR_SOURCE</code>
3292 </dt>
3293 <dd>
3294 <p>
3295         Sets the treeish that gitattributes will be read from.
3296 </p>
3297 </dd>
3298 <dt class="hdlist1">
3299 <code>GIT_ASKPASS</code>
3300 </dt>
3301 <dd>
3302 <p>
3303         If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
3304         acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
3305         will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument
3306         and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the <code>core.askPass</code>
3307         option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
3308 </p>
3309 </dd>
3310 <dt class="hdlist1">
3311 <code>GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT</code>
3312 </dt>
3313 <dd>
3314 <p>
3315         If this Boolean environment variable is set to false, git will not prompt
3316         on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).
3317 </p>
3318 </dd>
3319 <dt class="hdlist1">
3320 <code>GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL</code>
3321 </dt>
3322 <dt class="hdlist1">
3323 <code>GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM</code>
3324 </dt>
3325 <dd>
3326 <p>
3327         Take the configuration from the given files instead from global or
3328         system-level configuration files. If <code>GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM</code> is set, the
3329         system config file defined at build time (usually <code>/etc/gitconfig</code>)
3330         will not be read. Likewise, if <code>GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL</code> is set, neither
3331         <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> nor <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config</code> will be read. Can
3332         be set to <code>/dev/null</code> to skip reading configuration files of the
3333         respective level.
3334 </p>
3335 </dd>
3336 <dt class="hdlist1">
3337 <code>GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM</code>
3338 </dt>
3339 <dd>
3340 <p>
3341         Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
3342         <code>$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig</code> file.  This Boolean environment variable can
3343         be used along with <code>$HOME</code> and <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</code> to create a
3344         predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
3345         to true to temporarily avoid using a buggy <code>/etc/gitconfig</code> file while
3346         waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
3347 </p>
3348 </dd>
3349 <dt class="hdlist1">
3350 <code>GIT_FLUSH</code>
3351 </dt>
3352 <dd>
3353 <p>
3354         If this Boolean environment variable is set to true, then commands such
3355         as <em>git blame</em> (in incremental mode), <em>git rev-list</em>, <em>git log</em>,
3356         <em>git check-attr</em> and <em>git check-ignore</em> will
3357         force a flush of the output stream after each record have been
3358         flushed. If this
3359         variable is set to false, the output of these commands will be done
3360         using completely buffered I/O.   If this environment variable is
3361         not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
3362         based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
3363 </p>
3364 </dd>
3365 <dt class="hdlist1">
3366 <code>GIT_TRACE</code>
3367 </dt>
3368 <dd>
3369 <p>
3370         Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in
3371         command execution and external command execution.
3372 </p>
3373 <div class="paragraph"><p>If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
3374 is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to
3375 stderr.</p></div>
3376 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2
3377 and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
3378 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
3379 trace messages into this file descriptor.</p></div>
3380 <div class="paragraph"><p>Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
3381 (starting with a <em>/</em> character), Git will interpret this
3382 as a file path and will try to append the trace messages
3383 to it.</p></div>
3384 <div class="paragraph"><p>Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
3385 "false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.</p></div>
3386 </dd>
3387 <dt class="hdlist1">
3388 <code>GIT_TRACE_FSMONITOR</code>
3389 </dt>
3390 <dd>
3391 <p>
3392         Enables trace messages for the filesystem monitor extension.
3393         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3394 </p>
3395 </dd>
3396 <dt class="hdlist1">
3397 <code>GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS</code>
3398 </dt>
3399 <dd>
3400 <p>
3401         Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each
3402         access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
3403         recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
3404         pack-related performance problems.
3405         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3406 </p>
3407 </dd>
3408 <dt class="hdlist1">
3409 <code>GIT_TRACE_PACKET</code>
3410 </dt>
3411 <dd>
3412 <p>
3413         Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a
3414         given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation
3415         or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet
3416         starting with "PACK" (but see <code>GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE</code> below).
3417         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3418 </p>
3419 </dd>
3420 <dt class="hdlist1">
3421 <code>GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE</code>
3422 </dt>
3423 <dd>
3424 <p>
3425         Enables tracing of packfiles sent or received by a
3426         given program. Unlike other trace output, this trace is
3427         verbatim: no headers, and no quoting of binary data. You almost
3428         certainly want to direct into a file (e.g.,
3429         <code>GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=/tmp/my.pack</code>) rather than displaying it on
3430         the terminal or mixing it with other trace output.
3431 </p>
3432 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this is currently only implemented for the client side
3433 of clones and fetches.</p></div>
3434 </dd>
3435 <dt class="hdlist1">
3436 <code>GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE</code>
3437 </dt>
3438 <dd>
3439 <p>
3440         Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution
3441         time of each Git command.
3442         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3443 </p>
3444 </dd>
3445 <dt class="hdlist1">
3446 <code>GIT_TRACE_REFS</code>
3447 </dt>
3448 <dd>
3449 <p>
3450         Enables trace messages for operations on the ref database.
3451         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3452 </p>
3453 </dd>
3454 <dt class="hdlist1">
3455 <code>GIT_TRACE_SETUP</code>
3456 </dt>
3457 <dd>
3458 <p>
3459         Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current
3460         working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.
3461         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3462 </p>
3463 </dd>
3464 <dt class="hdlist1">
3465 <code>GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW</code>
3466 </dt>
3467 <dd>
3468 <p>
3469         Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching /
3470         cloning of shallow repositories.
3471         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3472 </p>
3473 </dd>
3474 <dt class="hdlist1">
3475 <code>GIT_TRACE_CURL</code>
3476 </dt>
3477 <dd>
3478 <p>
3479         Enables a curl full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data,
3480         including descriptive information, of the git transport protocol.
3481         This is similar to doing curl <code>--trace-ascii</code> on the command line.
3482         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3483 </p>
3484 </dd>
3485 <dt class="hdlist1">
3486 <code>GIT_TRACE_CURL_NO_DATA</code>
3487 </dt>
3488 <dd>
3489 <p>
3490         When a curl trace is enabled (see <code>GIT_TRACE_CURL</code> above), do not dump
3491         data (that is, only dump info lines and headers).
3492 </p>
3493 </dd>
3494 <dt class="hdlist1">
3495 <code>GIT_TRACE2</code>
3496 </dt>
3497 <dd>
3498 <p>
3499         Enables more detailed trace messages from the "trace2" library.
3500         Output from <code>GIT_TRACE2</code> is a simple text-based format for human
3501         readability.
3502 </p>
3503 <div class="paragraph"><p>If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
3504 is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to
3505 stderr.</p></div>
3506 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2
3507 and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
3508 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
3509 trace messages into this file descriptor.</p></div>
3510 <div class="paragraph"><p>Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
3511 (starting with a <em>/</em> character), Git will interpret this
3512 as a file path and will try to append the trace messages
3513 to it.  If the path already exists and is a directory, the
3514 trace messages will be written to files (one per process)
3515 in that directory, named according to the last component
3516 of the SID and an optional counter (to avoid filename
3517 collisions).</p></div>
3518 <div class="paragraph"><p>In addition, if the variable is set to
3519 <code>af_unix:[&lt;socket-type&gt;:]&lt;absolute-pathname&gt;</code>, Git will try
3520 to open the path as a Unix Domain Socket.  The socket type
3521 can be either <code>stream</code> or <code>dgram</code>.</p></div>
3522 <div class="paragraph"><p>Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
3523 "false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.</p></div>
3524 <div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="technical/api-trace2.html">Trace2 documentation</a>
3525 for full details.</p></div>
3526 </dd>
3527 <dt class="hdlist1">
3528 <code>GIT_TRACE2_EVENT</code>
3529 </dt>
3530 <dd>
3531 <p>
3532         This setting writes a JSON-based format that is suited for machine
3533         interpretation.
3534         See <code>GIT_TRACE2</code> for available trace output options and
3535         <a href="technical/api-trace2.html">Trace2 documentation</a> for full details.
3536 </p>
3537 </dd>
3538 <dt class="hdlist1">
3539 <code>GIT_TRACE2_PERF</code>
3540 </dt>
3541 <dd>
3542 <p>
3543         In addition to the text-based messages available in <code>GIT_TRACE2</code>, this
3544         setting writes a column-based format for understanding nesting
3545         regions.
3546         See <code>GIT_TRACE2</code> for available trace output options and
3547         <a href="technical/api-trace2.html">Trace2 documentation</a> for full details.
3548 </p>
3549 </dd>
3550 <dt class="hdlist1">
3551 <code>GIT_TRACE_REDACT</code>
3552 </dt>
3553 <dd>
3554 <p>
3555         By default, when tracing is activated, Git redacts the values of
3556         cookies, the "Authorization:" header, the "Proxy-Authorization:"
3557         header and packfile URIs. Set this Boolean environment variable to false to prevent this
3558         redaction.
3559 </p>
3560 </dd>
3561 <dt class="hdlist1">
3562 <code>GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS</code>
3563 </dt>
3564 <dd>
3565 <p>
3566         Setting and exporting this environment variable tells Git to
3567         ignore replacement refs and do not replace Git objects.
3568 </p>
3569 </dd>
3570 <dt class="hdlist1">
3571 <code>GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS</code>
3572 </dt>
3573 <dd>
3574 <p>
3575         Setting this Boolean environment variable to true will cause Git to treat all
3576         pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
3577         running <code>GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'</code> will search
3578         for commits that touch the path <code>*.c</code>, not any paths that the
3579         glob <code>*.c</code> matches. You might want this if you are feeding
3580         literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
3581         <code>git ls-tree</code>, <code>--raw</code> diff output, etc).
3582 </p>
3583 </dd>
3584 <dt class="hdlist1">
3585 <code>GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS</code>
3586 </dt>
3587 <dd>
3588 <p>
3589         Setting this Boolean environment variable to true will cause Git to treat all
3590         pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
3591 </p>
3592 </dd>
3593 <dt class="hdlist1">
3594 <code>GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS</code>
3595 </dt>
3596 <dd>
3597 <p>
3598         Setting this Boolean environment variable to true will cause Git to treat all
3599         pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
3600 </p>
3601 </dd>
3602 <dt class="hdlist1">
3603 <code>GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS</code>
3604 </dt>
3605 <dd>
3606 <p>
3607         Setting this Boolean environment variable to true will cause Git to treat all
3608         pathspecs as case-insensitive.
3609 </p>
3610 </dd>
3611 <dt class="hdlist1">
3612 <code>GIT_NO_LAZY_FETCH</code>
3613 </dt>
3614 <dd>
3615 <p>
3616         Setting this Boolean environment variable to true tells Git
3617         not to lazily fetch missing objects from the promisor remote
3618         on demand.
3619 </p>
3620 </dd>
3621 <dt class="hdlist1">
3622 <code>GIT_REFLOG_ACTION</code>
3623 </dt>
3624 <dd>
3625 <p>
3626         When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep
3627         track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is
3628         typically the name of the high-level command that updated
3629         the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.
3630         A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action
3631         helper function in <code>git-sh-setup</code> to set its name to this
3632         variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the
3633         end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.
3634 </p>
3635 </dd>
3636 <dt class="hdlist1">
3637 <code>GIT_REF_PARANOIA</code>
3638 </dt>
3639 <dd>
3640 <p>
3641         If this Boolean environment variable is set to false, ignore broken or badly named refs when iterating
3642         over lists of refs. Normally Git will try to include any such
3643         refs, which may cause some operations to fail. This is usually
3644         preferable, as potentially destructive operations (e.g.,
3645         <a href="git-prune.html">git-prune(1)</a>) are better off aborting rather than
3646         ignoring broken refs (and thus considering the history they
3647         point to as not worth saving). The default value is <code>1</code> (i.e.,
3648         be paranoid about detecting and aborting all operations). You
3649         should not normally need to set this to <code>0</code>, but it may be
3650         useful when trying to salvage data from a corrupted repository.
3651 </p>
3652 </dd>
3653 <dt class="hdlist1">
3654 <code>GIT_COMMIT_GRAPH_PARANOIA</code>
3655 </dt>
3656 <dd>
3657 <p>
3658         When loading a commit object from the commit-graph, Git performs an
3659         existence check on the object in the object database. This is done to
3660         avoid issues with stale commit-graphs that contain references to
3661         already-deleted commits, but comes with a performance penalty.
3662 </p>
3663 <div class="paragraph"><p>The default is "false", which disables the aforementioned behavior.
3664 Setting this to "true" enables the existence check so that stale commits
3665 will never be returned from the commit-graph at the cost of performance.</p></div>
3666 </dd>
3667 <dt class="hdlist1">
3668 <code>GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL</code>
3669 </dt>
3670 <dd>
3671 <p>
3672         If set to a colon-separated list of protocols, behave as if
3673         <code>protocol.allow</code> is set to <code>never</code>, and each of the listed
3674         protocols has <code>protocol.&lt;name&gt;.allow</code> set to <code>always</code>
3675         (overriding any existing configuration). See the description of
3676         <code>protocol.allow</code> in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more details.
3677 </p>
3678 </dd>
3679 <dt class="hdlist1">
3680 <code>GIT_PROTOCOL_FROM_USER</code>
3681 </dt>
3682 <dd>
3683 <p>
3684         Set this Boolean environment variable to false to prevent protocols used by fetch/push/clone which are
3685         configured to the <code>user</code> state.  This is useful to restrict recursive
3686         submodule initialization from an untrusted repository or for programs
3687         which feed potentially-untrusted URLS to git commands.  See
3688         <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more details.
3689 </p>
3690 </dd>
3691 <dt class="hdlist1">
3692 <code>GIT_PROTOCOL</code>
3693 </dt>
3694 <dd>
3695 <p>
3696         For internal use only.  Used in handshaking the wire protocol.
3697         Contains a colon <em>:</em> separated list of keys with optional values
3698         <em>key[=value]</em>.  Presence of unknown keys and values must be
3699         ignored.
3700 </p>
3701 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that servers may need to be configured to allow this variable to
3702 pass over some transports. It will be propagated automatically when
3703 accessing local repositories (i.e., <code>file://</code> or a filesystem path), as
3704 well as over the <code>git://</code> protocol. For git-over-http, it should work
3705 automatically in most configurations, but see the discussion in
3706 <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a>. For git-over-ssh, the ssh server may need
3707 to be configured to allow clients to pass this variable (e.g., by using
3708 <code>AcceptEnv GIT_PROTOCOL</code> with OpenSSH).</p></div>
3709 <div class="paragraph"><p>This configuration is optional. If the variable is not propagated, then
3710 clients will fall back to the original "v0" protocol (but may miss out
3711 on some performance improvements or features). This variable currently
3712 only affects clones and fetches; it is not yet used for pushes (but may
3713 be in the future).</p></div>
3714 </dd>
3715 <dt class="hdlist1">
3716 <code>GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS</code>
3717 </dt>
3718 <dd>
3719 <p>
3720         If this Boolean environment variable is set to false, Git will complete any requested operation without
3721         performing any optional sub-operations that require taking a lock.
3722         For example, this will prevent <code>git status</code> from refreshing the
3723         index as a side effect. This is useful for processes running in
3724         the background which do not want to cause lock contention with
3725         other operations on the repository.  Defaults to <code>1</code>.
3726 </p>
3727 </dd>
3728 <dt class="hdlist1">
3729 <code>GIT_REDIRECT_STDIN</code>
3730 </dt>
3731 <dt class="hdlist1">
3732 <code>GIT_REDIRECT_STDOUT</code>
3733 </dt>
3734 <dt class="hdlist1">
3735 <code>GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR</code>
3736 </dt>
3737 <dd>
3738 <p>
3739         Windows-only: allow redirecting the standard input/output/error
3740         handles to paths specified by the environment variables. This is
3741         particularly useful in multi-threaded applications where the
3742         canonical way to pass standard handles via <code>CreateProcess()</code> is
3743         not an option because it would require the handles to be marked
3744         inheritable (and consequently <strong>every</strong> spawned process would
3745         inherit them, possibly blocking regular Git operations). The
3746         primary intended use case is to use named pipes for communication
3747         (e.g. <code>\\.\pipe\my-git-stdin-123</code>).
3748 </p>
3749 <div class="paragraph"><p>Two special values are supported: <code>off</code> will simply close the
3750 corresponding standard handle, and if <code>GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR</code> is
3751 <code>2&gt;&amp;1</code>, standard error will be redirected to the same handle as
3752 standard output.</p></div>
3753 </dd>
3754 <dt class="hdlist1">
3755 <code>GIT_PRINT_SHA1_ELLIPSIS</code> (deprecated)
3756 </dt>
3757 <dd>
3758 <p>
3759         If set to <code>yes</code>, print an ellipsis following an
3760         (abbreviated) SHA-1 value.  This affects indications of
3761         detached HEADs (<a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>) and the raw
3762         diff output (<a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>).  Printing an
3763         ellipsis in the cases mentioned is no longer considered
3764         adequate and support for it is likely to be removed in the
3765         foreseeable future (along with the variable).
3766 </p>
3767 </dd>
3768 </dl></div>
3769 </div>
3770 </div>
3771 </div>
3772 <div class="sect1">
3773 <h2 id="_discussion_a_id_discussion_a">Discussion<a id="Discussion"></a></h2>
3774 <div class="sectionbody">
3775 <div class="paragraph"><p>More detail on the following is available from the
3776 <a href="user-manual.html#git-concepts">Git concepts chapter of the
3777 user-manual</a> and <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>.</p></div>
3778 <div class="paragraph"><p>A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
3779 subdirectory at the top level.  The .git directory contains, among other
3780 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
3781 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
3782 contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
3783 as tags and branch heads.</p></div>
3784 <div class="paragraph"><p>The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
3785 hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
3786 directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
3787 and some number of parent commits.</p></div>
3788 <div class="paragraph"><p>The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
3789 "version", represents a step in the project&#8217;s history, and each parent
3790 represents an immediately preceding step.  Commits with more than one
3791 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.</p></div>
3792 <div class="paragraph"><p>All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
3793 written as a string of 40 hex digits.  Such names are globally unique.
3794 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
3795 just that commit.  A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
3796 purpose.</p></div>
3797 <div class="paragraph"><p>When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
3798 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".</p></div>
3799 <div class="paragraph"><p>Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history.  A ref
3800 may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref (the
3801 latter is called a "symbolic ref").
3802 Refs with names beginning <code>refs/head/</code> contain the SHA-1 name of the most
3803 recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA-1 names of
3804 tags of interest are stored under <code>refs/tags/</code>.  A symbolic ref named
3805 <code>HEAD</code> contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.</p></div>
3806 <div class="paragraph"><p>The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
3807 path, a blob object and a set of attributes.  The blob object represents
3808 the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch.  The
3809 attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
3810 corresponding file in the working tree.  Subsequent changes to the
3811 working tree can be found by comparing these attributes.  The index may
3812 be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
3813 content stored in the index.</p></div>
3814 <div class="paragraph"><p>The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
3815 for a given pathname.  These stages are used to hold the various
3816 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.</p></div>
3817 </div>
3818 </div>
3819 <div class="sect1">
3820 <h2 id="_further_documentation">FURTHER DOCUMENTATION</h2>
3821 <div class="sectionbody">
3822 <div class="paragraph"><p>See the references in the "description" section to get started
3823 using Git.  The following is probably more detail than necessary
3824 for a first-time user.</p></div>
3825 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="user-manual.html#git-concepts">Git concepts chapter of the
3826 user-manual</a> and <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a> both provide
3827 introductions to the underlying Git architecture.</p></div>
3828 <div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="gitworkflows.html">gitworkflows(7)</a> for an overview of recommended workflows.</p></div>
3829 <div class="paragraph"><p>See also the <a href="howto-index.html">howto</a> documents for some useful
3830 examples.</p></div>
3831 <div class="paragraph"><p>The internals are documented in the
3832 <a href="technical/api-index.html">Git API documentation</a>.</p></div>
3833 <div class="paragraph"><p>Users migrating from CVS may also want to
3834 read <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a>.</p></div>
3835 </div>
3836 </div>
3837 <div class="sect1">
3838 <h2 id="_authors">Authors</h2>
3839 <div class="sectionbody">
3840 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
3841 C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
3842 &lt;<a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a>&gt;.  <a href="https://openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary">https://openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary</a>
3843 gives you a more complete list of contributors.</p></div>
3844 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
3845 output of <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> and <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a> can show you
3846 the authors for specific parts of the project.</p></div>
3847 </div>
3848 </div>
3849 <div class="sect1">
3850 <h2 id="_reporting_bugs">Reporting Bugs</h2>
3851 <div class="sectionbody">
3852 <div class="paragraph"><p>Report bugs to the Git mailing list &lt;<a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a>&gt; where the
3853 development and maintenance is primarily done.  You do not have to be
3854 subscribed to the list to send a message there.  See the list archive
3855 at <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git">https://lore.kernel.org/git</a> for previous bug reports and other
3856 discussions.</p></div>
3857 <div class="paragraph"><p>Issues which are security relevant should be disclosed privately to
3858 the Git Security mailing list &lt;<a href="mailto:git-security@googlegroups.com">git-security@googlegroups.com</a>&gt;.</p></div>
3859 </div>
3860 </div>
3861 <div class="sect1">
3862 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
3863 <div class="sectionbody">
3864 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>, <a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>,
3865 <a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday(7)</a>, <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a>,
3866 <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>, <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>,
3867 <a href="gitcli.html">gitcli(7)</a>, <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User&#8217;s Manual</a>,
3868 <a href="gitworkflows.html">gitworkflows(7)</a></p></div>
3869 </div>
3870 </div>
3871 <div class="sect1">
3872 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
3873 <div class="sectionbody">
3874 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
3875 </div>
3876 </div>
3877 </div>
3878 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
3879 <div id="footer">
3880 <div id="footer-text">
3881 Last updated
3882  2024-03-07 16:01:15 PST
3883 </div>
3884 </div>
3885 </body>
3886 </html>