git-credential.html

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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>git-credential(1) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>git-credential - Retrieve and store user credentials</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="listingblock">
 454 <div class="content">
 455 <pre>'git credential' (fill|approve|reject|capability)</pre>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 </div>
 459 </div>
 460 <div class="sect1">
 461 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 462 <div class="sectionbody">
 463 <div class="paragraph">
 464 <p>Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials
 465 from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for
 466 usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this
 467 interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for
 468 credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable
 469 interface models the internal C API; see credential.h for more
 470 background on the concepts.</p>
 471 </div>
 472 <div class="paragraph">
 473 <p>git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of
 474 <code>fill</code>, <code>approve</code>, or <code>reject</code>) and reads a credential description
 475 on stdin (see <a href="#IOFMT">INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT</a>).</p>
 476 </div>
 477 <div class="paragraph">
 478 <p>If the action is <code>fill</code>, git-credential will attempt to add "username"
 479 and "password" attributes to the description by reading config files,
 480 by contacting any configured credential helpers, or by prompting the
 481 user. The username and password attributes of the credential
 482 description are then printed to stdout together with the attributes
 483 already provided.</p>
 484 </div>
 485 <div class="paragraph">
 486 <p>If the action is <code>approve</code>, git-credential will send the description
 487 to any configured credential helpers, which may store the credential
 488 for later use.</p>
 489 </div>
 490 <div class="paragraph">
 491 <p>If the action is <code>reject</code>, git-credential will send the description to
 492 any configured credential helpers, which may erase any stored
 493 credentials matching the description.</p>
 494 </div>
 495 <div class="paragraph">
 496 <p>If the action is <code>capability</code>, git-credential will announce any capabilities
 497 it supports to standard output.</p>
 498 </div>
 499 <div class="paragraph">
 500 <p>If the action is <code>approve</code> or <code>reject</code>, no output should be emitted.</p>
 501 </div>
 502 </div>
 503 </div>
 504 <div class="sect1">
 505 <h2 id="_typical_use_of_git_credential">TYPICAL USE OF GIT CREDENTIAL</h2>
 506 <div class="sectionbody">
 507 <div class="paragraph">
 508 <p>An application using git-credential will typically use <code>git</code>
 509 <code>credential</code> following these steps:</p>
 510 </div>
 511 <div class="olist arabic">
 512 <ol class="arabic">
 513 <li>
 514 <p>Generate a credential description based on the context.</p>
 515 <div class="paragraph">
 516 <p>For example, if we want a password for
 517 <code>https://example.com/foo.git</code>, we might generate the following
 518 credential description (don&#8217;t forget the blank line at the end; it
 519 tells <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> that the application finished feeding all the
 520 information it has):</p>
 521 </div>
 522 <div class="literalblock">
 523 <div class="content">
 524 <pre>protocol=https
 525 host=example.com
 526 path=foo.git</pre>
 527 </div>
 528 </div>
 529 </li>
 530 <li>
 531 <p>Ask git-credential to give us a username and password for this
 532 description. This is done by running <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> <code>fill</code>,
 533 feeding the description from step (1) to its standard input. The complete
 534 credential description (including the credential per se, i.e. the
 535 login and password) will be produced on standard output, like:</p>
 536 <div class="literalblock">
 537 <div class="content">
 538 <pre>protocol=https
 539 host=example.com
 540 username=bob
 541 password=secr3t</pre>
 542 </div>
 543 </div>
 544 <div class="paragraph">
 545 <p>In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be
 546 repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential
 547 description, for example by removing the <code>path</code> attribute when the
 548 protocol is HTTP(s) and <code>credential.useHttpPath</code> is false.</p>
 549 </div>
 550 <div class="paragraph">
 551 <p>If the <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> knew about the password, this step may
 552 not have involved the user actually typing this password (the
 553 user may have typed a password to unlock the keychain instead,
 554 or no user interaction was done if the keychain was already
 555 unlocked) before it returned <code>password=secr3t</code>.</p>
 556 </div>
 557 </li>
 558 <li>
 559 <p>Use the credential (e.g., access the URL with the username and
 560 password from step (2)), and see if it&#8217;s accepted.</p>
 561 </li>
 562 <li>
 563 <p>Report on the success or failure of the password. If the
 564 credential allowed the operation to complete successfully, then
 565 it can be marked with an "approve" action to tell <code>git</code>
 566 <code>credential</code> to reuse it in its next invocation. If the credential
 567 was rejected during the operation, use the "reject" action so
 568 that <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> will ask for a new password in its next
 569 invocation. In either case, <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> should be fed with
 570 the credential description obtained from step (2) (which also
 571 contains the fields provided in step (1)).</p>
 572 </li>
 573 </ol>
 574 </div>
 575 </div>
 576 </div>
 577 <div class="sect1">
 578 <h2 id="IOFMT">INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT</h2>
 579 <div class="sectionbody">
 580 <div class="paragraph">
 581 <p><code>git</code> <code>credential</code> reads and/or writes (depending on the action used)
 582 credential information in its standard input/output. This information
 583 can correspond either to keys for which <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> will obtain
 584 the login information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the actual
 585 credential data to be obtained (username/password).</p>
 586 </div>
 587 <div class="paragraph">
 588 <p>The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one
 589 attribute per line. Each attribute is specified by a key-value pair,
 590 separated by an <code>=</code> (equals) sign, followed by a newline.</p>
 591 </div>
 592 <div class="paragraph">
 593 <p>The key may contain any bytes except <code>=</code>, newline, or NUL. The value may
 594 contain any bytes except newline or NUL.  A line, including the trailing
 595 newline, may not exceed 65535 bytes in order to allow implementations to
 596 parse efficiently.</p>
 597 </div>
 598 <div class="paragraph">
 599 <p>Attributes with keys that end with C-style array brackets [] can have
 600 multiple values. Each instance of a multi-valued attribute forms an
 601 ordered list of values - the order of the repeated attributes defines
 602 the order of the values. An empty multi-valued attribute (<code>key</code>[]<code>=</code>\n)
 603 acts to clear any previous entries and reset the list.</p>
 604 </div>
 605 <div class="paragraph">
 606 <p>In all cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting,
 607 and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
 608 attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.</p>
 609 </div>
 610 <div class="paragraph">
 611 <p>Git understands the following attributes:</p>
 612 </div>
 613 <div class="dlist">
 614 <dl>
 615 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>protocol</code></dt>
 616 <dd>
 617 <p>The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g.,
 618 <code>https</code>).</p>
 619 </dd>
 620 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>host</code></dt>
 621 <dd>
 622 <p>The remote hostname for a network credential.  This includes
 623 the port number if one was specified (e.g., "example.com:8088").</p>
 624 </dd>
 625 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt>
 626 <dd>
 627 <p>The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for
 628 accessing a remote https repository, this will be the
 629 repository&#8217;s path on the server.</p>
 630 </dd>
 631 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>username</code></dt>
 632 <dd>
 633 <p>The credential&#8217;s username, if we already have one (e.g., from a
 634 URL, the configuration, the user, or from a previously run helper).</p>
 635 </dd>
 636 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>password</code></dt>
 637 <dd>
 638 <p>The credential&#8217;s password, if we are asking it to be stored.</p>
 639 </dd>
 640 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>password_expiry_utc</code></dt>
 641 <dd>
 642 <p>Generated passwords such as an OAuth access token may have an expiry date.
 643 When reading credentials from helpers, <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> <code>fill</code> ignores expired
 644 passwords. Represented as Unix time UTC, seconds since 1970.</p>
 645 </dd>
 646 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>oauth_refresh_token</code></dt>
 647 <dd>
 648 <p>An OAuth refresh token may accompany a password that is an OAuth access
 649 token. Helpers must treat this attribute as confidential like the password
 650 attribute. Git itself has no special behaviour for this attribute.</p>
 651 </dd>
 652 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>url</code></dt>
 653 <dd>
 654 <p>When this special attribute is read by <code>git</code> <code>credential</code>, the
 655 value is parsed as a URL and treated as if its constituent parts
 656 were read (e.g., <code>url=https://example.com</code> would behave as if
 657 <code>protocol=https</code> and <code>host=example.com</code> had been provided). This
 658 can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves.</p>
 659 <div class="paragraph">
 660 <p>Note that specifying a protocol is mandatory and if the URL
 661 doesn&#8217;t specify a hostname (e.g., "cert:///path/to/file") the
 662 credential will contain a hostname attribute whose value is an
 663 empty string.</p>
 664 </div>
 665 <div class="paragraph">
 666 <p>Components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no
 667 username in the example above) will be left unset.</p>
 668 </div>
 669 </dd>
 670 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>authtype</code></dt>
 671 <dd>
 672 <p>This indicates that the authentication scheme in question should be used.
 673 Common values for HTTP and HTTPS include <code>basic</code>, <code>bearer</code>, and <code>digest</code>,
 674 although the latter is insecure and should not be used.  If <code>credential</code>
 675 is used, this may be set to an arbitrary string suitable for the protocol in
 676 question (usually HTTP).</p>
 677 <div class="paragraph">
 678 <p>This value should not be sent unless the appropriate capability (see below) is
 679 provided on input.</p>
 680 </div>
 681 </dd>
 682 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>credential</code></dt>
 683 <dd>
 684 <p>The pre-encoded credential, suitable for the protocol in question (usually
 685 HTTP).  If this key is sent, <code>authtype</code> is mandatory, and <code>username</code> and
 686 <code>password</code> are not used.  For HTTP, Git concatenates the <code>authtype</code> value and
 687 this value with a single space to determine the <code>Authorization</code> header.</p>
 688 <div class="paragraph">
 689 <p>This value should not be sent unless the appropriate capability (see below) is
 690 provided on input.</p>
 691 </div>
 692 </dd>
 693 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>ephemeral</code></dt>
 694 <dd>
 695 <p>This boolean value indicates, if true, that the value in the <code>credential</code>
 696 field should not be saved by the credential helper because its usefulness is
 697 limited in time.  For example, an HTTP Digest <code>credential</code> value is computed
 698 using a nonce and reusing it will not result in successful authentication.
 699 This may also be used for situations with short duration (e.g., 24-hour)
 700 credentials.  The default value is false.</p>
 701 <div class="paragraph">
 702 <p>The credential helper will still be invoked with <code>store</code> or <code>erase</code> so that it
 703 can determine whether the operation was successful.</p>
 704 </div>
 705 <div class="paragraph">
 706 <p>This value should not be sent unless the appropriate capability (see below) is
 707 provided on input.</p>
 708 </div>
 709 </dd>
 710 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>state</code>[]</dt>
 711 <dd>
 712 <p>This value provides an opaque state that will be passed back to this helper
 713 if it is called again.  Each different credential helper may specify this
 714 once.  The value should include a prefix unique to the credential helper and
 715 should ignore values that don&#8217;t match its prefix.</p>
 716 <div class="paragraph">
 717 <p>This value should not be sent unless the appropriate capability (see below) is
 718 provided on input.</p>
 719 </div>
 720 </dd>
 721 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>continue</code></dt>
 722 <dd>
 723 <p>This is a boolean value, which, if enabled, indicates that this
 724 authentication is a non-final part of a multistage authentication step. This
 725 is common in protocols such as NTLM and Kerberos, where two rounds of client
 726 authentication are required, and setting this flag allows the credential
 727 helper to implement the multistage authentication step.  This flag should
 728 only be sent if a further stage is required; that is, if another round of
 729 authentication is expected.</p>
 730 <div class="paragraph">
 731 <p>This value should not be sent unless the appropriate capability (see below) is
 732 provided on input.  This attribute is <em>one-way</em> from a credential helper to
 733 pass information to Git (or other programs invoking <code>git</code> <code>credential</code>).</p>
 734 </div>
 735 </dd>
 736 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>wwwauth</code>[]</dt>
 737 <dd>
 738 <p>When an HTTP response is received by Git that includes one or more
 739 <em>WWW-Authenticate</em> authentication headers, these will be passed by Git
 740 to credential helpers.</p>
 741 <div class="paragraph">
 742 <p>Each <em>WWW-Authenticate</em> header value is passed as a multi-valued
 743 attribute <em>wwwauth[]</em>, where the order of the attributes is the same as
 744 they appear in the HTTP response. This attribute is <em>one-way</em> from Git
 745 to pass additional information to credential helpers.</p>
 746 </div>
 747 </dd>
 748 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>capability</code>[]</dt>
 749 <dd>
 750 <p>This signals that Git, or the helper, as appropriate, supports the capability
 751 in question.  This can be used to provide better, more specific data as part
 752 of the protocol.  A <code>capability</code>[] directive must precede any value depending
 753 on it and these directives <em>should</em> be the first item announced in the
 754 protocol.</p>
 755 <div class="paragraph">
 756 <p>There are two currently supported capabilities.  The first is <code>authtype</code>, which
 757 indicates that the <code>authtype</code>, <code>credential</code>, and <code>ephemeral</code> values are
 758 understood.  The second is <code>state</code>, which indicates that the <code>state</code>[] and
 759 <code>continue</code> values are understood.</p>
 760 </div>
 761 <div class="paragraph">
 762 <p>It is not obligatory to use the additional features just because the capability
 763 is supported, but they should not be provided without the capability.</p>
 764 </div>
 765 </dd>
 766 </dl>
 767 </div>
 768 <div class="paragraph">
 769 <p>Unrecognised attributes and capabilities are silently discarded.</p>
 770 </div>
 771 </div>
 772 </div>
 773 <div class="sect1">
 774 <h2 id="CAPA-IOFMT">CAPABILITY INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT</h2>
 775 <div class="sectionbody">
 776 <div class="paragraph">
 777 <p>For <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> <code>capability</code>, the format is slightly different. First, a
 778 <code>version</code> <code>0</code> announcement is made to indicate the current version of the
 779 protocol, and then each capability is announced with a line like <code>capability</code>
 780 <code>authtype</code>. Credential helpers may also implement this format, again with the
 781 <code>capability</code> argument. Additional lines may be added in the future; callers
 782 should ignore lines which they don&#8217;t understand.</p>
 783 </div>
 784 <div class="paragraph">
 785 <p>Because this is a new part of the credential helper protocol, older versions of
 786 Git, as well as some credential helpers, may not support it.  If a non-zero
 787 exit status is received, or if the first line doesn&#8217;t start with the word
 788 <code>version</code> and a space, callers should assume that no capabilities are supported.</p>
 789 </div>
 790 <div class="paragraph">
 791 <p>The intention of this format is to differentiate it from the credential output
 792 in an unambiguous way.  It is possible to use very simple credential helpers
 793 (e.g., inline shell scripts) which always produce identical output.  Using a
 794 distinct format allows users to continue to use this syntax without having to
 795 worry about correctly implementing capability advertisements or accidentally
 796 confusing callers querying for capabilities.</p>
 797 </div>
 798 </div>
 799 </div>
 800 <div class="sect1">
 801 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 802 <div class="sectionbody">
 803 <div class="paragraph">
 804 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 805 </div>
 806 </div>
 807 </div>
 808 </div>
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