git-receive-pack.html

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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>git-receive-pack(1) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>git-receive-pack - Receive what is pushed into the repository</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content"><em>git receive-pack</em> &lt;git-dir&gt;</pre>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="paragraph">
 462 <p>Invoked by <em>git send-pack</em> and updates the repository with the
 463 information fed from the remote end.</p>
 464 </div>
 465 <div class="paragraph">
 466 <p>This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user.
 467 The UI for the protocol is on the <em>git send-pack</em> side, and the
 468 program pair is meant to be used to push updates to a remote
 469 repository.  For pull operations, see <a href="git-fetch-pack.html">git-fetch-pack(1)</a>.</p>
 470 </div>
 471 <div class="paragraph">
 472 <p>The command allows for the creation and fast-forwarding of sha1 refs
 473 (heads/tags) on the remote end (strictly speaking, it is the
 474 local end <em>git-receive-pack</em> runs, but to the user who is sitting at
 475 the send-pack end, it is updating the remote.  Confused?)</p>
 476 </div>
 477 <div class="paragraph">
 478 <p>There are other real-world examples of using update and
 479 post-update hooks found in the Documentation/howto directory.</p>
 480 </div>
 481 <div class="paragraph">
 482 <p><em>git-receive-pack</em> honours the receive.denyNonFastForwards config
 483 option, which tells it if updates to a ref should be denied if they
 484 are not fast-forwards.</p>
 485 </div>
 486 <div class="paragraph">
 487 <p>A number of other receive.* config options are available to tweak
 488 its behavior, see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p>
 489 </div>
 490 </div>
 491 </div>
 492 <div class="sect1">
 493 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 494 <div class="sectionbody">
 495 <div class="dlist">
 496 <dl>
 497 <dt class="hdlist1">&lt;git-dir&gt;</dt>
 498 <dd>
 499 <p>The repository to sync into.</p>
 500 </dd>
 501 <dt class="hdlist1">--http-backend-info-refs</dt>
 502 <dd>
 503 <p>Used by <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a> to serve up
 504 <code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code>?service=git-receive-pack requests. See
 505 <code>--http-backend-info-refs</code> in <a href="git-upload-pack.html">git-upload-pack(1)</a>.</p>
 506 </dd>
 507 </dl>
 508 </div>
 509 </div>
 510 </div>
 511 <div class="sect1">
 512 <h2 id="_pre_receive_hook">PRE-RECEIVE HOOK</h2>
 513 <div class="sectionbody">
 514 <div class="paragraph">
 515 <p>Before any ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-receive file exists
 516 and is executable, it will be invoked once with no parameters.  The
 517 standard input of the hook will be one line per ref to be updated:</p>
 518 </div>
 519 <div class="literalblock">
 520 <div class="content">
 521 <pre>sha1-old SP sha1-new SP refname LF</pre>
 522 </div>
 523 </div>
 524 <div class="paragraph">
 525 <p>The refname value is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the master
 526 head this is "refs/heads/master".  The two sha1 values before
 527 each refname are the object names for the refname before and after
 528 the update.  Refs to be created will have sha1-old equal to 0{40},
 529 while refs to be deleted will have sha1-new equal to 0{40}, otherwise
 530 sha1-old and sha1-new should be valid objects in the repository.</p>
 531 </div>
 532 <div class="paragraph">
 533 <p>When accepting a signed push (see <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>), the signed
 534 push certificate is stored in a blob and an environment variable
 535 <code>GIT_PUSH_CERT</code> can be consulted for its object name.  See the
 536 description of <code>post-receive</code> hook for an example.  In addition, the
 537 certificate is verified using GPG and the result is exported with
 538 the following environment variables:</p>
 539 </div>
 540 <div class="dlist">
 541 <dl>
 542 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER</code></dt>
 543 <dd>
 544 <p>The name and the e-mail address of the owner of the key that
 545 signed the push certificate.</p>
 546 </dd>
 547 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY</code></dt>
 548 <dd>
 549 <p>The GPG key ID of the key that signed the push certificate.</p>
 550 </dd>
 551 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS</code></dt>
 552 <dd>
 553 <p>The status of GPG verification of the push certificate,
 554 using the same mnemonic as used in %G? format of <code>git</code> <code>log</code>
 555 family of commands (see <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>).</p>
 556 </dd>
 557 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE</code></dt>
 558 <dd>
 559 <p>The nonce string the process asked the signer to include
 560 in the push certificate.  If this does not match the value
 561 recorded on the "nonce" header in the push certificate, it
 562 may indicate that the certificate is a valid one that is
 563 being replayed from a separate "git push" session.</p>
 564 </dd>
 565 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS</code></dt>
 566 <dd>
 567 <div class="dlist">
 568 <dl>
 569 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>UNSOLICITED</code></dt>
 570 <dd>
 571 <p>"git push --signed" sent a nonce when we did not ask it to
 572 send one.</p>
 573 </dd>
 574 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>MISSING</code></dt>
 575 <dd>
 576 <p>"git push --signed" did not send any nonce header.</p>
 577 </dd>
 578 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>BAD</code></dt>
 579 <dd>
 580 <p>"git push --signed" sent a bogus nonce.</p>
 581 </dd>
 582 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>OK</code></dt>
 583 <dd>
 584 <p>"git push --signed" sent the nonce we asked it to send.</p>
 585 </dd>
 586 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>SLOP</code></dt>
 587 <dd>
 588 <p>"git push --signed" sent a nonce different from what we
 589 asked it to send now, but in a previous session.  See
 590 <code>GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP</code> environment variable.</p>
 591 </dd>
 592 </dl>
 593 </div>
 594 </dd>
 595 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP</code></dt>
 596 <dd>
 597 <p>"git push --signed" sent a nonce different from what we
 598 asked it to send now, but in a different session whose
 599 starting time is different by this many seconds from the
 600 current session.  Only meaningful when
 601 <code>GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS</code> says <code>SLOP</code>.
 602 Also read about <code>receive.certNonceSlop</code> variable in
 603 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p>
 604 </dd>
 605 </dl>
 606 </div>
 607 <div class="paragraph">
 608 <p>This hook is called before any refname is updated and before any
 609 fast-forward checks are performed.</p>
 610 </div>
 611 <div class="paragraph">
 612 <p>If the pre-receive hook exits with a non-zero exit status no updates
 613 will be performed, and the update, post-receive and post-update
 614 hooks will not be invoked either.  This can be useful to quickly
 615 bail out if the update is not to be supported.</p>
 616 </div>
 617 <div class="paragraph">
 618 <p>See the notes on the quarantine environment below.</p>
 619 </div>
 620 </div>
 621 </div>
 622 <div class="sect1">
 623 <h2 id="_update_hook">UPDATE HOOK</h2>
 624 <div class="sectionbody">
 625 <div class="paragraph">
 626 <p>Before each ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/update file exists
 627 and is executable, it is invoked once per ref, with three parameters:</p>
 628 </div>
 629 <div class="literalblock">
 630 <div class="content">
 631 <pre>$GIT_DIR/hooks/update refname sha1-old sha1-new</pre>
 632 </div>
 633 </div>
 634 <div class="paragraph">
 635 <p>The refname parameter is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the master
 636 head this is "refs/heads/master".  The two sha1 arguments are
 637 the object names for the refname before and after the update.
 638 Note that the hook is called before the refname is updated,
 639 so either sha1-old is 0{40} (meaning there is no such ref yet),
 640 or it should match what is recorded in refname.</p>
 641 </div>
 642 <div class="paragraph">
 643 <p>The hook should exit with non-zero status if it wants to disallow
 644 updating the named ref.  Otherwise it should exit with zero.</p>
 645 </div>
 646 <div class="paragraph">
 647 <p>Successful execution (a zero exit status) of this hook does not
 648 ensure the ref will actually be updated, it is only a prerequisite.
 649 As such it is not a good idea to send notices (e.g. email) from
 650 this hook.  Consider using the post-receive hook instead.</p>
 651 </div>
 652 </div>
 653 </div>
 654 <div class="sect1">
 655 <h2 id="_post_receive_hook">POST-RECEIVE HOOK</h2>
 656 <div class="sectionbody">
 657 <div class="paragraph">
 658 <p>After all refs were updated (or attempted to be updated), if any
 659 ref update was successful, and if $GIT_DIR/hooks/post-receive
 660 file exists and is executable, it will be invoked once with no
 661 parameters.  The standard input of the hook will be one line
 662 for each successfully updated ref:</p>
 663 </div>
 664 <div class="literalblock">
 665 <div class="content">
 666 <pre>sha1-old SP sha1-new SP refname LF</pre>
 667 </div>
 668 </div>
 669 <div class="paragraph">
 670 <p>The refname value is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the master
 671 head this is "refs/heads/master".  The two sha1 values before
 672 each refname are the object names for the refname before and after
 673 the update.  Refs that were created will have sha1-old equal to
 674 0{40}, while refs that were deleted will have sha1-new equal to
 675 0{40}, otherwise sha1-old and sha1-new should be valid objects in
 676 the repository.</p>
 677 </div>
 678 <div class="paragraph">
 679 <p>The <code>GIT_PUSH_CERT</code>* environment variables can be inspected, just as
 680 in <code>pre-receive</code> hook, after accepting a signed push.</p>
 681 </div>
 682 <div class="paragraph">
 683 <p>Using this hook, it is easy to generate mails describing the updates
 684 to the repository.  This example script sends one mail message per
 685 ref listing the commits pushed to the repository, and logs the push
 686 certificates of signed pushes with good signatures to a logger
 687 service:</p>
 688 </div>
 689 <div class="listingblock">
 690 <div class="content">
 691 <pre>#!/bin/sh
 692 # mail out commit update information.
 693 while read oval nval ref
 694 do
 695         if expr "$oval" : '0*$' &gt;/dev/null
 696         then
 697                 echo "Created a new ref, with the following commits:"
 698                 git rev-list --pretty "$nval"
 699         else
 700                 echo "New commits:"
 701                 git rev-list --pretty "$nval" "^$oval"
 702         fi |
 703         mail -s "Changes to ref $ref" commit-list@mydomain
 704 done
 705 # log signed push certificate, if any
 706 if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}" &amp;&amp; test ${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS} = G
 707 then
 708         (
 709                 echo expected nonce is ${GIT_PUSH_NONCE}
 710                 git cat-file blob ${GIT_PUSH_CERT}
 711         ) | mail -s "push certificate from $GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER" push-log@mydomain
 712 fi
 713 exit 0</pre>
 714 </div>
 715 </div>
 716 <div class="paragraph">
 717 <p>The exit code from this hook invocation is ignored, however a
 718 non-zero exit code will generate an error message.</p>
 719 </div>
 720 <div class="paragraph">
 721 <p>Note that it is possible for refname to not have sha1-new when this
 722 hook runs.  This can easily occur if another user modifies the ref
 723 after it was updated by <em>git-receive-pack</em>, but before the hook was able
 724 to evaluate it.  It is recommended that hooks rely on sha1-new
 725 rather than the current value of refname.</p>
 726 </div>
 727 </div>
 728 </div>
 729 <div class="sect1">
 730 <h2 id="_post_update_hook">POST-UPDATE HOOK</h2>
 731 <div class="sectionbody">
 732 <div class="paragraph">
 733 <p>After all other processing, if at least one ref was updated, and
 734 if $GIT_DIR/hooks/post-update file exists and is executable, then
 735 post-update will be called with the list of refs that have been updated.
 736 This can be used to implement any repository wide cleanup tasks.</p>
 737 </div>
 738 <div class="paragraph">
 739 <p>The exit code from this hook invocation is ignored; the only thing
 740 left for <em>git-receive-pack</em> to do at that point is to exit itself
 741 anyway.</p>
 742 </div>
 743 <div class="paragraph">
 744 <p>This hook can be used, for example, to run <code>git</code> <code>update-server-info</code>
 745 if the repository is packed and is served via a dumb transport.</p>
 746 </div>
 747 <div class="listingblock">
 748 <div class="content">
 749 <pre>#!/bin/sh
 750 exec git update-server-info</pre>
 751 </div>
 752 </div>
 753 </div>
 754 </div>
 755 <div class="sect1">
 756 <h2 id="_quarantine_environment">QUARANTINE ENVIRONMENT</h2>
 757 <div class="sectionbody">
 758 <div class="paragraph">
 759 <p>When <code>receive-pack</code> takes in objects, they are placed into a temporary
 760 "quarantine" directory within the <code>$GIT_DIR/objects</code> directory and
 761 migrated into the main object store only after the <code>pre-receive</code> hook
 762 has completed. If the push fails before then, the temporary directory is
 763 removed entirely.</p>
 764 </div>
 765 <div class="paragraph">
 766 <p>This has a few user-visible effects and caveats:</p>
 767 </div>
 768 <div class="olist arabic">
 769 <ol class="arabic">
 770 <li>
 771 <p>Pushes which fail due to problems with the incoming pack, missing
 772 objects, or due to the <code>pre-receive</code> hook will not leave any
 773 on-disk data. This is usually helpful to prevent repeated failed
 774 pushes from filling up your disk, but can make debugging more
 775 challenging.</p>
 776 </li>
 777 <li>
 778 <p>Any objects created by the <code>pre-receive</code> hook will be created in
 779 the quarantine directory (and migrated only if it succeeds).</p>
 780 </li>
 781 <li>
 782 <p>The <code>pre-receive</code> hook MUST NOT update any refs to point to
 783 quarantined objects. Other programs accessing the repository will
 784 not be able to see the objects (and if the pre-receive hook fails,
 785 those refs would become corrupted). For safety, any ref updates
 786 from within <code>pre-receive</code> are automatically rejected.</p>
 787 </li>
 788 </ol>
 789 </div>
 790 </div>
 791 </div>
 792 <div class="sect1">
 793 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
 794 <div class="sectionbody">
 795 <div class="paragraph">
 796 <p><a href="git-send-pack.html">git-send-pack(1)</a>, <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a></p>
 797 </div>
 798 </div>
 799 </div>
 800 <div class="sect1">
 801 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 802 <div class="sectionbody">
 803 <div class="paragraph">
 804 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 805 </div>
 806 </div>
 807 </div>
 808 </div>
 809 <div id="footer">
 810 <div id="footer-text">
 811 Last updated 2023-10-23 14:43:46 -0700
 812 </div>
 813 </div>
 814 </body>
 815 </html>