howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html

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 440 </head>
 441 <body class="article">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1>
 444 <div class="details">
 445 <span id="revdate">2024-11-20</span>
 446 </div>
 447 </div>
 448 <div id="content">
 449 <div id="preamble">
 450 <div class="sectionbody">
 451 <div class="admonitionblock note">
 452 <table>
 453 <tr>
 454 <td class="icon">
 455 <div class="title">Note</div>
 456 </td>
 457 <td class="content">
 458 This document is from 2006.  A lot has happened since then, and this
 459 document is now relevant mainly if your web host is not CGI capable.
 460 Almost everyone else should instead look at <a href="../git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a>.
 461 </td>
 462 </tr>
 463 </table>
 464 </div>
 465 <div class="paragraph">
 466 <p>Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile
 467 themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat&#8217;s dream Debian, it is
 468 impossible to give guidelines which will work for everyone. Just send
 469 some feedback to the mailing list at <a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a> to get this
 470 document tailored to your favorite distro.</p>
 471 </div>
 472 <div class="paragraph">
 473 <p>What&#8217;s needed:</p>
 474 </div>
 475 <div class="ulist">
 476 <ul>
 477 <li>
 478 <p>Have an Apache web-server</p>
 479 <div class="literalblock">
 480 <div class="content">
 481 <pre>On Debian:
 482   $ apt-get install apache2
 483   To get apache2 by default started,
 484   edit /etc/default/apache2 and set NO_START=0</pre>
 485 </div>
 486 </div>
 487 </li>
 488 <li>
 489 <p>can edit the configuration of it.</p>
 490 <div class="literalblock">
 491 <div class="content">
 492 <pre>This could be found under /etc/httpd, or refer to your Apache documentation.</pre>
 493 </div>
 494 </div>
 495 <div class="literalblock">
 496 <div class="content">
 497 <pre>On Debian: this means being able to edit files under /etc/apache2</pre>
 498 </div>
 499 </div>
 500 </li>
 501 <li>
 502 <p>can restart it.</p>
 503 <div class="literalblock">
 504 <div class="content">
 505 <pre>'apachectl --graceful' might do. If it doesn't, just stop and
 506 restart apache. Be warning that active connections to your server
 507 might be aborted by this.</pre>
 508 </div>
 509 </div>
 510 <div class="literalblock">
 511 <div class="content">
 512 <pre>On Debian:
 513   $ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
 514 or
 515   $ /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload
 516   (which seems to do the same)
 517 This adds symlinks from the /etc/apache2/mods-enabled to
 518 /etc/apache2/mods-available.</pre>
 519 </div>
 520 </div>
 521 </li>
 522 <li>
 523 <p>have permissions to chown a directory</p>
 524 </li>
 525 <li>
 526 <p>have Git installed on the client, and</p>
 527 </li>
 528 <li>
 529 <p>either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
 530 the client.</p>
 531 </li>
 532 </ul>
 533 </div>
 534 <div class="paragraph">
 535 <p>In effect, this means you&#8217;re going to be root, or that you&#8217;re using a
 536 preconfigured WebDAV server.</p>
 537 </div>
 538 </div>
 539 </div>
 540 <div class="sect1">
 541 <h2 id="_step_1_setup_a_bare_git_repository">Step 1: setup a bare Git repository</h2>
 542 <div class="sectionbody">
 543 <div class="paragraph">
 544 <p>At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git
 545 repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another
 546 option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy
 547 it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git
 548 is not installed on the server).</p>
 549 </div>
 550 <div class="paragraph">
 551 <p>Create the directory under the DocumentRoot of the directories served
 552 by Apache. As an example we take /usr/local/apache2, but try "grep
 553 DocumentRoot /where/ever/httpd.conf" to find your root:</p>
 554 </div>
 555 <div class="literalblock">
 556 <div class="content">
 557 <pre>$ cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs
 558 $ mkdir my-new-repo.git</pre>
 559 </div>
 560 </div>
 561 <div class="literalblock">
 562 <div class="content">
 563 <pre>On Debian:</pre>
 564 </div>
 565 </div>
 566 <div class="literalblock">
 567 <div class="content">
 568 <pre>$ cd /var/www
 569 $ mkdir my-new-repo.git</pre>
 570 </div>
 571 </div>
 572 <div class="paragraph">
 573 <p>Initialize a bare repository</p>
 574 </div>
 575 <div class="literalblock">
 576 <div class="content">
 577 <pre>$ cd my-new-repo.git
 578 $ git --bare init</pre>
 579 </div>
 580 </div>
 581 <div class="paragraph">
 582 <p>Change the ownership to your web-server&#8217;s credentials. Use "grep <code>^User</code>
 583 <code>httpd.conf</code>" and "grep <code>^Group</code> <code>httpd.conf</code>" to find out:</p>
 584 </div>
 585 <div class="literalblock">
 586 <div class="content">
 587 <pre>$ chown -R www.www .</pre>
 588 </div>
 589 </div>
 590 <div class="literalblock">
 591 <div class="content">
 592 <pre>On Debian:</pre>
 593 </div>
 594 </div>
 595 <div class="literalblock">
 596 <div class="content">
 597 <pre>$ chown -R www-data.www-data .</pre>
 598 </div>
 599 </div>
 600 <div class="paragraph">
 601 <p>If you do not know which user Apache runs as, you can alternatively do
 602 a "chmod -R a+w .", inspect the files which are created later on, and
 603 set the permissions appropriately.</p>
 604 </div>
 605 <div class="paragraph">
 606 <p>Restart apache2, and check whether <a href="http://server/my-new-repo.git" class="bare">http://server/my-new-repo.git</a> gives
 607 a directory listing. If not, check whether apache started up
 608 successfully.</p>
 609 </div>
 610 </div>
 611 </div>
 612 <div class="sect1">
 613 <h2 id="_step_2_enable_dav_on_this_repository">Step 2: enable DAV on this repository</h2>
 614 <div class="sectionbody">
 615 <div class="paragraph">
 616 <p>First make sure the dav_module is loaded. For this, insert in httpd.conf:</p>
 617 </div>
 618 <div class="literalblock">
 619 <div class="content">
 620 <pre>LoadModule dav_module libexec/httpd/libdav.so
 621 AddModule mod_dav.c</pre>
 622 </div>
 623 </div>
 624 <div class="paragraph">
 625 <p>Also make sure that this line exists which is the file used for
 626 locking DAV operations:</p>
 627 </div>
 628 <div class="literalblock">
 629 <div class="content">
 630 <pre>DAVLockDB "/usr/local/apache2/temp/DAV.lock"</pre>
 631 </div>
 632 </div>
 633 <div class="literalblock">
 634 <div class="content">
 635 <pre>On Debian these steps can be performed with:</pre>
 636 </div>
 637 </div>
 638 <div class="literalblock">
 639 <div class="content">
 640 <pre>Enable the dav and dav_fs modules of apache:
 641 $ a2enmod dav_fs
 642 (just to be sure. dav_fs might be unneeded, I don't know)
 643 $ a2enmod dav
 644 The DAV lock is located in /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_fs.conf:
 645   DAVLockDB /var/lock/apache2/DAVLock</pre>
 646 </div>
 647 </div>
 648 <div class="paragraph">
 649 <p>Of course, it can point somewhere else, but the string is actually just a
 650 prefix in some Apache configurations, and therefore the <em>directory</em> has to
 651 be writable by the user Apache runs as.</p>
 652 </div>
 653 <div class="paragraph">
 654 <p>Then, add something like this to your httpd.conf</p>
 655 </div>
 656 <div class="literalblock">
 657 <div class="content">
 658 <pre>&lt;Location /my-new-repo.git&gt;
 659    DAV on
 660    AuthType Basic
 661    AuthName "Git"
 662    AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git
 663    Require valid-user
 664 &lt;/Location&gt;</pre>
 665 </div>
 666 </div>
 667 <div class="literalblock">
 668 <div class="content">
 669 <pre>On Debian:
 670   Create (or add to) /etc/apache2/conf.d/git.conf :</pre>
 671 </div>
 672 </div>
 673 <div class="literalblock">
 674 <div class="content">
 675 <pre>&lt;Location /my-new-repo.git&gt;
 676    DAV on
 677    AuthType Basic
 678    AuthName "Git"
 679    AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/passwd.git
 680    Require valid-user
 681 &lt;/Location&gt;</pre>
 682 </div>
 683 </div>
 684 <div class="literalblock">
 685 <div class="content">
 686 <pre>Debian automatically reads all files under /etc/apache2/conf.d.</pre>
 687 </div>
 688 </div>
 689 <div class="paragraph">
 690 <p>The password file can be somewhere else, but it has to be readable by
 691 Apache and preferably not readable by the world.</p>
 692 </div>
 693 <div class="paragraph">
 694 <p>Create this file by
 695     $ htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git &lt;user&gt;</p>
 696 </div>
 697 <div class="literalblock">
 698 <div class="content">
 699 <pre>On Debian:
 700   $ htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/passwd.git &lt;user&gt;</pre>
 701 </div>
 702 </div>
 703 <div class="paragraph">
 704 <p>You will be asked a password, and the file is created. Subsequent calls
 705 to htpasswd should omit the <em>-c</em> option, since you want to append to the
 706 existing file.</p>
 707 </div>
 708 <div class="paragraph">
 709 <p>You need to restart Apache.</p>
 710 </div>
 711 <div class="paragraph">
 712 <p>Now go to <a href="http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git" class="bare">http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git</a> in your
 713 browser to check whether it asks for a password and accepts the right
 714 password.</p>
 715 </div>
 716 <div class="paragraph">
 717 <p>On Debian:</p>
 718 </div>
 719 <div class="literalblock">
 720 <div class="content">
 721 <pre>To test the WebDAV part, do:</pre>
 722 </div>
 723 </div>
 724 <div class="literalblock">
 725 <div class="content">
 726 <pre>$ apt-get install litmus
 727 $ litmus http://&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git &lt;username&gt; &lt;password&gt;</pre>
 728 </div>
 729 </div>
 730 <div class="literalblock">
 731 <div class="content">
 732 <pre>Most tests should pass.</pre>
 733 </div>
 734 </div>
 735 <div class="paragraph">
 736 <p>A command-line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for
 737 example, konqueror can open WebDAV URLs as "webdav://&#8230;&#8203;" or
 738 "webdavs://&#8230;&#8203;".</p>
 739 </div>
 740 <div class="paragraph">
 741 <p>If you&#8217;re into Windows, from XP onwards Internet Explorer supports
 742 WebDAV. For this, do Internet Explorer &#8594; Open Location &#8594;
 743 <a href="http://&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git" class="bare">http://&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git</a> [x] Open as webfolder &#8594; login .</p>
 744 </div>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div class="sect1">
 748 <h2 id="_step_3_setup_the_client">Step 3: setup the client</h2>
 749 <div class="sectionbody">
 750 <div class="paragraph">
 751 <p>Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with
 752 libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command <em>git http-push</em> with
 753 no argument should display a usage message.</p>
 754 </div>
 755 <div class="paragraph">
 756 <p>Then, add the following to your $HOME/.netrc (you can do without, but will be
 757 asked to input your password a <em>lot</em> of times):</p>
 758 </div>
 759 <div class="literalblock">
 760 <div class="content">
 761 <pre>machine &lt;servername&gt;
 762 login &lt;username&gt;
 763 password &lt;password&gt;</pre>
 764 </div>
 765 </div>
 766 <div class="paragraph">
 767 <p>&#8230;&#8203;and set permissions:
 768      chmod 600 ~/.netrc</p>
 769 </div>
 770 <div class="paragraph">
 771 <p>If you want to access the web-server by its IP, you have to type that in,
 772 instead of the server name.</p>
 773 </div>
 774 <div class="paragraph">
 775 <p>To check whether all is OK, do:</p>
 776 </div>
 777 <div class="literalblock">
 778 <div class="content">
 779 <pre>curl --netrc --location -v http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git/HEAD</pre>
 780 </div>
 781 </div>
 782 <div class="paragraph">
 783 <p>&#8230;&#8203;this should give something like <em>ref: refs/heads/master</em>, which is
 784 the content of the file HEAD on the server.</p>
 785 </div>
 786 <div class="paragraph">
 787 <p>Now, add the remote in your existing repository which contains the project
 788 you want to export:</p>
 789 </div>
 790 <div class="literalblock">
 791 <div class="content">
 792 <pre>$ git-config remote.upload.url \
 793     http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git/</pre>
 794 </div>
 795 </div>
 796 <div class="paragraph">
 797 <p>It is important to put the last <em>/</em>; Without it, the server will send
 798 a redirect which git-http-push does not (yet) understand, and git-http-push
 799 will repeat the request infinitely.</p>
 800 </div>
 801 </div>
 802 </div>
 803 <div class="sect1">
 804 <h2 id="_step_4_make_the_initial_push">Step 4: make the initial push</h2>
 805 <div class="sectionbody">
 806 <div class="paragraph">
 807 <p>From your client repository, do</p>
 808 </div>
 809 <div class="literalblock">
 810 <div class="content">
 811 <pre>$ git push upload master</pre>
 812 </div>
 813 </div>
 814 <div class="paragraph">
 815 <p>This pushes branch <em>master</em> (which is assumed to be the branch you
 816 want to export) to repository called <em>upload</em>, which we previously
 817 defined with git-config.</p>
 818 </div>
 819 </div>
 820 </div>
 821 <div class="sect1">
 822 <h2 id="_using_a_proxy">Using a proxy:</h2>
 823 <div class="sectionbody">
 824 <div class="paragraph">
 825 <p>If you have to access the WebDAV server from behind an HTTP(S) proxy,
 826 set the variable <em>all_proxy</em> to <code>http://proxy-host.com:port</code>, or
 827 <code>http://login-on-proxy:passwd-on-proxy@proxy-host.com:port</code>. See <em>man
 828 curl</em> for details.</p>
 829 </div>
 830 </div>
 831 </div>
 832 <div class="sect1">
 833 <h2 id="_troubleshooting">Troubleshooting:</h2>
 834 <div class="sectionbody">
 835 <div class="paragraph">
 836 <p>If git-http-push says</p>
 837 </div>
 838 <div class="literalblock">
 839 <div class="content">
 840 <pre>Error: no DAV locking support on remote repo http://...</pre>
 841 </div>
 842 </div>
 843 <div class="paragraph">
 844 <p>then it means the web-server did not accept your authentication. Make sure
 845 that the user name and password matches in httpd.conf, .netrc and the URL
 846 you are uploading to.</p>
 847 </div>
 848 <div class="paragraph">
 849 <p>If git-http-push shows you an error (22/502) when trying to MOVE a blob,
 850 it means that your web-server somehow does not recognize its name in the
 851 request; This can happen when you start Apache, but then disable the
 852 network interface. A simple restart of Apache helps.</p>
 853 </div>
 854 <div class="paragraph">
 855 <p>Errors like (22/502) are of format (curl error code/http error
 856 code). So (22/404) means something like <em>not found</em> at the server.</p>
 857 </div>
 858 <div class="paragraph">
 859 <p>Reading /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log is often helpful.</p>
 860 </div>
 861 <div class="literalblock">
 862 <div class="content">
 863 <pre>On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.</pre>
 864 </div>
 865 </div>
 866 <div class="paragraph">
 867 <p>If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL
 868 certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can
 869 help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.</p>
 870 </div>
 871 <div class="paragraph">
 872 <p>Debian References: <a href="http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285" class="bare">http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285</a></p>
 873 </div>
 874 <div class="paragraph">
 875 <p>Authors
 876   Johannes Schindelin &lt;<a href="mailto:Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de">Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de</a>&gt;
 877   Rutger Nijlunsing &lt;<a href="mailto:git@wingding.demon.nl">git@wingding.demon.nl</a>&gt;
 878   Matthieu Moy &lt;<a href="mailto:Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr">Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr</a>&gt;</p>
 879 </div>
 880 </div>
 881 </div>
 882 </div>
 883 <div id="footer">
 884 <div id="footer-text">
 885 Last updated 2024-11-20 15:41:29 +0900
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