howto/update-hook-example.html

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 441 <body class="article">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>How to use the update hook</h1>
 444 </div>
 445 <div id="content">
 446 <div class="paragraph">
 447 <p>When your developer runs git-push into the repository,
 448 git-receive-pack is run (either locally or over ssh) as that
 449 developer, so is hooks/update script.  Quoting from the relevant
 450 section of the documentation:</p>
 451 </div>
 452 <div class="literalblock">
 453 <div class="content">
 454 <pre>Before each ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/update file exists
 455 and executable, it is called with three parameters:</pre>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="literalblock">
 459 <div class="content">
 460 <pre>$GIT_DIR/hooks/update refname sha1-old sha1-new</pre>
 461 </div>
 462 </div>
 463 <div class="literalblock">
 464 <div class="content">
 465 <pre>The refname parameter is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the
 466 master head this is "refs/heads/master".  Two sha1 are the
 467 object names for the refname before and after the update.  Note
 468 that the hook is called before the refname is updated, so either
 469 sha1-old is 0{40} (meaning there is no such ref yet), or it
 470 should match what is recorded in refname.</pre>
 471 </div>
 472 </div>
 473 <div class="paragraph">
 474 <p>So if your policy is (1) always require fast-forward push
 475 (i.e. never allow "git-push repo +branch:branch"), (2) you
 476 have a list of users allowed to update each branch, and (3) you
 477 do not let tags to be overwritten, then you can use something
 478 like this as your hooks/update script.</p>
 479 </div>
 480 <div class="paragraph">
 481 <p>[jc: editorial note.  This is a much improved version by Carl
 482 since I posted the original outline]</p>
 483 </div>
 484 <div class="listingblock">
 485 <div class="content">
 486 <pre>#!/bin/bash
 487
 488 umask 002
 489
 490 # If you are having trouble with this access control hook script
 491 # you can try setting this to true.  It will tell you exactly
 492 # why a user is being allowed/denied access.
 493
 494 verbose=false
 495
 496 # Default shell globbing messes things up downstream
 497 GLOBIGNORE=*
 498
 499 function grant {
 500   $verbose &amp;&amp; echo &gt;&amp;2 "-Grant-         $1"
 501   echo grant
 502   exit 0
 503 }
 504
 505 function deny {
 506   $verbose &amp;&amp; echo &gt;&amp;2 "-Deny-          $1"
 507   echo deny
 508   exit 1
 509 }
 510
 511 function info {
 512   $verbose &amp;&amp; echo &gt;&amp;2 "-Info-          $1"
 513 }
 514
 515 # Implement generic branch and tag policies.
 516 # - Tags should not be updated once created.
 517 # - Branches should only be fast-forwarded unless their pattern starts with '+'
 518 case "$1" in
 519   refs/tags/*)
 520     git rev-parse --verify -q "$1" &amp;&amp;
 521     deny &gt;/dev/null "You can't overwrite an existing tag"
 522     ;;
 523   refs/heads/*)
 524     # No rebasing or rewinding
 525     if expr "$2" : '0*$' &gt;/dev/null; then
 526       info "The branch '$1' is new..."
 527     else
 528       # updating -- make sure it is a fast-forward
 529       mb=$(git merge-base "$2" "$3")
 530       case "$mb,$2" in
 531         "$2,$mb") info "Update is fast-forward" ;;
 532         *)        noff=y; info "This is not a fast-forward update.";;
 533       esac
 534     fi
 535     ;;
 536   *)
 537     deny &gt;/dev/null \
 538     "Branch is not under refs/heads or refs/tags.  What are you trying to do?"
 539     ;;
 540 esac
 541
 542 # Implement per-branch controls based on username
 543 allowed_users_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users
 544 username=$(id -u -n)
 545 info "The user is: '$username'"
 546
 547 if test -f "$allowed_users_file"
 548 then
 549   rc=$(grep -Ev '^(#|$)' $allowed_users_file |
 550     while read heads user_patterns
 551     do
 552       # does this rule apply to us?
 553       head_pattern=${heads#+}
 554       matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
 555       test "$matchlen" = ${#1} || continue
 556
 557       # if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
 558       test -n "$noff" &amp;&amp;
 559       test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" &amp;&amp; continue
 560
 561       info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
 562       for user_pattern in $user_patterns; do
 563         info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
 564         matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
 565         if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
 566         then
 567           grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
 568         fi
 569       done
 570       deny "The user is not in the access list for this branch"
 571     done
 572   )
 573   case "$rc" in
 574     grant) grant &gt;/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
 575     deny)  deny  &gt;/dev/null "Denying  access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
 576     *) ;;
 577   esac
 578 fi
 579
 580 allowed_groups_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-groups
 581 groups=$(id -G -n)
 582 info "The user belongs to the following groups:"
 583 info "'$groups'"
 584
 585 if test -f "$allowed_groups_file"
 586 then
 587   rc=$(grep -Ev '^(#|$)' $allowed_groups_file |
 588     while read heads group_patterns
 589     do
 590       # does this rule apply to us?
 591       head_pattern=${heads#+}
 592       matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
 593       test "$matchlen" = ${#1} || continue
 594
 595       # if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
 596       test -n "$noff" &amp;&amp;
 597       test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" &amp;&amp; continue
 598
 599       info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
 600       for group_pattern in $group_patterns; do
 601         for groupname in $groups; do
 602           info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
 603           matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
 604           if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
 605           then
 606             grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
 607           fi
 608         done
 609       done
 610       deny "None of the user's groups are in the access list for this branch"
 611     done
 612   )
 613   case "$rc" in
 614     grant) grant &gt;/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
 615     deny)  deny  &gt;/dev/null "Denying  access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
 616     *) ;;
 617   esac
 618 fi
 619
 620 deny &gt;/dev/null "There are no more rules to check.  Denying access"</pre>
 621 </div>
 622 </div>
 623 <div class="paragraph">
 624 <p>This uses two files, $GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users and
 625 allowed-groups, to describe which heads can be pushed into by
 626 whom.  The format of each file would look like this:</p>
 627 </div>
 628 <div class="literalblock">
 629 <div class="content">
 630 <pre>refs/heads/master   junio
 631 +refs/heads/seen    junio
 632 refs/heads/cogito$  pasky
 633 refs/heads/bw/.*    linus
 634 refs/heads/tmp/.*   .*
 635 refs/tags/v[0-9].*  junio</pre>
 636 </div>
 637 </div>
 638 <div class="paragraph">
 639 <p>With this, Linus can push or create "bw/penguin" or "bw/zebra"
 640 or "bw/panda" branches, Pasky can do only "cogito", and JC can
 641 do master and "seen" branches and make versioned tags.  And anybody
 642 can do tmp/blah branches. The <em>+</em> sign at the "seen" record means
 643 that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.</p>
 644 </div>
 645 </div>
 646 <div id="footer">
 647 <div id="footer-text">
 648 Last updated 2025-01-10 09:40:20 -0800
 649 </div>
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