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4 <meta charset=
"UTF-8"/>
5 <meta http-equiv=
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6 <meta name=
"viewport" content=
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7 <meta name=
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"Asciidoctor 2.0.20"/>
8 <title>Multi-Pack-Index (MIDX) Design Notes
</title>
9 <link rel=
"stylesheet" href=
"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
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14 html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
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16 a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
17 a:active,a:hover{outline:
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18 h1{font-size:
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19 b,strong{font-weight:bold}
21 abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:
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22 dfn{font-style:italic}
24 mark{background:#ff0;color:#
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25 code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:
1em}
26 pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
27 q{quotes:
"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"}
29 sub,sup{font-size:
75%;line-height:
0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}
33 svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
35 audio,video{display:inline-block}
36 audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:
0}
37 fieldset{border:
1px solid silver;margin:
0 2px;padding:
.35em
.625em
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38 legend{border:
0;padding:
0}
39 button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:
100%;margin:
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40 button,input{line-height:normal}
41 button,select{text-transform:none}
42 button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
43 button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
44 input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{padding:
0}
45 button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:
0;padding:
0}
46 textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}
47 table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:
0}
48 *,::before,::after{box-sizing:border-box}
49 html,body{font-size:
100%}
50 body{background:#fff;color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.8);padding:
0;margin:
0;font-family:
"Noto Serif",
"DejaVu Serif",serif;line-height:
1;position:relative;cursor:auto;-moz-tab-size:
4;-o-tab-size:
4;tab-size:
4;word-wrap:anywhere;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
51 a:hover{cursor:pointer}
52 img,object,embed{max-width:
100%;height:auto}
53 object,embed{height:
100%}
54 img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
55 .left{float:left!important}
56 .right{float:right!important}
57 .text-left{text-align:left!important}
58 .text-right{text-align:right!important}
59 .text-center{text-align:center!important}
60 .text-justify{text-align:justify!important}
62 img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
63 textarea{height:auto;min-height:
50px}
65 .subheader,.admonitionblock td.content
>.title,.audioblock
>.title,.exampleblock
>.title,.imageblock
>.title,.listingblock
>.title,.literalblock
>.title,.stemblock
>.title,.openblock
>.title,.paragraph
>.title,.quoteblock
>.title,table.tableblock
>.title,.verseblock
>.title,.videoblock
>.title,.dlist
>.title,.olist
>.title,.ulist
>.title,.qlist
>.title,.hdlist
>.title{line-height:
1.45;color:#
7a2518;font-weight:
400;margin-top:
0;margin-bottom:
.25em}
66 div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:
0;padding:
0}
67 a{color:#
2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
68 a:hover,a:focus{color:#
1d4b8f}
70 p{line-height:
1.6;margin-bottom:
1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
71 p aside{font-size:
.875em;line-height:
1.35;font-style:italic}
72 h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:
"Open Sans",
"DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:
300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:
1em;margin-bottom:
.5em;line-height:
1.0125em}
73 h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,#toctitle small,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{font-size:
60%;color:#e99b8f;line-height:
0}
75 h2{font-size:
1.6875em}
76 h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title{font-size:
1.375em}
77 h4,h5{font-size:
1.125em}
79 hr{border:solid #dddddf;border-width:
1px
0 0;clear:both;margin:
1.25em
0 1.1875em}
80 em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit}
81 strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit}
82 small{font-size:
60%;line-height:inherit}
83 code{font-family:
"Droid Sans Mono",
"DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:
400;color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.9)}
84 ul,ol,dl{line-height:
1.6;margin-bottom:
1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit}
85 ul,ol{margin-left:
1.5em}
86 ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:
1.25em;margin-bottom:
0}
87 ul.circle{list-style-type:circle}
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93 dl dd{margin-bottom:
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94 blockquote{margin:
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1.25em
0 1.1875em;border-left:
1px solid #ddd}
95 blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:
1.6;color:rgba(
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.85)}
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101 table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:
1.25em;border:
1px solid #dedede;word-wrap:normal}
102 table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7}
103 table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:
.5em
.625em
.625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.8);text-align:left}
104 table tr th,table tr td{padding:
.5625em
.625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.8)}
105 table tr.even,table tr.alt{background:#f8f8f7}
106 table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{line-height:
1.6}
107 h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:
1.2;word-spacing:-
.05em}
108 h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:
400}
109 .center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
111 .clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:
" ";display:table}
112 .clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both}
113 :not(pre).nobreak{word-wrap:normal}
114 :not(pre).nowrap{white-space:nowrap}
115 :not(pre).pre-wrap{white-space:pre-wrap}
116 :not(pre):not([class^=L])
>code{font-size:
.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:
0;padding:
.1em
.5ex;word-spacing:-
.15em;background:#f7f7f8;border-radius:
4px;line-height:
1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
117 pre{color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.9);font-family:
"Droid Sans Mono",
"DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;line-height:
1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
118 pre code,pre pre{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}
119 pre
>code{display:block}
120 pre.nowrap,pre.nowrap pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal}
121 em em{font-style:normal}
122 strong strong{font-weight:
400}
123 .keyseq{color:rgba(
51,
51,
51,
.8)}
124 kbd{font-family:
"Droid Sans Mono",
"DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.8);font-size:
.65em;line-height:
1.45;background:#f7f7f7;border:
1px solid #ccc;border-radius:
3px;box-shadow:
0 1px
0 rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.2),inset
0 0 0 .1em #fff;margin:
0 .15em;padding:
.2em
.5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-
.1em;white-space:nowrap}
125 .keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:
0}
126 .keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:
0}
127 .menuseq,.menuref{color:#
000}
128 .menuseq b:not(.caret),.menuref{font-weight:inherit}
129 .menuseq{word-spacing:-
.02em}
130 .menuseq b.caret{font-size:
1.25em;line-height:
.8}
131 .menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:
.45em}
132 b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-
1px;font-weight:
400}
133 b.button::before{content:
"[";padding:
0 3px
0 2px}
134 b.button::after{content:
"]";padding:
0 2px
0 3px}
135 p a
>code:hover{color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.9)}
136 #header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:
100%;margin:
0 auto;max-width:
62.5em;*zoom:
1;position:relative;padding-left:
.9375em;padding-right:
.9375em}
137 #header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:
" ";display:table}
138 #header::after,#content::after,#footnotes::after,#footer::after{clear:both}
139 #content{margin-top:
1.25em}
140 #content::before{content:none}
141 #header
>h1:first-child{color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.85);margin-top:
2.25rem;margin-bottom:
0}
142 #header
>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:
8px;border-top:
1px solid #dddddf}
143 #header
>h1:only-child,body.toc2 #header
>h1:nth-last-child(
2){border-bottom:
1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:
8px}
144 #header .details{border-bottom:
1px solid #dddddf;line-height:
1.45;padding-top:
.25em;padding-bottom:
.25em;padding-left:
.25em;color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.6);display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap}
145 #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:-
.125em}
146 #header .details span.email a{color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.85)}
147 #header .details br{display:none}
148 #header .details br+span::before{content:
"\00a0\2013\00a0"}
149 #header .details br+span.author::before{content:
"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.85)}
150 #header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:
"\00a0|\00a0"}
151 #header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize}
152 #header #revnumber::after{content:
"\00a0"}
153 #content
>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.85);border-bottom:
1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:
8px;margin-top:
0;padding-top:
1rem;margin-bottom:
1.25rem}
154 #toc{border-bottom:
1px solid #e7e7e9;padding-bottom:
.5em}
155 #toc
>ul{margin-left:
.125em}
156 #toc ul.sectlevel0
>li
>a{font-style:italic}
157 #toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{margin:
.5em
0}
158 #toc ul{font-family:
"Open Sans",
"DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;list-style-type:none}
159 #toc li{line-height:
1.3334;margin-top:
.3334em}
160 #toc a{text-decoration:none}
161 #toc a:active{text-decoration:underline}
162 #toctitle{color:#
7a2518;font-size:
1.2em}
163 @media screen and (min-width:
768px){#toctitle{font-size:
1.375em}
164 body.toc2{padding-left:
15em;padding-right:
0}
165 #toc.toc2{margin-top:
0!important;background:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:
15em;left:
0;top:
0;border-right:
1px solid #e7e7e9;border-top-width:
0!important;border-bottom-width:
0!important;z-index:
1000;padding:
1.25em
1em;height:
100%;overflow:auto}
166 #toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:
0;margin-bottom:
.8rem;font-size:
1.2em}
167 #toc.toc2
>ul{font-size:
.9em;margin-bottom:
0}
168 #toc.toc2 ul ul{margin-left:
0;padding-left:
1em}
169 #toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{padding-left:
0;margin-top:
.5em;margin-bottom:
.5em}
170 body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:
0;padding-right:
15em}
171 body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2{border-right-width:
0;border-left:
1px solid #e7e7e9;left:auto;right:
0}}
172 @media screen and (min-width:
1280px){body.toc2{padding-left:
20em;padding-right:
0}
173 #toc.toc2{width:
20em}
174 #toc.toc2 #toctitle{font-size:
1.375em}
175 #toc.toc2
>ul{font-size:
.95em}
176 #toc.toc2 ul ul{padding-left:
1.25em}
177 body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:
0;padding-right:
20em}}
178 #content #toc{border:
1px solid #e0e0dc;margin-bottom:
1.25em;padding:
1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;border-radius:
4px}
179 #content #toc
>:first-child{margin-top:
0}
180 #content #toc
>:last-child{margin-bottom:
0}
181 #footer{max-width:none;background:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.8);padding:
1.25em}
182 #footer-text{color:hsla(
0,
0%,
100%,
.8);line-height:
1.44}
183 #content{margin-bottom:
.625em}
184 .sect1{padding-bottom:
.625em}
185 @media screen and (min-width:
768px){#content{margin-bottom:
1.25em}
186 .sect1{padding-bottom:
1.25em}}
187 .sect1:last-child{padding-bottom:
0}
188 .sect1+.sect1{border-top:
1px solid #e7e7e9}
189 #content h1
>a.anchor,h2
>a.anchor,h3
>a.anchor,#toctitle
>a.anchor,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title
>a.anchor,h4
>a.anchor,h5
>a.anchor,h6
>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:
1001;width:
1.5ex;margin-left:-
1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:
400}
190 #content h1
>a.anchor::before,h2
>a.anchor::before,h3
>a.anchor::before,#toctitle
>a.anchor::before,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title
>a.anchor::before,h4
>a.anchor::before,h5
>a.anchor::before,h6
>a.anchor::before{content:
"\00A7";font-size:
.85em;display:block;padding-top:
.1em}
191 #content h1:hover
>a.anchor,#content h1
>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover
>a.anchor,h2
>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover
>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover
>a.anchor,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title:hover
>a.anchor,h3
>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle
>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title
>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover
>a.anchor,h4
>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover
>a.anchor,h5
>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover
>a.anchor,h6
>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible}
192 #content h1
>a.link,h2
>a.link,h3
>a.link,#toctitle
>a.link,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title
>a.link,h4
>a.link,h5
>a.link,h6
>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none}
193 #content h1
>a.link:hover,h2
>a.link:hover,h3
>a.link:hover,#toctitle
>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock
>.content
>.title
>a.link:hover,h4
>a.link:hover,h5
>a.link:hover,h6
>a.link:hover{color:#a53221}
194 details,.audioblock,.imageblock,.literalblock,.listingblock,.stemblock,.videoblock{margin-bottom:
1.25em}
195 details{margin-left:
1.25rem}
196 details
>summary{cursor:pointer;display:block;position:relative;line-height:
1.6;margin-bottom:
.625rem;outline:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}
197 details
>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
198 details
>summary::before{content:
"";border:solid transparent;border-left:solid;border-width:
.3em
0 .3em
.5em;position:absolute;top:
.5em;left:-
1.25rem;transform:translateX(
15%)}
199 details[open]
>summary::before{border:solid transparent;border-top:solid;border-width:
.5em
.3em
0;transform:translateY(
15%)}
200 details
>summary::after{content:
"";width:
1.25rem;height:
1em;position:absolute;top:
.3em;left:-
1.25rem}
201 .admonitionblock td.content
>.title,.audioblock
>.title,.exampleblock
>.title,.imageblock
>.title,.listingblock
>.title,.literalblock
>.title,.stemblock
>.title,.openblock
>.title,.paragraph
>.title,.quoteblock
>.title,table.tableblock
>.title,.verseblock
>.title,.videoblock
>.title,.dlist
>.title,.olist
>.title,.ulist
>.title,.qlist
>.title,.hdlist
>.title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-align:left;font-family:
"Noto Serif",
"DejaVu Serif",serif;font-size:
1rem;font-style:italic}
202 table.tableblock.fit-content
>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;width:
0}
203 .paragraph.lead
>p,#preamble
>.sectionbody
>[class=paragraph]:first-of-type p{font-size:
1.21875em;line-height:
1.6;color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.85)}
204 .admonitionblock
>table{border-collapse:separate;border:
0;background:none;width:
100%}
205 .admonitionblock
>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:
80px}
206 .admonitionblock
>table td.icon img{max-width:none}
207 .admonitionblock
>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:
"Open Sans",
"DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}
208 .admonitionblock
>table td.content{padding-left:
1.125em;padding-right:
1.25em;border-left:
1px solid #dddddf;color:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.6);word-wrap:anywhere}
209 .admonitionblock
>table td.content
>:last-child
>:last-child{margin-bottom:
0}
210 .exampleblock
>.content{border:
1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-bottom:
1.25em;padding:
1.25em;background:#fff;border-radius:
4px}
211 .sidebarblock{border:
1px solid #dbdbd6;margin-bottom:
1.25em;padding:
1.25em;background:#f3f3f2;border-radius:
4px}
212 .sidebarblock
>.content
>.title{color:#
7a2518;margin-top:
0;text-align:center}
213 .exampleblock
>.content
>:first-child,.sidebarblock
>.content
>:first-child{margin-top:
0}
214 .exampleblock
>.content
>:last-child,.exampleblock
>.content
>:last-child
>:last-child,.exampleblock
>.content .olist
>ol
>li:last-child
>:last-child,.exampleblock
>.content .ulist
>ul
>li:last-child
>:last-child,.exampleblock
>.content .qlist
>ol
>li:last-child
>:last-child,.sidebarblock
>.content
>:last-child,.sidebarblock
>.content
>:last-child
>:last-child,.sidebarblock
>.content .olist
>ol
>li:last-child
>:last-child,.sidebarblock
>.content .ulist
>ul
>li:last-child
>:last-child,.sidebarblock
>.content .qlist
>ol
>li:last-child
>:last-child{margin-bottom:
0}
215 .literalblock pre,.listingblock
>.content
>pre{border-radius:
4px;overflow-x:auto;padding:
1em;font-size:
.8125em}
216 @media screen and (min-width:
768px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock
>.content
>pre{font-size:
.90625em}}
217 @media screen and (min-width:
1280px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock
>.content
>pre{font-size:
1em}}
218 .literalblock pre,.listingblock
>.content
>pre:not(.highlight),.listingblock
>.content
>pre[class=highlight],.listingblock
>.content
>pre[class^=
"highlight "]{background:#f7f7f8}
219 .literalblock.output pre{color:#f7f7f8;background:rgba(
0,
0,
0,
.9)}
220 .listingblock
>.content{position:relative}
221 .listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:none;content:attr(data-lang);position:absolute;font-size:
.75em;top:
.425rem;right:
.5rem;line-height:
1;text-transform:uppercase;color:inherit;opacity:
.5}
222 .listingblock:hover code[data-lang]::before{display:block}
223 .listingblock.terminal pre .command::before{content:attr(data-prompt);padding-right:
.5em;color:inherit;opacity:
.5}
224 .listingblock.terminal pre .command:not([data-prompt])::before{content:
"$"}
225 .listingblock pre.highlightjs{padding:
0}
226 .listingblock pre.highlightjs
>code{padding:
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436 <body class=
"article">
438 <h1>Multi-Pack-Index (MIDX) Design Notes
</h1>
442 <div class=
"sectionbody">
443 <div class=
"paragraph">
444 <p>The Git object directory contains a
<em>pack
</em> directory containing
445 packfiles (with suffix
".pack") and pack-indexes (with suffix
446 ".idx"). The pack-indexes provide a way to lookup objects and
447 navigate to their offset within the pack, but these must come
448 in pairs with the packfiles. This pairing depends on the file
449 names, as the pack-index differs only in suffix with its pack-
450 file. While the pack-indexes provide fast lookup per packfile,
451 this performance degrades as the number of packfiles increases,
452 because abbreviations need to inspect every packfile and we are
453 more likely to have a miss on our most-recently-used packfile.
454 For some large repositories, repacking into a single packfile
455 is not feasible due to storage space or excessive repack times.
</p>
457 <div class=
"paragraph">
458 <p>The multi-pack-index (MIDX for short) stores a list of objects
459 and their offsets into multiple packfiles. It contains:
</p>
464 <p>A list of packfile names.
</p>
467 <p>A sorted list of object IDs.
</p>
470 <p>A list of metadata for the ith object ID including:
</p>
474 <p>A value j referring to the jth packfile.
</p>
477 <p>An offset within the jth packfile for the object.
</p>
483 <p>If large offsets are required, we use another list of large
484 offsets similar to version
2 pack-indexes.
</p>
488 <p>An optional list of objects in pseudo-pack order (used with MIDX bitmaps).
</p>
495 <div class=
"paragraph">
496 <p>Thus, we can provide O(log N) lookup time for any number
502 <h2 id=
"_design_details">Design Details
</h2>
503 <div class=
"sectionbody">
507 <p>The MIDX is stored in a file named
<em>multi-pack-index
</em> in the
508 .git/objects/pack directory. This could be stored in the pack
509 directory of an alternate. It refers only to packfiles in that
513 <p>The core.multiPackIndex config setting must be on (which is the
514 default) to consume MIDX files. Setting it to
<code>false
</code> prevents
515 Git from reading a MIDX file, even if one exists.
</p>
518 <p>The file format includes parameters for the object ID hash
519 function, so a future change of hash algorithm does not require
520 a change in format.
</p>
523 <p>The MIDX keeps only one record per object ID. If an object appears
524 in multiple packfiles, then the MIDX selects the copy in the
525 preferred packfile, otherwise selecting from the most-recently
526 modified packfile.
</p>
529 <p>If there exist packfiles in the pack directory not registered in
530 the MIDX, then those packfiles are loaded into the
<code>packed_git
</code>
531 list and
<code>packed_git_mru
</code> cache.
</p>
534 <p>The pack-indexes (.idx files) remain in the pack directory so we
535 can delete the MIDX file, set core.midx to false, or downgrade
536 without any loss of information.
</p>
539 <p>The MIDX file format uses a chunk-based approach (similar to the
540 commit-graph file) that allows optional data to be added.
</p>
547 <h2 id=
"_incremental_multi_pack_indexes">Incremental multi-pack indexes
</h2>
548 <div class=
"sectionbody">
549 <div class=
"paragraph">
550 <p>As repositories grow in size, it becomes more expensive to write a
551 multi-pack index (MIDX) that includes all packfiles. To accommodate
552 this, the
"incremental multi-pack indexes" feature allows for combining
553 a
"chain" of multi-pack indexes.
</p>
555 <div class=
"paragraph">
556 <p>Each individual component of the chain need only contain a small number
557 of packfiles. Appending to the chain does not invalidate earlier parts
558 of the chain, so repositories can control how much time is spent
559 updating the MIDX chain by determining the number of packs in each layer
560 of the MIDX chain.
</p>
563 <h3 id=
"_design_state">Design state
</h3>
564 <div class=
"paragraph">
565 <p>At present, the incremental multi-pack indexes feature is missing two
566 important components:
</p>
571 <p>The ability to rewrite earlier portions of the MIDX chain (i.e., to
572 "compact" some collection of adjacent MIDX layers into a single
573 MIDX). At present the only supported way of shrinking a MIDX chain
574 is to rewrite the entire chain from scratch without the
<code>--split
</code>
576 <div class=
"paragraph">
577 <p>There are no fundamental limitations that stand in the way of being able
578 to implement this feature. It is omitted from the initial implementation
579 in order to reduce the complexity, but will be added later.
</p>
583 <p>Support for reachability bitmaps. The classic single MIDX
584 implementation does support reachability bitmaps (see the section
585 titled
"multi-pack-index reverse indexes" in
586 <a href=
"../gitformat-pack.html">gitformat-pack(
5)
</a> for more details).
</p>
587 <div class=
"paragraph">
588 <p>As above, there are no fundamental limitations that stand in the way of
589 extending the incremental MIDX format to support reachability bitmaps.
590 The design below specifically takes this into account, and support for
591 reachability bitmaps will be added in a future patch series. It is
592 omitted from the current implementation for the same reason as above.
</p>
594 <div class=
"paragraph">
595 <p>In brief, to support reachability bitmaps with the incremental MIDX
596 feature, the concept of the pseudo-pack order is extended across each
597 layer of the incremental MIDX chain to form a concatenated pseudo-pack
598 order. This concatenation takes place in the same order as the chain
599 itself (in other words, the concatenated pseudo-pack order for a chain
600 {$H1,
<code>$H2,
</code> <code>$H3
</code>} would be the pseudo-pack order for
<code>$H1
</code>, followed by
601 the pseudo-pack order for
<code>$H2
</code>, followed by the pseudo-pack order for
602 <code>$H3
</code>).
</p>
604 <div class=
"paragraph">
605 <p>The layout will then be extended so that each layer of the incremental
606 MIDX chain can write a *.
<code>bitmap
</code>. The objects in each layer
’s bitmap
607 are offset by the number of objects in the previous layers of the chain.
</p>
614 <h3 id=
"_file_layout">File layout
</h3>
615 <div class=
"paragraph">
616 <p>Instead of storing a single
<code>multi-pack-index
</code> file (with an optional
617 .
<code>rev
</code> and .
<code>bitmap
</code> extension) in
<code>$GIT_DIR/objects/pack
</code>, incremental
618 MIDXs are stored in the following layout:
</p>
620 <div class=
"listingblock">
621 <div class=
"content">
622 <pre>$GIT_DIR/objects/pack/multi-pack-index.d/
623 $GIT_DIR/objects/pack/multi-pack-index.d/multi-pack-index-chain
624 $GIT_DIR/objects/pack/multi-pack-index.d/multi-pack-index-$H1.midx
625 $GIT_DIR/objects/pack/multi-pack-index.d/multi-pack-index-$H2.midx
626 $GIT_DIR/objects/pack/multi-pack-index.d/multi-pack-index-$H3.midx
</pre>
629 <div class=
"paragraph">
630 <p>The
<code>multi-pack-index-chain
</code> file contains a list of the incremental
631 MIDX files in the chain, in order. The above example shows a chain whose
632 <code>multi-pack-index-chain
</code> file would contain the following lines:
</p>
634 <div class=
"listingblock">
635 <div class=
"content">
641 <div class=
"paragraph">
642 <p>The
<code>multi-pack-index-$H1.midx
</code> file contains the first layer of the
643 multi-pack-index chain. The
<code>multi-pack-index-$H2.midx
</code> file contains
644 the second layer of the chain, and so on.
</p>
646 <div class=
"paragraph">
647 <p>When both an incremental- and non-incremental MIDX are present, the
648 non-incremental MIDX is always read first.
</p>
652 <h3 id=
"_object_positions_for_incremental_midxs">Object positions for incremental MIDXs
</h3>
653 <div class=
"paragraph">
654 <p>In the original multi-pack-index design, we refer to objects via their
655 lexicographic position (by object IDs) within the repository
’s singular
656 multi-pack-index. In the incremental multi-pack-index design, we refer
657 to objects via their index into a concatenated lexicographic ordering
658 among each component in the MIDX chain.
</p>
660 <div class=
"paragraph">
661 <p>If
<code>objects_nr
</code>() is a function that returns the number of objects in a
662 given MIDX layer, then the index of an object at lexicographic position
663 <code>i
</code> within, say, $H3 is defined as:
</p>
665 <div class=
"listingblock">
666 <div class=
"content">
667 <pre>objects_nr($H2) + objects_nr($H1) + i
</pre>
670 <div class=
"paragraph">
671 <p>(in the C implementation, this is often computed as
<code>i
</code> <code>+
</code>
672 <code>m-
</code>><code>num_objects_in_base
</code>).
</p>
678 <h2 id=
"_future_work">Future Work
</h2>
679 <div class=
"sectionbody">
683 <p>The multi-pack-index allows many packfiles, especially in a context
684 where repacking is expensive (such as a very large repo), or
685 unexpected maintenance time is unacceptable (such as a high-demand
686 build machine). However, the multi-pack-index needs to be rewritten
687 in full every time. We can extend the format to be incremental, so
688 writes are fast. By storing a small
"tip" multi-pack-index that
689 points to large
"base" MIDX files, we can keep writes fast while
690 still reducing the number of binary searches required for object
694 <p>If the multi-pack-index is extended to store a
"stable object order"
695 (a function Order(hash) = integer that is constant for a given hash,
696 even as the multi-pack-index is updated) then MIDX bitmaps could be
697 updated independently of the MIDX.
</p>
700 <p>Packfiles can be marked as
"special" using empty files that share
701 the initial name but replace
".pack" with
".keep" or
".promisor".
702 We can add an optional chunk of data to the multi-pack-index that
703 records flags of information about the packfiles. This allows new
704 states, such as
<em>repacked
</em> or
<em>redeltified
</em>, that can help with
705 pack maintenance in a multi-pack environment. It may also be
706 helpful to organize packfiles by object type (commit, tree, blob,
707 etc.) and use this metadata to help that maintenance.
</p>
714 <h2 id=
"_related_links">Related Links
</h2>
715 <div class=
"sectionbody">
716 <div class=
"paragraph">
717 <p>[
0]
<a href=
"https://bugs.chromium.org/p/git/issues/detail?id=6" class=
"bare">https://bugs.chromium.org/p/git/issues/detail?id=
6</a>
718 Chromium work item for: Multi-Pack Index (MIDX)
</p>
720 <div class=
"paragraph">
721 <p>[
1]
<a href=
"https://lore.kernel.org/git/20180107181459.222909-1-dstolee@microsoft.com/" class=
"bare">https://lore.kernel.org/git/
20180107181459.222909-
1-dstolee@microsoft.com/
</a>
722 An earlier RFC for the multi-pack-index feature
</p>
724 <div class=
"paragraph">
725 <p>[
2]
<a href=
"https://lore.kernel.org/git/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803091557510.23109@alexmv-linux/" class=
"bare">https://lore.kernel.org/git/alpine.DEB
.2.20.1803091557510.23109@alexmv-linux/
</a>
726 Git Merge
2018 Contributor
’s summit notes (includes discussion of MIDX)
</p>
732 <div id=
"footer-text">
733 Last updated
2024-
08-
19 12:
00:
09 -
0700