git-repack.html

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 734 </head>
 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 git-repack(1) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>git-repack -
 743    Pack unpacked objects in a repository
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="verseblock">
 752 <pre class="content"><em>git repack</em> [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [-b] [-m] [--window=&lt;n&gt;] [--depth=&lt;n&gt;] [--threads=&lt;n&gt;] [--keep-pack=&lt;pack-name&gt;] [--write-midx]</pre>
 753 <div class="attribution">
 754 </div></div>
 755 </div>
 756 </div>
 757 <div class="sect1">
 758 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 759 <div class="sectionbody">
 760 <div class="paragraph"><p>This command is used to combine all objects that do not currently
 761 reside in a "pack", into a pack.  It can also be used to re-organize
 762 existing packs into a single, more efficient pack.</p></div>
 763 <div class="paragraph"><p>A pack is a collection of objects, individually compressed, with
 764 delta compression applied, stored in a single file, with an
 765 associated index file.</p></div>
 766 <div class="paragraph"><p>Packs are used to reduce the load on mirror systems, backup
 767 engines, disk storage, etc.</p></div>
 768 </div>
 769 </div>
 770 <div class="sect1">
 771 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 772 <div class="sectionbody">
 773 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 774 <dt class="hdlist1">
 775 -a
 776 </dt>
 777 <dd>
 778 <p>
 779         Instead of incrementally packing the unpacked objects,
 780         pack everything referenced into a single pack.
 781         Especially useful when packing a repository that is used
 782         for private development. Use
 783         with <code>-d</code>.  This will clean up the objects that <code>git prune</code>
 784         leaves behind, but <code>git fsck --full --dangling</code> shows as
 785         dangling.
 786 </p>
 787 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that users fetching over dumb protocols will have to fetch the
 788 whole new pack in order to get any contained object, no matter how many
 789 other objects in that pack they already have locally.</p></div>
 790 <div class="paragraph"><p>Promisor packfiles are repacked separately: if there are packfiles that
 791 have an associated ".promisor" file, these packfiles will be repacked
 792 into another separate pack, and an empty ".promisor" file corresponding
 793 to the new separate pack will be written.</p></div>
 794 </dd>
 795 <dt class="hdlist1">
 796 -A
 797 </dt>
 798 <dd>
 799 <p>
 800         Same as <code>-a</code>, unless <code>-d</code> is used.  Then any unreachable
 801         objects in a previous pack become loose, unpacked objects,
 802         instead of being left in the old pack.  Unreachable objects
 803         are never intentionally added to a pack, even when repacking.
 804         This option prevents unreachable objects from being immediately
 805         deleted by way of being left in the old pack and then
 806         removed.  Instead, the loose unreachable objects
 807         will be pruned according to normal expiry rules
 808         with the next <em>git gc</em> invocation. See <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>.
 809 </p>
 810 </dd>
 811 <dt class="hdlist1">
 812 -d
 813 </dt>
 814 <dd>
 815 <p>
 816         After packing, if the newly created packs make some
 817         existing packs redundant, remove the redundant packs.
 818         Also run  <em>git prune-packed</em> to remove redundant
 819         loose object files.
 820 </p>
 821 </dd>
 822 <dt class="hdlist1">
 823 --cruft
 824 </dt>
 825 <dd>
 826 <p>
 827         Same as <code>-a</code>, unless <code>-d</code> is used. Then any unreachable objects
 828         are packed into a separate cruft pack. Unreachable objects can
 829         be pruned using the normal expiry rules with the next <code>git gc</code>
 830         invocation (see <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>). Incompatible with <code>-k</code>.
 831 </p>
 832 </dd>
 833 <dt class="hdlist1">
 834 --cruft-expiration=&lt;approxidate&gt;
 835 </dt>
 836 <dd>
 837 <p>
 838         Expire unreachable objects older than <code>&lt;approxidate&gt;</code>
 839         immediately instead of waiting for the next <code>git gc</code> invocation.
 840         Only useful with <code>--cruft -d</code>.
 841 </p>
 842 </dd>
 843 <dt class="hdlist1">
 844 --max-cruft-size=&lt;n&gt;
 845 </dt>
 846 <dd>
 847 <p>
 848         Repack cruft objects into packs as large as <code>&lt;n&gt;</code> bytes before
 849         creating new packs. As long as there are enough cruft packs
 850         smaller than <code>&lt;n&gt;</code>, repacking will cause a new cruft pack to
 851         be created containing objects from any combined cruft packs,
 852         along with any new unreachable objects. Cruft packs larger than
 853         <code>&lt;n&gt;</code> will not be modified. When the new cruft pack is larger
 854         than <code>&lt;n&gt;</code> bytes, it will be split into multiple packs, all of
 855         which are guaranteed to be at most <code>&lt;n&gt;</code> bytes in size. Only
 856         useful with <code>--cruft -d</code>.
 857 </p>
 858 </dd>
 859 <dt class="hdlist1">
 860 --expire-to=&lt;dir&gt;
 861 </dt>
 862 <dd>
 863 <p>
 864         Write a cruft pack containing pruned objects (if any) to the
 865         directory <code>&lt;dir&gt;</code>. This option is useful for keeping a copy of
 866         any pruned objects in a separate directory as a backup. Only
 867         useful with <code>--cruft -d</code>.
 868 </p>
 869 </dd>
 870 <dt class="hdlist1">
 871 -l
 872 </dt>
 873 <dd>
 874 <p>
 875         Pass the <code>--local</code> option to <em>git pack-objects</em>. See
 876         <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.
 877 </p>
 878 </dd>
 879 <dt class="hdlist1">
 880 -f
 881 </dt>
 882 <dd>
 883 <p>
 884         Pass the <code>--no-reuse-delta</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see
 885         <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.
 886 </p>
 887 </dd>
 888 <dt class="hdlist1">
 889 -F
 890 </dt>
 891 <dd>
 892 <p>
 893         Pass the <code>--no-reuse-object</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see
 894         <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.
 895 </p>
 896 </dd>
 897 <dt class="hdlist1">
 898 -q
 899 </dt>
 900 <dt class="hdlist1">
 901 --quiet
 902 </dt>
 903 <dd>
 904 <p>
 905         Show no progress over the standard error stream and pass the <code>-q</code>
 906         option to <em>git pack-objects</em>. See <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.
 907 </p>
 908 </dd>
 909 <dt class="hdlist1">
 910 -n
 911 </dt>
 912 <dd>
 913 <p>
 914         Do not update the server information with
 915         <em>git update-server-info</em>.  This option skips
 916         updating local catalog files needed to publish
 917         this repository (or a direct copy of it)
 918         over HTTP or FTP.  See <a href="git-update-server-info.html">git-update-server-info(1)</a>.
 919 </p>
 920 </dd>
 921 <dt class="hdlist1">
 922 --window=&lt;n&gt;
 923 </dt>
 924 <dt class="hdlist1">
 925 --depth=&lt;n&gt;
 926 </dt>
 927 <dd>
 928 <p>
 929         These two options affect how the objects contained in the pack are
 930         stored using delta compression. The objects are first internally
 931         sorted by type, size and optionally names and compared against the
 932         other objects within <code>--window</code> to see if using delta compression saves
 933         space. <code>--depth</code> limits the maximum delta depth; making it too deep
 934         affects the performance on the unpacker side, because delta data needs
 935         to be applied that many times to get to the necessary object.
 936 </p>
 937 <div class="paragraph"><p>The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50. The maximum
 938 depth is 4095.</p></div>
 939 </dd>
 940 <dt class="hdlist1">
 941 --threads=&lt;n&gt;
 942 </dt>
 943 <dd>
 944 <p>
 945         This option is passed through to <code>git pack-objects</code>.
 946 </p>
 947 </dd>
 948 <dt class="hdlist1">
 949 --window-memory=&lt;n&gt;
 950 </dt>
 951 <dd>
 952 <p>
 953         This option provides an additional limit on top of <code>--window</code>;
 954         the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take
 955         up more than <em>&lt;n&gt;</em> bytes in memory.  This is useful in
 956         repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run
 957         out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take
 958         advantage of the large window for the smaller objects.  The
 959         size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".
 960         <code>--window-memory=0</code> makes memory usage unlimited.  The default
 961         is taken from the <code>pack.windowMemory</code> configuration variable.
 962         Note that the actual memory usage will be the limit multiplied
 963         by the number of threads used by <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.
 964 </p>
 965 </dd>
 966 <dt class="hdlist1">
 967 --max-pack-size=&lt;n&gt;
 968 </dt>
 969 <dd>
 970 <p>
 971         Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with
 972         "k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
 973         If specified, multiple packfiles may be created, which also
 974         prevents the creation of a bitmap index.
 975         The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
 976         <code>pack.packSizeLimit</code> is set. Note that this option may result in
 977         a larger and slower repository; see the discussion in
 978         <code>pack.packSizeLimit</code>.
 979 </p>
 980 </dd>
 981 <dt class="hdlist1">
 982 --filter=&lt;filter-spec&gt;
 983 </dt>
 984 <dd>
 985 <p>
 986         Remove objects matching the filter specification from the
 987         resulting packfile and put them into a separate packfile. Note
 988         that objects used in the working directory are not filtered
 989         out. So for the split to fully work, it&#8217;s best to perform it
 990         in a bare repo and to use the <code>-a</code> and <code>-d</code> options along with
 991         this option.  Also <code>--no-write-bitmap-index</code> (or the
 992         <code>repack.writebitmaps</code> config option set to <code>false</code>) should be
 993         used otherwise writing bitmap index will fail, as it supposes
 994         a single packfile containing all the objects. See
 995         <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a> for valid <code>&lt;filter-spec&gt;</code> forms.
 996 </p>
 997 </dd>
 998 <dt class="hdlist1">
 999 --filter-to=&lt;dir&gt;
1000 </dt>
1001 <dd>
1002 <p>
1003         Write the pack containing filtered out objects to the
1004         directory <code>&lt;dir&gt;</code>. Only useful with <code>--filter</code>. This can be
1005         used for putting the pack on a separate object directory that
1006         is accessed through the Git alternates mechanism. <strong>WARNING:</strong>
1007         If the packfile containing the filtered out objects is not
1008         accessible, the repo can become corrupt as it might not be
1009         possible to access the objects in that packfile. See the
1010         <code>objects</code> and <code>objects/info/alternates</code> sections of
1011         <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>.
1012 </p>
1013 </dd>
1014 <dt class="hdlist1">
1015 -b
1016 </dt>
1017 <dt class="hdlist1">
1018 --write-bitmap-index
1019 </dt>
1020 <dd>
1021 <p>
1022         Write a reachability bitmap index as part of the repack. This
1023         only makes sense when used with <code>-a</code>, <code>-A</code> or <code>-m</code>, as the bitmaps
1024         must be able to refer to all reachable objects. This option
1025         overrides the setting of <code>repack.writeBitmaps</code>. This option
1026         has no effect if multiple packfiles are created, unless writing a
1027         MIDX (in which case a multi-pack bitmap is created).
1028 </p>
1029 </dd>
1030 <dt class="hdlist1">
1031 --pack-kept-objects
1032 </dt>
1033 <dd>
1034 <p>
1035         Include objects in <code>.keep</code> files when repacking.  Note that we
1036         still do not delete <code>.keep</code> packs after <code>pack-objects</code> finishes.
1037         This means that we may duplicate objects, but this makes the
1038         option safe to use when there are concurrent pushes or fetches.
1039         This option is generally only useful if you are writing bitmaps
1040         with <code>-b</code> or <code>repack.writeBitmaps</code>, as it ensures that the
1041         bitmapped packfile has the necessary objects.
1042 </p>
1043 </dd>
1044 <dt class="hdlist1">
1045 --keep-pack=&lt;pack-name&gt;
1046 </dt>
1047 <dd>
1048 <p>
1049         Exclude the given pack from repacking. This is the equivalent
1050         of having <code>.keep</code> file on the pack. <code>&lt;pack-name&gt;</code> is the
1051         pack file name without leading directory (e.g. <code>pack-123.pack</code>).
1052         The option can be specified multiple times to keep multiple
1053         packs.
1054 </p>
1055 </dd>
1056 <dt class="hdlist1">
1057 --unpack-unreachable=&lt;when&gt;
1058 </dt>
1059 <dd>
1060 <p>
1061         When loosening unreachable objects, do not bother loosening any
1062         objects older than <code>&lt;when&gt;</code>. This can be used to optimize out
1063         the write of any objects that would be immediately pruned by
1064         a follow-up <code>git prune</code>.
1065 </p>
1066 </dd>
1067 <dt class="hdlist1">
1068 -k
1069 </dt>
1070 <dt class="hdlist1">
1071 --keep-unreachable
1072 </dt>
1073 <dd>
1074 <p>
1075         When used with <code>-ad</code>, any unreachable objects from existing
1076         packs will be appended to the end of the packfile instead of
1077         being removed. In addition, any unreachable loose objects will
1078         be packed (and their loose counterparts removed).
1079 </p>
1080 </dd>
1081 <dt class="hdlist1">
1082 -i
1083 </dt>
1084 <dt class="hdlist1">
1085 --delta-islands
1086 </dt>
1087 <dd>
1088 <p>
1089         Pass the <code>--delta-islands</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see
1090         <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.
1091 </p>
1092 </dd>
1093 <dt class="hdlist1">
1094 -g&lt;factor&gt;
1095 </dt>
1096 <dt class="hdlist1">
1097 --geometric=&lt;factor&gt;
1098 </dt>
1099 <dd>
1100 <p>
1101         Arrange resulting pack structure so that each successive pack
1102         contains at least <code>&lt;factor&gt;</code> times the number of objects as the
1103         next-largest pack.
1104 </p>
1105 <div class="paragraph"><p><code>git repack</code> ensures this by determining a "cut" of packfiles that need
1106 to be repacked into one in order to ensure a geometric progression. It
1107 picks the smallest set of packfiles such that as many of the larger
1108 packfiles (by count of objects contained in that pack) may be left
1109 intact.</p></div>
1110 <div class="paragraph"><p>Unlike other repack modes, the set of objects to pack is determined
1111 uniquely by the set of packs being "rolled-up"; in other words, the
1112 packs determined to need to be combined in order to restore a geometric
1113 progression.</p></div>
1114 <div class="paragraph"><p>Loose objects are implicitly included in this "roll-up", without respect to
1115 their reachability. This is subject to change in the future.</p></div>
1116 <div class="paragraph"><p>When writing a multi-pack bitmap, <code>git repack</code> selects the largest resulting
1117 pack as the preferred pack for object selection by the MIDX (see
1118 <a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>).</p></div>
1119 </dd>
1120 <dt class="hdlist1">
1121 -m
1122 </dt>
1123 <dt class="hdlist1">
1124 --write-midx
1125 </dt>
1126 <dd>
1127 <p>
1128         Write a multi-pack index (see <a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>)
1129         containing the non-redundant packs.
1130 </p>
1131 </dd>
1132 </dl></div>
1133 </div>
1134 </div>
1135 <div class="sect1">
1136 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
1137 <div class="sectionbody">
1138 <div class="paragraph"><p>Various configuration variables affect packing, see
1139 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> (search for "pack" and "delta").</p></div>
1140 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the command passes <code>--delta-base-offset</code> option to
1141 <em>git pack-objects</em>; this typically results in slightly smaller packs,
1142 but the generated packs are incompatible with versions of Git older than
1143 version 1.4.4. If you need to share your repository with such ancient Git
1144 versions, either directly or via the dumb http protocol, then you
1145 need to set the configuration variable <code>repack.UseDeltaBaseOffset</code> to
1146 "false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the native protocol
1147 is unaffected by this option as the conversion is performed on the fly
1148 as needed in that case.</p></div>
1149 <div class="paragraph"><p>Delta compression is not used on objects larger than the
1150 <code>core.bigFileThreshold</code> configuration variable and on files with the
1151 attribute <code>delta</code> set to false.</p></div>
1152 </div>
1153 </div>
1154 <div class="sect1">
1155 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1156 <div class="sectionbody">
1157 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>
1158 <a href="git-prune-packed.html">git-prune-packed(1)</a></p></div>
1159 </div>
1160 </div>
1161 <div class="sect1">
1162 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1163 <div class="sectionbody">
1164 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1165 </div>
1166 </div>
1167 </div>
1168 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
1169 <div id="footer">
1170 <div id="footer-text">
1171 Last updated
1172  2023-10-29 16:42:00 PDT
1173 </div>
1174 </div>
1175 </body>
1176 </html>