git-ls-files.html

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 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>git-ls-files(1) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>git-ls-files - Show information about files in the index and the working tree</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content"><em>git ls-files</em> [-z] [-t] [-v] [-f]
 455                 [-c|--cached] [-d|--deleted] [-o|--others] [-i|--ignored]
 456                 [-s|--stage] [-u|--unmerged] [-k|--killed] [-m|--modified]
 457                 [--resolve-undo]
 458                 [--directory [--no-empty-directory]] [--eol]
 459                 [--deduplicate]
 460                 [-x &lt;pattern&gt;|--exclude=&lt;pattern&gt;]
 461                 [-X &lt;file&gt;|--exclude-from=&lt;file&gt;]
 462                 [--exclude-per-directory=&lt;file&gt;]
 463                 [--exclude-standard]
 464                 [--error-unmatch] [--with-tree=&lt;tree-ish&gt;]
 465                 [--full-name] [--recurse-submodules]
 466                 [--abbrev[=&lt;n&gt;]] [--format=&lt;format&gt;] [--] [&lt;file&gt;&#8230;&#8203;]</pre>
 467 </div>
 468 </div>
 469 </div>
 470 <div class="sect1">
 471 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 472 <div class="sectionbody">
 473 <div class="paragraph">
 474 <p>This command merges the file listing in the index with the actual working
 475 directory list, and shows different combinations of the two.</p>
 476 </div>
 477 <div class="paragraph">
 478 <p>Several flags can be used to determine which files are
 479 shown, and each file may be printed multiple times if there are
 480 multiple entries in the index or if multiple statuses are applicable for
 481 the relevant file selection options.</p>
 482 </div>
 483 </div>
 484 </div>
 485 <div class="sect1">
 486 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 487 <div class="sectionbody">
 488 <div class="dlist">
 489 <dl>
 490 <dt class="hdlist1">-c</dt>
 491 <dt class="hdlist1">--cached</dt>
 492 <dd>
 493 <p>Show all files cached in Git&#8217;s index, i.e. all tracked files.
 494 (This is the default if no -c/-s/-d/-o/-u/-k/-m/--resolve-undo
 495 options are specified.)</p>
 496 </dd>
 497 <dt class="hdlist1">-d</dt>
 498 <dt class="hdlist1">--deleted</dt>
 499 <dd>
 500 <p>Show files with an unstaged deletion</p>
 501 </dd>
 502 <dt class="hdlist1">-m</dt>
 503 <dt class="hdlist1">--modified</dt>
 504 <dd>
 505 <p>Show files with an unstaged modification (note that an unstaged
 506 deletion also counts as an unstaged modification)</p>
 507 </dd>
 508 <dt class="hdlist1">-o</dt>
 509 <dt class="hdlist1">--others</dt>
 510 <dd>
 511 <p>Show other (i.e. untracked) files in the output</p>
 512 </dd>
 513 <dt class="hdlist1">-i</dt>
 514 <dt class="hdlist1">--ignored</dt>
 515 <dd>
 516 <p>Show only ignored files in the output.  Must be used with
 517 either an explicit <em>-c</em> or <em>-o</em>.  When showing files in the
 518 index (i.e. when used with <em>-c</em>), print only those files
 519 matching an exclude pattern.  When showing "other" files
 520 (i.e. when used with <em>-o</em>), show only those matched by an
 521 exclude pattern.  Standard ignore rules are not automatically
 522 activated; therefore, at least one of the <code>--exclude*</code> options
 523 is required.</p>
 524 </dd>
 525 <dt class="hdlist1">-s</dt>
 526 <dt class="hdlist1">--stage</dt>
 527 <dd>
 528 <p>Show staged contents' mode bits, object name and stage number in the output.</p>
 529 </dd>
 530 <dt class="hdlist1">--directory</dt>
 531 <dd>
 532 <p>If a whole directory is classified as "other", show just its
 533 name (with a trailing slash) and not its whole contents.
 534 Has no effect without -o/--others.</p>
 535 </dd>
 536 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-empty-directory</dt>
 537 <dd>
 538 <p>Do not list empty directories. Has no effect without --directory.</p>
 539 </dd>
 540 <dt class="hdlist1">-u</dt>
 541 <dt class="hdlist1">--unmerged</dt>
 542 <dd>
 543 <p>Show information about unmerged files in the output, but do
 544 not show any other tracked files (forces --stage, overrides
 545 --cached).</p>
 546 </dd>
 547 <dt class="hdlist1">-k</dt>
 548 <dt class="hdlist1">--killed</dt>
 549 <dd>
 550 <p>Show untracked files on the filesystem that need to be removed
 551 due to file/directory conflicts for tracked files to be able to
 552 be written to the filesystem.</p>
 553 </dd>
 554 <dt class="hdlist1">--resolve-undo</dt>
 555 <dd>
 556 <p>Show files having resolve-undo information in the index
 557 together with their resolve-undo information.  (resolve-undo
 558 information is what is used to implement "git checkout -m
 559 $PATH", i.e. to recreate merge conflicts that were
 560 accidentally resolved)</p>
 561 </dd>
 562 <dt class="hdlist1">-z</dt>
 563 <dd>
 564 <p>\0 line termination on output and do not quote filenames.
 565 See OUTPUT below for more information.</p>
 566 </dd>
 567 <dt class="hdlist1">--deduplicate</dt>
 568 <dd>
 569 <p>When only filenames are shown, suppress duplicates that may
 570 come from having multiple stages during a merge, or giving
 571 <code>--deleted</code> and <code>--modified</code> option at the same time.
 572 When any of the <code>-t</code>, <code>--unmerged</code>, or <code>--stage</code> option is
 573 in use, this option has no effect.</p>
 574 </dd>
 575 <dt class="hdlist1">-x &lt;pattern&gt;</dt>
 576 <dt class="hdlist1">--exclude=&lt;pattern&gt;</dt>
 577 <dd>
 578 <p>Skip untracked files matching pattern.
 579 Note that pattern is a shell wildcard pattern. See EXCLUDE PATTERNS
 580 below for more information.</p>
 581 </dd>
 582 <dt class="hdlist1">-X &lt;file&gt;</dt>
 583 <dt class="hdlist1">--exclude-from=&lt;file&gt;</dt>
 584 <dd>
 585 <p>Read exclude patterns from &lt;file&gt;; 1 per line.</p>
 586 </dd>
 587 <dt class="hdlist1">--exclude-per-directory=&lt;file&gt;</dt>
 588 <dd>
 589 <p>Read additional exclude patterns that apply only to the
 590 directory and its subdirectories in &lt;file&gt;.  If you are
 591 trying to emulate the way Porcelain commands work, using
 592 the <code>--exclude-standard</code> option instead is easier and more
 593 thorough.</p>
 594 </dd>
 595 <dt class="hdlist1">--exclude-standard</dt>
 596 <dd>
 597 <p>Add the standard Git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
 598 in each directory, and the user&#8217;s global exclusion file.</p>
 599 </dd>
 600 <dt class="hdlist1">--error-unmatch</dt>
 601 <dd>
 602 <p>If any &lt;file&gt; does not appear in the index, treat this as an
 603 error (return 1).</p>
 604 </dd>
 605 <dt class="hdlist1">--with-tree=&lt;tree-ish&gt;</dt>
 606 <dd>
 607 <p>When using --error-unmatch to expand the user supplied
 608 &lt;file&gt; (i.e. path pattern) arguments to paths, pretend
 609 that paths which were removed in the index since the
 610 named &lt;tree-ish&gt; are still present.  Using this option
 611 with <code>-s</code> or <code>-u</code> options does not make any sense.</p>
 612 </dd>
 613 <dt class="hdlist1">-t</dt>
 614 <dd>
 615 <p>Show status tags together with filenames.  Note that for
 616 scripting purposes, <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> <code>--porcelain</code> and
 617 <a href="git-diff-files.html">git-diff-files(1)</a> <code>--name-status</code> are almost always
 618 superior alternatives; users should look at
 619 <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> <code>--short</code> or <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>
 620 <code>--name-status</code> for more user-friendly alternatives.</p>
 621 <div class="openblock">
 622 <div class="content">
 623 <div class="paragraph">
 624 <p>This option provides a reason for showing each filename, in the form
 625 of a status tag (which is followed by a space and then the filename).
 626 The status tags are all single characters from the following list:</p>
 627 </div>
 628 <div class="dlist">
 629 <dl>
 630 <dt class="hdlist1">H</dt>
 631 <dd>
 632 <p>tracked file that is not either unmerged or skip-worktree</p>
 633 </dd>
 634 <dt class="hdlist1">S</dt>
 635 <dd>
 636 <p>tracked file that is skip-worktree</p>
 637 </dd>
 638 <dt class="hdlist1">M</dt>
 639 <dd>
 640 <p>tracked file that is unmerged</p>
 641 </dd>
 642 <dt class="hdlist1">R</dt>
 643 <dd>
 644 <p>tracked file with unstaged removal/deletion</p>
 645 </dd>
 646 <dt class="hdlist1">C</dt>
 647 <dd>
 648 <p>tracked file with unstaged modification/change</p>
 649 </dd>
 650 <dt class="hdlist1">K</dt>
 651 <dd>
 652 <p>untracked paths which are part of file/directory conflicts
 653 which prevent checking out tracked files</p>
 654 </dd>
 655 <dt class="hdlist1">?</dt>
 656 <dd>
 657 <p>untracked file</p>
 658 </dd>
 659 <dt class="hdlist1">U</dt>
 660 <dd>
 661 <p>file with resolve-undo information</p>
 662 </dd>
 663 </dl>
 664 </div>
 665 </div>
 666 </div>
 667 </dd>
 668 <dt class="hdlist1">-v</dt>
 669 <dd>
 670 <p>Similar to <code>-t</code>, but use lowercase letters for files
 671 that are marked as <em>assume unchanged</em> (see
 672 <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a>).</p>
 673 </dd>
 674 <dt class="hdlist1">-f</dt>
 675 <dd>
 676 <p>Similar to <code>-t</code>, but use lowercase letters for files
 677 that are marked as <em>fsmonitor valid</em> (see
 678 <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a>).</p>
 679 </dd>
 680 <dt class="hdlist1">--full-name</dt>
 681 <dd>
 682 <p>When run from a subdirectory, the command usually
 683 outputs paths relative to the current directory.  This
 684 option forces paths to be output relative to the project
 685 top directory.</p>
 686 </dd>
 687 <dt class="hdlist1">--recurse-submodules</dt>
 688 <dd>
 689 <p>Recursively calls ls-files on each active submodule in the repository.
 690 Currently there is only support for the --cached and --stage modes.</p>
 691 </dd>
 692 <dt class="hdlist1">--abbrev[=&lt;n&gt;]</dt>
 693 <dd>
 694 <p>Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
 695 lines, show the shortest prefix that is at least <em>&lt;n&gt;</em>
 696 hexdigits long that uniquely refers the object.
 697 Non default number of digits can be specified with --abbrev=&lt;n&gt;.</p>
 698 </dd>
 699 <dt class="hdlist1">--debug</dt>
 700 <dd>
 701 <p>After each line that describes a file, add more data about its
 702 cache entry.  This is intended to show as much information as
 703 possible for manual inspection; the exact format may change at
 704 any time.</p>
 705 </dd>
 706 <dt class="hdlist1">--eol</dt>
 707 <dd>
 708 <p>Show &lt;eolinfo&gt; and &lt;eolattr&gt; of files.
 709 &lt;eolinfo&gt; is the file content identification used by Git when
 710 the "text" attribute is "auto" (or not set and core.autocrlf is not false).
 711 &lt;eolinfo&gt; is either "-text", "none", "lf", "crlf", "mixed" or "".</p>
 712 <div class="paragraph">
 713 <p>"" means the file is not a regular file, it is not in the index or
 714 not accessible in the working tree.</p>
 715 </div>
 716 <div class="paragraph">
 717 <p>&lt;eolattr&gt; is the attribute that is used when checking out or committing,
 718 it is either "", "-text", "text", "text=auto", "text eol=lf", "text eol=crlf".
 719 Since Git 2.10 "text=auto eol=lf" and "text=auto eol=crlf" are supported.</p>
 720 </div>
 721 <div class="paragraph">
 722 <p>Both the &lt;eolinfo&gt; in the index ("i/&lt;eolinfo&gt;")
 723 and in the working tree ("w/&lt;eolinfo&gt;") are shown for regular files,
 724 followed by the  ("attr/&lt;eolattr&gt;").</p>
 725 </div>
 726 </dd>
 727 <dt class="hdlist1">--sparse</dt>
 728 <dd>
 729 <p>If the index is sparse, show the sparse directories without expanding
 730 to the contained files. Sparse directories will be shown with a
 731 trailing slash, such as "x/" for a sparse directory "x".</p>
 732 </dd>
 733 <dt class="hdlist1">--format=&lt;format&gt;</dt>
 734 <dd>
 735 <p>A string that interpolates <code>%(fieldname)</code> from the result being shown.
 736 It also interpolates <code>%%</code> to <code>%</code>, and <code>%xx</code> where <code>xx</code> are hex digits
 737 interpolates to character with hex code <code>xx</code>; for example <code>%00</code>
 738 interpolates to <code>\0</code> (NUL), <code>%09</code> to <code>\t</code> (TAB) and %0a to <code>\n</code> (LF).
 739 --format cannot be combined with <code>-s</code>, <code>-o</code>, <code>-k</code>, <code>-t</code>, <code>--resolve-undo</code>
 740 and <code>--eol</code>.</p>
 741 </dd>
 742 <dt class="hdlist1">--</dt>
 743 <dd>
 744 <p>Do not interpret any more arguments as options.</p>
 745 </dd>
 746 <dt class="hdlist1">&lt;file&gt;</dt>
 747 <dd>
 748 <p>Files to show. If no files are given all files which match the other
 749 specified criteria are shown.</p>
 750 </dd>
 751 </dl>
 752 </div>
 753 </div>
 754 </div>
 755 <div class="sect1">
 756 <h2 id="_output">OUTPUT</h2>
 757 <div class="sectionbody">
 758 <div class="paragraph">
 759 <p><em>git ls-files</em> just outputs the filenames unless <code>--stage</code> is specified in
 760 which case it outputs:</p>
 761 </div>
 762 <div class="literalblock">
 763 <div class="content">
 764 <pre>[&lt;tag&gt; ]&lt;mode&gt; &lt;object&gt; &lt;stage&gt; &lt;file&gt;</pre>
 765 </div>
 766 </div>
 767 <div class="paragraph">
 768 <p><em>git ls-files --eol</em> will show
 769         i/&lt;eolinfo&gt;&lt;SPACES&gt;w/&lt;eolinfo&gt;&lt;SPACES&gt;attr/&lt;eolattr&gt;&lt;SPACE*&gt;&lt;TAB&gt;&lt;file&gt;</p>
 770 </div>
 771 <div class="paragraph">
 772 <p><em>git ls-files --unmerged</em> and <em>git ls-files --stage</em> can be used to examine
 773 detailed information on unmerged paths.</p>
 774 </div>
 775 <div class="paragraph">
 776 <p>For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA-1 pair,
 777 the index records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in stage
 778 1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3.  This information can be used by
 779 the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually be recorded at the
 780 path. (see <a href="git-read-tree.html">git-read-tree(1)</a> for more information on state)</p>
 781 </div>
 782 <div class="paragraph">
 783 <p>Without the <code>-z</code> option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are
 784 quoted as explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code>
 785 (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).  Using <code>-z</code> the filename is output
 786 verbatim and the line is terminated by a NUL byte.</p>
 787 </div>
 788 <div class="paragraph">
 789 <p>It is possible to print in a custom format by using the <code>--format</code>
 790 option, which is able to interpolate different fields using
 791 a <code>%(fieldname)</code> notation. For example, if you only care about the
 792 "objectname" and "path" fields, you can execute with a specific
 793 "--format" like</p>
 794 </div>
 795 <div class="literalblock">
 796 <div class="content">
 797 <pre>git ls-files --format='%(objectname) %(path)'</pre>
 798 </div>
 799 </div>
 800 </div>
 801 </div>
 802 <div class="sect1">
 803 <h2 id="_field_names">FIELD NAMES</h2>
 804 <div class="sectionbody">
 805 <div class="paragraph">
 806 <p>The way each path is shown can be customized by using the
 807 <code>--format=&lt;format&gt;</code> option, where the %(fieldname) in the
 808 &lt;format&gt; string for various aspects of the index entry are
 809 interpolated.  The following "fieldname" are understood:</p>
 810 </div>
 811 <div class="dlist">
 812 <dl>
 813 <dt class="hdlist1">objectmode</dt>
 814 <dd>
 815 <p>The mode of the file which is recorded in the index.</p>
 816 </dd>
 817 <dt class="hdlist1">objecttype</dt>
 818 <dd>
 819 <p>The object type of the file which is recorded in the index.</p>
 820 </dd>
 821 <dt class="hdlist1">objectname</dt>
 822 <dd>
 823 <p>The name of the file which is recorded in the index.</p>
 824 </dd>
 825 <dt class="hdlist1">objectsize[:padded]</dt>
 826 <dd>
 827 <p>The object size of the file which is recorded in the index
 828 ("-" if the object is a <code>commit</code> or <code>tree</code>).
 829 It also supports a padded format of size with "%(objectsize:padded)".</p>
 830 </dd>
 831 <dt class="hdlist1">stage</dt>
 832 <dd>
 833 <p>The stage of the file which is recorded in the index.</p>
 834 </dd>
 835 <dt class="hdlist1">eolinfo:index</dt>
 836 <dt class="hdlist1">eolinfo:worktree</dt>
 837 <dd>
 838 <p>The &lt;eolinfo&gt; (see the description of the <code>--eol</code> option) of
 839 the contents in the index or in the worktree for the path.</p>
 840 </dd>
 841 <dt class="hdlist1">eolattr</dt>
 842 <dd>
 843 <p>The &lt;eolattr&gt; (see the description of the <code>--eol</code> option)
 844 that applies to the path.</p>
 845 </dd>
 846 <dt class="hdlist1">path</dt>
 847 <dd>
 848 <p>The pathname of the file which is recorded in the index.</p>
 849 </dd>
 850 </dl>
 851 </div>
 852 </div>
 853 </div>
 854 <div class="sect1">
 855 <h2 id="_exclude_patterns">EXCLUDE PATTERNS</h2>
 856 <div class="sectionbody">
 857 <div class="paragraph">
 858 <p><em>git ls-files</em> can use a list of "exclude patterns" when
 859 traversing the directory tree and finding files to show when the
 860 flags --others or --ignored are specified.  <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>
 861 specifies the format of exclude patterns.</p>
 862 </div>
 863 <div class="paragraph">
 864 <p>These exclude patterns can be specified from the following places,
 865 in order:</p>
 866 </div>
 867 <div class="olist arabic">
 868 <ol class="arabic">
 869 <li>
 870 <p>The command-line flag --exclude=&lt;pattern&gt; specifies a
 871 single pattern.  Patterns are ordered in the same order
 872 they appear in the command line.</p>
 873 </li>
 874 <li>
 875 <p>The command-line flag --exclude-from=&lt;file&gt; specifies a
 876 file containing a list of patterns.  Patterns are ordered
 877 in the same order they appear in the file.</p>
 878 </li>
 879 <li>
 880 <p>The command-line flag --exclude-per-directory=&lt;name&gt; specifies
 881 a name of the file in each directory <em>git ls-files</em>
 882 examines, normally <code>.gitignore</code>.  Files in deeper
 883 directories take precedence.  Patterns are ordered in the
 884 same order they appear in the files.</p>
 885 </li>
 886 </ol>
 887 </div>
 888 <div class="paragraph">
 889 <p>A pattern specified on the command line with --exclude or read
 890 from the file specified with --exclude-from is relative to the
 891 top of the directory tree.  A pattern read from a file specified
 892 by --exclude-per-directory is relative to the directory that the
 893 pattern file appears in.</p>
 894 </div>
 895 <div class="paragraph">
 896 <p>Generally, you should be able to use <code>--exclude-standard</code> when you
 897 want the exclude rules applied the same way as what Porcelain
 898 commands do.  To emulate what <code>--exclude-standard</code> specifies, you
 899 can give <code>--exclude-per-directory=.gitignore</code>, and then specify:</p>
 900 </div>
 901 <div class="olist arabic">
 902 <ol class="arabic">
 903 <li>
 904 <p>The file specified by the <code>core.excludesfile</code> configuration
 905 variable, if exists, or the <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore</code> file.</p>
 906 </li>
 907 <li>
 908 <p>The <code>$GIT_DIR/info/exclude</code> file.</p>
 909 </li>
 910 </ol>
 911 </div>
 912 <div class="paragraph">
 913 <p>via the <code>--exclude-from=</code> option.</p>
 914 </div>
 915 </div>
 916 </div>
 917 <div class="sect1">
 918 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
 919 <div class="sectionbody">
 920 <div class="paragraph">
 921 <p><a href="git-read-tree.html">git-read-tree(1)</a>, <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a></p>
 922 </div>
 923 </div>
 924 </div>
 925 <div class="sect1">
 926 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 927 <div class="sectionbody">
 928 <div class="paragraph">
 929 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 930 </div>
 931 </div>
 932 </div>
 933 </div>
 934 <div id="footer">
 935 <div id="footer-text">
 936 Last updated 2024-02-02 14:30:49 -0800
 937 </div>
 938 </div>
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