gitformat-signature.html

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   8 <title>gitformat-signature(5)</title>
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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>gitformat-signature(5) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>gitformat-signature - Git cryptographic signature formats</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content">&lt;[tag|commit] object header(s)&gt;
 455 &lt;over-the-wire protocol&gt;</pre>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 </div>
 459 <div class="sect1">
 460 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 461 <div class="sectionbody">
 462 <div class="paragraph">
 463 <p>Git uses cryptographic signatures in various places, currently objects (tags,
 464 commits, mergetags) and transactions (pushes). In every case, the command which
 465 is about to create an object or transaction determines a payload from that,
 466 calls an external program to obtain a detached signature for the payload
 467 (<code>gpg -bsa</code> in the case of PGP signatures), and embeds the signature into the
 468 object or transaction.</p>
 469 </div>
 470 <div class="paragraph">
 471 <p>Signatures begin with an "ASCII Armor" header line and end with a tail line,
 472 which differ depending on signature type (as selected by <code>gpg.format</code>, see
 473 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). These are, for <code>gpg.format</code> values:</p>
 474 </div>
 475 <div class="dlist">
 476 <dl>
 477 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>gpg</code> (PGP)</dt>
 478 <dd>
 479 <p><code>-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----</code> and <code>-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----</code>.
 480 Or, if gpg is told to produce RFC1991 signatures,
 481 <code>-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----</code> and <code>-----END PGP MESSAGE-----</code></p>
 482 </dd>
 483 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>ssh</code> (SSH)</dt>
 484 <dd>
 485 <p><code>-----BEGIN SSH SIGNATURE-----</code> and <code>-----END SSH SIGNATURE-----</code></p>
 486 </dd>
 487 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x509</code> (X.509)</dt>
 488 <dd>
 489 <p><code>-----BEGIN SIGNED MESSAGE-----</code> and <code>-----END SIGNED MESSAGE-----</code></p>
 490 </dd>
 491 </dl>
 492 </div>
 493 <div class="paragraph">
 494 <p>Signatures sometimes appear as a part of the normal payload
 495 (e.g. a signed tag has the signature block appended after the payload
 496 that the signature applies to), and sometimes appear in the value of
 497 an object header (e.g. a merge commit that merged a signed tag would
 498 have the entire tag contents on its "mergetag" header).  In the case
 499 of the latter, the usual multi-line formatting rule for object
 500 headers applies.  I.e. the second and subsequent lines are prefixed
 501 with a SP to signal that the line is continued from the previous
 502 line.</p>
 503 </div>
 504 <div class="paragraph">
 505 <p>This is even true for an originally empty line.  In the following
 506 examples, the end of line that ends with a whitespace letter is
 507 highlighted with a <code>$</code> sign; if you are trying to recreate these
 508 example by hand, do not cut and paste them&#8212;&#8203;they are there
 509 primarily to highlight extra whitespace at the end of some lines.</p>
 510 </div>
 511 <div class="paragraph">
 512 <p>The signed payload and the way the signature is embedded depends
 513 on the type of the object resp. transaction.</p>
 514 </div>
 515 </div>
 516 </div>
 517 <div class="sect1">
 518 <h2 id="_tag_signatures">Tag signatures</h2>
 519 <div class="sectionbody">
 520 <div class="ulist">
 521 <ul>
 522 <li>
 523 <p>created by: <code>git tag -s</code></p>
 524 </li>
 525 <li>
 526 <p>payload: annotated tag object</p>
 527 </li>
 528 <li>
 529 <p>embedding: append the signature to the unsigned tag object</p>
 530 </li>
 531 <li>
 532 <p>example: tag <code>signedtag</code> with subject <code>signed tag</code></p>
 533 </li>
 534 </ul>
 535 </div>
 536 <div class="listingblock">
 537 <div class="content">
 538 <pre>object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
 539 type commit
 540 tag signedtag
 541 tagger C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465981006 +0000
 542
 543 signed tag
 544
 545 signed tag message body
 546 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 547 Version: GnuPG v1
 548
 549 iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn
 550 rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh
 551 8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods
 552 q8FWEqPPUbSJXoMbRPw04S5jrLtZSsUWbRYjmJCHzlhSfFWW4eFd37uquIaLUBS0
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 554 lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E=
 555 =jpXa
 556 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----</pre>
 557 </div>
 558 </div>
 559 <div class="ulist">
 560 <ul>
 561 <li>
 562 <p>verify with: <code>git verify-tag [-v]</code> or <code>git tag -v</code></p>
 563 </li>
 564 </ul>
 565 </div>
 566 <div class="listingblock">
 567 <div class="content">
 568 <pre>gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
 569 gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia &lt;discord@example.net&gt;"
 570 gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
 571 gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
 572 Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
 573 object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
 574 type commit
 575 tag signedtag
 576 tagger C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465981006 +0000
 577
 578 signed tag
 579
 580 signed tag message body</pre>
 581 </div>
 582 </div>
 583 </div>
 584 </div>
 585 <div class="sect1">
 586 <h2 id="_commit_signatures">Commit signatures</h2>
 587 <div class="sectionbody">
 588 <div class="ulist">
 589 <ul>
 590 <li>
 591 <p>created by: <code>git commit -S</code></p>
 592 </li>
 593 <li>
 594 <p>payload: commit object</p>
 595 </li>
 596 <li>
 597 <p>embedding: header entry <code>gpgsig</code>
 598 (content is preceded by a space)</p>
 599 </li>
 600 <li>
 601 <p>example: commit with subject <code>signed commit</code></p>
 602 </li>
 603 </ul>
 604 </div>
 605 <div class="listingblock">
 606 <div class="content">
 607 <pre>tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332
 608 parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
 609 author A U Thor &lt;author@example.com&gt; 1465981137 +0000
 610 committer C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465981137 +0000
 611 gpgsig -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 612  Version: GnuPG v1
 613  $
 614  iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRjRAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJ3IwIAIY4SA6GxY3BjL60YyvsJPh/
 615  HRCJwH+w7wt3Yc/9/bW2F+gF72kdHOOs2jfv+OZhq0q4OAN6fvVSczISY/82LpS7
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 618  HJhWXT9d2f8W+diRYXGh4X0wYiGg6na/soXc+vdtDYBzIxanRqjg8jCAeo1eOTk1
 619  EdTwhcTZlI0x5pvJ3H0+4hA2jtldVtmPM4OTB0cTrEWBad7XV6YgiyuII73Ve3I=
 620  =jKHM
 621  -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
 622
 623 signed commit
 624
 625 signed commit message body</pre>
 626 </div>
 627 </div>
 628 <div class="ulist">
 629 <ul>
 630 <li>
 631 <p>verify with: <code>git verify-commit [-v]</code> (or <code>git show --show-signature</code>)</p>
 632 </li>
 633 </ul>
 634 </div>
 635 <div class="listingblock">
 636 <div class="content">
 637 <pre>gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:58:57 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
 638 gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia &lt;discord@example.net&gt;"
 639 gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
 640 gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
 641 Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
 642 tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332
 643 parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
 644 author A U Thor &lt;author@example.com&gt; 1465981137 +0000
 645 committer C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465981137 +0000
 646
 647 signed commit
 648
 649 signed commit message body</pre>
 650 </div>
 651 </div>
 652 </div>
 653 </div>
 654 <div class="sect1">
 655 <h2 id="_mergetag_signatures">Mergetag signatures</h2>
 656 <div class="sectionbody">
 657 <div class="ulist">
 658 <ul>
 659 <li>
 660 <p>created by: <code>git merge</code> on signed tag</p>
 661 </li>
 662 <li>
 663 <p>payload/embedding: the whole signed tag object is embedded into
 664 the (merge) commit object as header entry <code>mergetag</code></p>
 665 </li>
 666 <li>
 667 <p>example: merge of the signed tag <code>signedtag</code> as above</p>
 668 </li>
 669 </ul>
 670 </div>
 671 <div class="listingblock">
 672 <div class="content">
 673 <pre>tree c7b1cff039a93f3600a1d18b82d26688668c7dea
 674 parent c33429be94b5f2d3ee9b0adad223f877f174b05d
 675 parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
 676 author A U Thor &lt;author@example.com&gt; 1465982009 +0000
 677 committer C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465982009 +0000
 678 mergetag object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
 679  type commit
 680  tag signedtag
 681  tagger C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465981006 +0000
 682  $
 683  signed tag
 684  $
 685  signed tag message body
 686  -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 687  Version: GnuPG v1
 688  $
 689  iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn
 690  rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh
 691  8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods
 692  q8FWEqPPUbSJXoMbRPw04S5jrLtZSsUWbRYjmJCHzlhSfFWW4eFd37uquIaLUBS0
 693  rkC3Jrx7420jkIpgFcTI2s60uhSQLzgcCwdA2ukSYIRnjg/zDkj8+3h/GaROJ72x
 694  lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E=
 695  =jpXa
 696  -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
 697
 698 Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream
 699
 700 signed tag
 701
 702 signed tag message body
 703
 704 # gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189
 705 # gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia &lt;discord@example.net&gt;"
 706 # gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
 707 # gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
 708 # Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189</pre>
 709 </div>
 710 </div>
 711 <div class="ulist">
 712 <ul>
 713 <li>
 714 <p>verify with: verification is embedded in merge commit message by default,
 715 alternatively with <code>git show --show-signature</code>:</p>
 716 </li>
 717 </ul>
 718 </div>
 719 <div class="listingblock">
 720 <div class="content">
 721 <pre>commit 9863f0c76ff78712b6800e199a46aa56afbcbd49
 722 merged tag 'signedtag'
 723 gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
 724 gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia &lt;discord@example.net&gt;"
 725 gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
 726 gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
 727 Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
 728 Merge: c33429b 04b8717
 729 Author: A U Thor &lt;author@example.com&gt;
 730 Date:   Wed Jun 15 09:13:29 2016 +0000
 731
 732     Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream
 733
 734     signed tag
 735
 736     signed tag message body
 737
 738     # gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189
 739     # gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia &lt;discord@example.net&gt;"
 740     # gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
 741     # gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
 742     # Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189</pre>
 743 </div>
 744 </div>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div class="sect1">
 748 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 749 <div class="sectionbody">
 750 <div class="paragraph">
 751 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 752 </div>
 753 </div>
 754 </div>
 755 </div>
 756 <div id="footer">
 757 <div id="footer-text">
 758 Last updated 2023-03-06 22:13:04 -0800
 759 </div>
 760 </div>
 761 </body>
 762 </html>