Autogenerated HTML docs for v2.38.1-119-g9c32c
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735 <body class="manpage">
736 <div id="header">
737 <h1>
738 git-for-each-ref(1) Manual Page
739 </h1>
740 <h2>NAME</h2>
741 <div class="sectionbody">
742 <p>git-for-each-ref -
743 Output information on each ref
744 </p>
745 </div>
746 </div>
747 <div id="content">
748 <div class="sect1">
749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
750 <div class="sectionbody">
751 <div class="verseblock">
752 <pre class="content"><em>git for-each-ref</em> [--count=&lt;count&gt;] [--shell|--perl|--python|--tcl]
753 [(--sort=&lt;key&gt;)&#8230;] [--format=&lt;format&gt;] [&lt;pattern&gt;&#8230;]
754 [--points-at=&lt;object&gt;]
755 [--merged[=&lt;object&gt;]] [--no-merged[=&lt;object&gt;]]
756 [--contains[=&lt;object&gt;]] [--no-contains[=&lt;object&gt;]]</pre>
757 <div class="attribution">
758 </div></div>
759 </div>
760 </div>
761 <div class="sect1">
762 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
763 <div class="sectionbody">
764 <div class="paragraph"><p>Iterate over all refs that match <code>&lt;pattern&gt;</code> and show them
765 according to the given <code>&lt;format&gt;</code>, after sorting them according
766 to the given set of <code>&lt;key&gt;</code>. If <code>&lt;count&gt;</code> is given, stop after
767 showing that many refs. The interpolated values in <code>&lt;format&gt;</code>
768 can optionally be quoted as string literals in the specified
769 host language allowing their direct evaluation in that language.</p></div>
770 </div>
771 </div>
772 <div class="sect1">
773 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
774 <div class="sectionbody">
775 <div class="dlist"><dl>
776 <dt class="hdlist1">
777 &lt;pattern&gt;&#8230;
778 </dt>
779 <dd>
781 If one or more patterns are given, only refs are shown that
782 match against at least one pattern, either using fnmatch(3) or
783 literally, in the latter case matching completely or from the
784 beginning up to a slash.
785 </p>
786 </dd>
787 <dt class="hdlist1">
788 --count=&lt;count&gt;
789 </dt>
790 <dd>
792 By default the command shows all refs that match
793 <code>&lt;pattern&gt;</code>. This option makes it stop after showing
794 that many refs.
795 </p>
796 </dd>
797 <dt class="hdlist1">
798 --sort=&lt;key&gt;
799 </dt>
800 <dd>
802 A field name to sort on. Prefix <code>-</code> to sort in
803 descending order of the value. When unspecified,
804 <code>refname</code> is used. You may use the --sort=&lt;key&gt; option
805 multiple times, in which case the last key becomes the primary
806 key.
807 </p>
808 </dd>
809 <dt class="hdlist1">
810 --format=&lt;format&gt;
811 </dt>
812 <dd>
814 A string that interpolates <code>%(fieldname)</code> from a ref being shown
815 and the object it points at. If <code>fieldname</code>
816 is prefixed with an asterisk (<code>*</code>) and the ref points
817 at a tag object, use the value for the field in the object
818 which the tag object refers to (instead of the field in the tag object).
819 When unspecified, <code>&lt;format&gt;</code> defaults to
820 <code>%(objectname) SPC %(objecttype) TAB %(refname)</code>.
821 It also interpolates <code>%%</code> to <code>%</code>, and <code>%xx</code> where <code>xx</code>
822 are hex digits interpolates to character with hex code
823 <code>xx</code>; for example <code>%00</code> interpolates to <code>\0</code> (NUL),
824 <code>%09</code> to <code>\t</code> (TAB) and <code>%0a</code> to <code>\n</code> (LF).
825 </p>
826 </dd>
827 <dt class="hdlist1">
828 --color[=&lt;when&gt;]
829 </dt>
830 <dd>
832 Respect any colors specified in the <code>--format</code> option. The
833 <code>&lt;when&gt;</code> field must be one of <code>always</code>, <code>never</code>, or <code>auto</code> (if
834 <code>&lt;when&gt;</code> is absent, behave as if <code>always</code> was given).
835 </p>
836 </dd>
837 <dt class="hdlist1">
838 --shell
839 </dt>
840 <dt class="hdlist1">
841 --perl
842 </dt>
843 <dt class="hdlist1">
844 --python
845 </dt>
846 <dt class="hdlist1">
847 --tcl
848 </dt>
849 <dd>
851 If given, strings that substitute <code>%(fieldname)</code>
852 placeholders are quoted as string literals suitable for
853 the specified host language. This is meant to produce
854 a scriptlet that can directly be `eval`ed.
855 </p>
856 </dd>
857 <dt class="hdlist1">
858 --points-at=&lt;object&gt;
859 </dt>
860 <dd>
862 Only list refs which points at the given object.
863 </p>
864 </dd>
865 <dt class="hdlist1">
866 --merged[=&lt;object&gt;]
867 </dt>
868 <dd>
870 Only list refs whose tips are reachable from the
871 specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
872 </p>
873 </dd>
874 <dt class="hdlist1">
875 --no-merged[=&lt;object&gt;]
876 </dt>
877 <dd>
879 Only list refs whose tips are not reachable from the
880 specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
881 </p>
882 </dd>
883 <dt class="hdlist1">
884 --contains[=&lt;object&gt;]
885 </dt>
886 <dd>
888 Only list refs which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not
889 specified).
890 </p>
891 </dd>
892 <dt class="hdlist1">
893 --no-contains[=&lt;object&gt;]
894 </dt>
895 <dd>
897 Only list refs which don&#8217;t contain the specified commit (HEAD
898 if not specified).
899 </p>
900 </dd>
901 <dt class="hdlist1">
902 --ignore-case
903 </dt>
904 <dd>
906 Sorting and filtering refs are case insensitive.
907 </p>
908 </dd>
909 </dl></div>
910 </div>
911 </div>
912 <div class="sect1">
913 <h2 id="_field_names">FIELD NAMES</h2>
914 <div class="sectionbody">
915 <div class="paragraph"><p>Various values from structured fields in referenced objects can
916 be used to interpolate into the resulting output, or as sort
917 keys.</p></div>
918 <div class="paragraph"><p>For all objects, the following names can be used:</p></div>
919 <div class="dlist"><dl>
920 <dt class="hdlist1">
921 refname
922 </dt>
923 <dd>
925 The name of the ref (the part after $GIT_DIR/).
926 For a non-ambiguous short name of the ref append <code>:short</code>.
927 The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
928 abbreviation mode. If <code>lstrip=&lt;N&gt;</code> (<code>rstrip=&lt;N&gt;</code>) is appended, strips <code>&lt;N&gt;</code>
929 slash-separated path components from the front (back) of the refname
930 (e.g. <code>%(refname:lstrip=2)</code> turns <code>refs/tags/foo</code> into <code>foo</code> and
931 <code>%(refname:rstrip=2)</code> turns <code>refs/tags/foo</code> into <code>refs</code>).
932 If <code>&lt;N&gt;</code> is a negative number, strip as many path components as
933 necessary from the specified end to leave <code>-&lt;N&gt;</code> path components
934 (e.g. <code>%(refname:lstrip=-2)</code> turns
935 <code>refs/tags/foo</code> into <code>tags/foo</code> and <code>%(refname:rstrip=-1)</code>
936 turns <code>refs/tags/foo</code> into <code>refs</code>). When the ref does not have
937 enough components, the result becomes an empty string if
938 stripping with positive &lt;N&gt;, or it becomes the full refname if
939 stripping with negative &lt;N&gt;. Neither is an error.
940 </p>
941 <div class="paragraph"><p><code>strip</code> can be used as a synonym to <code>lstrip</code>.</p></div>
942 </dd>
943 <dt class="hdlist1">
944 objecttype
945 </dt>
946 <dd>
948 The type of the object (<code>blob</code>, <code>tree</code>, <code>commit</code>, <code>tag</code>).
949 </p>
950 </dd>
951 <dt class="hdlist1">
952 objectsize
953 </dt>
954 <dd>
956 The size of the object (the same as <em>git cat-file -s</em> reports).
957 Append <code>:disk</code> to get the size, in bytes, that the object takes up on
958 disk. See the note about on-disk sizes in the <code>CAVEATS</code> section below.
959 </p>
960 </dd>
961 <dt class="hdlist1">
962 objectname
963 </dt>
964 <dd>
966 The object name (aka SHA-1).
967 For a non-ambiguous abbreviation of the object name append <code>:short</code>.
968 For an abbreviation of the object name with desired length append
969 <code>:short=&lt;length&gt;</code>, where the minimum length is MINIMUM_ABBREV. The
970 length may be exceeded to ensure unique object names.
971 </p>
972 </dd>
973 <dt class="hdlist1">
974 deltabase
975 </dt>
976 <dd>
978 This expands to the object name of the delta base for the
979 given object, if it is stored as a delta. Otherwise it
980 expands to the null object name (all zeroes).
981 </p>
982 </dd>
983 <dt class="hdlist1">
984 upstream
985 </dt>
986 <dd>
988 The name of a local ref which can be considered &#8220;upstream&#8221;
989 from the displayed ref. Respects <code>:short</code>, <code>:lstrip</code> and
990 <code>:rstrip</code> in the same way as <code>refname</code> above. Additionally
991 respects <code>:track</code> to show "[ahead N, behind M]" and
992 <code>:trackshort</code> to show the terse version: "&gt;" (ahead), "&lt;"
993 (behind), "&lt;&gt;" (ahead and behind), or "=" (in sync). <code>:track</code>
994 also prints "[gone]" whenever unknown upstream ref is
995 encountered. Append <code>:track,nobracket</code> to show tracking
996 information without brackets (i.e "ahead N, behind M").
997 </p>
998 <div class="paragraph"><p>For any remote-tracking branch <code>%(upstream)</code>, <code>%(upstream:remotename)</code>
999 and <code>%(upstream:remoteref)</code> refer to the name of the remote and the
1000 name of the tracked remote ref, respectively. In other words, the
1001 remote-tracking branch can be updated explicitly and individually by
1002 using the refspec <code>%(upstream:remoteref):%(upstream)</code> to fetch from
1003 <code>%(upstream:remotename)</code>.</p></div>
1004 <div class="paragraph"><p>Has no effect if the ref does not have tracking information associated
1005 with it. All the options apart from <code>nobracket</code> are mutually exclusive,
1006 but if used together the last option is selected.</p></div>
1007 </dd>
1008 <dt class="hdlist1">
1009 push
1010 </dt>
1011 <dd>
1013 The name of a local ref which represents the <code>@{push}</code>
1014 location for the displayed ref. Respects <code>:short</code>, <code>:lstrip</code>,
1015 <code>:rstrip</code>, <code>:track</code>, <code>:trackshort</code>, <code>:remotename</code>, and <code>:remoteref</code>
1016 options as <code>upstream</code> does. Produces an empty string if no <code>@{push}</code>
1017 ref is configured.
1018 </p>
1019 </dd>
1020 <dt class="hdlist1">
1021 HEAD
1022 </dt>
1023 <dd>
1025 <em>*</em> if HEAD matches current ref (the checked out branch), ' '
1026 otherwise.
1027 </p>
1028 </dd>
1029 <dt class="hdlist1">
1030 color
1031 </dt>
1032 <dd>
1034 Change output color. Followed by <code>:&lt;colorname&gt;</code>, where color
1035 names are described under Values in the "CONFIGURATION FILE"
1036 section of <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. For example,
1037 <code>%(color:bold red)</code>.
1038 </p>
1039 </dd>
1040 <dt class="hdlist1">
1041 align
1042 </dt>
1043 <dd>
1045 Left-, middle-, or right-align the content between
1046 %(align:&#8230;) and %(end). The "align:" is followed by
1047 <code>width=&lt;width&gt;</code> and <code>position=&lt;position&gt;</code> in any order
1048 separated by a comma, where the <code>&lt;position&gt;</code> is either left,
1049 right or middle, default being left and <code>&lt;width&gt;</code> is the total
1050 length of the content with alignment. For brevity, the
1051 "width=" and/or "position=" prefixes may be omitted, and bare
1052 &lt;width&gt; and &lt;position&gt; used instead. For instance,
1053 <code>%(align:&lt;width&gt;,&lt;position&gt;)</code>. If the contents length is more
1054 than the width then no alignment is performed. If used with
1055 <code>--quote</code> everything in between %(align:&#8230;) and %(end) is
1056 quoted, but if nested then only the topmost level performs
1057 quoting.
1058 </p>
1059 </dd>
1060 <dt class="hdlist1">
1062 </dt>
1063 <dd>
1065 Used as %(if)&#8230;%(then)&#8230;%(end) or
1066 %(if)&#8230;%(then)&#8230;%(else)&#8230;%(end). If there is an atom with
1067 value or string literal after the %(if) then everything after
1068 the %(then) is printed, else if the %(else) atom is used, then
1069 everything after %(else) is printed. We ignore space when
1070 evaluating the string before %(then), this is useful when we
1071 use the %(HEAD) atom which prints either "*" or " " and we
1072 want to apply the <em>if</em> condition only on the <em>HEAD</em> ref.
1073 Append ":equals=&lt;string&gt;" or ":notequals=&lt;string&gt;" to compare
1074 the value between the %(if:&#8230;) and %(then) atoms with the
1075 given string.
1076 </p>
1077 </dd>
1078 <dt class="hdlist1">
1079 symref
1080 </dt>
1081 <dd>
1083 The ref which the given symbolic ref refers to. If not a
1084 symbolic ref, nothing is printed. Respects the <code>:short</code>,
1085 <code>:lstrip</code> and <code>:rstrip</code> options in the same way as <code>refname</code>
1086 above.
1087 </p>
1088 </dd>
1089 <dt class="hdlist1">
1090 worktreepath
1091 </dt>
1092 <dd>
1094 The absolute path to the worktree in which the ref is checked
1095 out, if it is checked out in any linked worktree. Empty string
1096 otherwise.
1097 </p>
1098 </dd>
1099 </dl></div>
1100 <div class="paragraph"><p>In addition to the above, for commit and tag objects, the header
1101 field names (<code>tree</code>, <code>parent</code>, <code>object</code>, <code>type</code>, and <code>tag</code>) can
1102 be used to specify the value in the header field.
1103 Fields <code>tree</code> and <code>parent</code> can also be used with modifier <code>:short</code> and
1104 <code>:short=&lt;length&gt;</code> just like <code>objectname</code>.</p></div>
1105 <div class="paragraph"><p>For commit and tag objects, the special <code>creatordate</code> and <code>creator</code>
1106 fields will correspond to the appropriate date or name-email-date tuple
1107 from the <code>committer</code> or <code>tagger</code> fields depending on the object type.
1108 These are intended for working on a mix of annotated and lightweight tags.</p></div>
1109 <div class="paragraph"><p>Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (<code>author</code>,
1110 <code>committer</code>, and <code>tagger</code>) can be suffixed with <code>name</code>, <code>email</code>,
1111 and <code>date</code> to extract the named component. For email fields (<code>authoremail</code>,
1112 <code>committeremail</code> and <code>taggeremail</code>), <code>:trim</code> can be appended to get the email
1113 without angle brackets, and <code>:localpart</code> to get the part before the <code>@</code> symbol
1114 out of the trimmed email.</p></div>
1115 <div class="paragraph"><p>The raw data in an object is <code>raw</code>.</p></div>
1116 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1117 <dt class="hdlist1">
1118 raw:size
1119 </dt>
1120 <dd>
1122 The raw data size of the object.
1123 </p>
1124 </dd>
1125 </dl></div>
1126 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that <code>--format=%(raw)</code> can not be used with <code>--python</code>, <code>--shell</code>, <code>--tcl</code>,
1127 because such language may not support arbitrary binary data in their string
1128 variable type.</p></div>
1129 <div class="paragraph"><p>The message in a commit or a tag object is <code>contents</code>, from which
1130 <code>contents:&lt;part&gt;</code> can be used to extract various parts out of:</p></div>
1131 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1132 <dt class="hdlist1">
1133 contents:size
1134 </dt>
1135 <dd>
1137 The size in bytes of the commit or tag message.
1138 </p>
1139 </dd>
1140 <dt class="hdlist1">
1141 contents:subject
1142 </dt>
1143 <dd>
1145 The first paragraph of the message, which typically is a
1146 single line, is taken as the "subject" of the commit or the
1147 tag message.
1148 Instead of <code>contents:subject</code>, field <code>subject</code> can also be used to
1149 obtain same results. <code>:sanitize</code> can be appended to <code>subject</code> for
1150 subject line suitable for filename.
1151 </p>
1152 </dd>
1153 <dt class="hdlist1">
1154 contents:body
1155 </dt>
1156 <dd>
1158 The remainder of the commit or the tag message that follows
1159 the "subject".
1160 </p>
1161 </dd>
1162 <dt class="hdlist1">
1163 contents:signature
1164 </dt>
1165 <dd>
1167 The optional GPG signature of the tag.
1168 </p>
1169 </dd>
1170 <dt class="hdlist1">
1171 contents:lines=N
1172 </dt>
1173 <dd>
1175 The first <code>N</code> lines of the message.
1176 </p>
1177 </dd>
1178 </dl></div>
1179 <div class="paragraph"><p>Additionally, the trailers as interpreted by <a href="git-interpret-trailers.html">git-interpret-trailers(1)</a>
1180 are obtained as <code>trailers[:options]</code> (or by using the historical alias
1181 <code>contents:trailers[:options]</code>). For valid [:option] values see <code>trailers</code>
1182 section of <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>.</p></div>
1183 <div class="paragraph"><p>For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric order
1184 (<code>objectsize</code>, <code>authordate</code>, <code>committerdate</code>, <code>creatordate</code>, <code>taggerdate</code>).
1185 All other fields are used to sort in their byte-value order.</p></div>
1186 <div class="paragraph"><p>There is also an option to sort by versions, this can be done by using
1187 the fieldname <code>version:refname</code> or its alias <code>v:refname</code>.</p></div>
1188 <div class="paragraph"><p>In any case, a field name that refers to a field inapplicable to
1189 the object referred by the ref does not cause an error. It
1190 returns an empty string instead.</p></div>
1191 <div class="paragraph"><p>As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format for
1192 the date by adding <code>:</code> followed by date format name (see the
1193 values the <code>--date</code> option to <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a> takes).</p></div>
1194 <div class="paragraph"><p>Some atoms like %(align) and %(if) always require a matching %(end).
1195 We call them "opening atoms" and sometimes denote them as %($open).</p></div>
1196 <div class="paragraph"><p>When a scripting language specific quoting is in effect, everything
1197 between a top-level opening atom and its matching %(end) is evaluated
1198 according to the semantics of the opening atom and only its result
1199 from the top-level is quoted.</p></div>
1200 </div>
1201 </div>
1202 <div class="sect1">
1203 <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
1204 <div class="sectionbody">
1205 <div class="paragraph"><p>An example directly producing formatted text. Show the most recent
1206 3 tagged commits:</p></div>
1207 <div class="listingblock">
1208 <div class="content">
1209 <pre><code>#!/bin/sh
1211 git for-each-ref --count=3 --sort='-*authordate' \
1212 --format='From: %(*authorname) %(*authoremail)
1213 Subject: %(*subject)
1214 Date: %(*authordate)
1215 Ref: %(*refname)
1217 %(*body)
1218 ' 'refs/tags'</code></pre>
1219 </div></div>
1220 <div class="paragraph"><p>A simple example showing the use of shell eval on the output,
1221 demonstrating the use of --shell. List the prefixes of all heads:</p></div>
1222 <div class="listingblock">
1223 <div class="content">
1224 <pre><code>#!/bin/sh
1226 git for-each-ref --shell --format="ref=%(refname)" refs/heads | \
1227 while read entry
1229 eval "$entry"
1230 echo `dirname $ref`
1231 done</code></pre>
1232 </div></div>
1233 <div class="paragraph"><p>A bit more elaborate report on tags, demonstrating that the format
1234 may be an entire script:</p></div>
1235 <div class="listingblock">
1236 <div class="content">
1237 <pre><code>#!/bin/sh
1239 fmt='
1240 r=%(refname)
1241 t=%(*objecttype)
1242 T=${r#refs/tags/}
1244 o=%(*objectname)
1245 n=%(*authorname)
1246 e=%(*authoremail)
1247 s=%(*subject)
1248 d=%(*authordate)
1249 b=%(*body)
1251 kind=Tag
1252 if test "z$t" = z
1253 then
1254 # could be a lightweight tag
1255 t=%(objecttype)
1256 kind="Lightweight tag"
1257 o=%(objectname)
1258 n=%(authorname)
1259 e=%(authoremail)
1260 s=%(subject)
1261 d=%(authordate)
1262 b=%(body)
1264 echo "$kind $T points at a $t object $o"
1265 if test "z$t" = zcommit
1266 then
1267 echo "The commit was authored by $n $e
1268 at $d, and titled
1272 Its message reads as:
1274 echo "$b" | sed -e "s/^/ /"
1275 echo
1279 eval=`git for-each-ref --shell --format="$fmt" \
1280 --sort='*objecttype' \
1281 --sort=-taggerdate \
1282 refs/tags`
1283 eval "$eval"</code></pre>
1284 </div></div>
1285 <div class="paragraph"><p>An example to show the usage of %(if)&#8230;%(then)&#8230;%(else)&#8230;%(end).
1286 This prefixes the current branch with a star.</p></div>
1287 <div class="listingblock">
1288 <div class="content">
1289 <pre><code>git for-each-ref --format="%(if)%(HEAD)%(then)* %(else) %(end)%(refname:short)" refs/heads/</code></pre>
1290 </div></div>
1291 <div class="paragraph"><p>An example to show the usage of %(if)&#8230;%(then)&#8230;%(end).
1292 This prints the authorname, if present.</p></div>
1293 <div class="listingblock">
1294 <div class="content">
1295 <pre><code>git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)%(if)%(authorname)%(then) Authored by: %(authorname)%(end)"</code></pre>
1296 </div></div>
1297 </div>
1298 </div>
1299 <div class="sect1">
1300 <h2 id="_caveats">CAVEATS</h2>
1301 <div class="sectionbody">
1302 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care
1303 should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are
1304 responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be
1305 much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the
1306 choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary
1307 and is subject to change during a repack.</p></div>
1308 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note also that multiple copies of an object may be present in the object
1309 database; in this case, it is undefined which copy&#8217;s size or delta base
1310 will be reported.</p></div>
1311 </div>
1312 </div>
1313 <div class="sect1">
1314 <h2 id="_notes">NOTES</h2>
1315 <div class="sectionbody">
1316 <div class="paragraph"><p>When combining multiple <code>--contains</code> and <code>--no-contains</code> filters, only
1317 references that contain at least one of the <code>--contains</code> commits and
1318 contain none of the <code>--no-contains</code> commits are shown.</p></div>
1319 <div class="paragraph"><p>When combining multiple <code>--merged</code> and <code>--no-merged</code> filters, only
1320 references that are reachable from at least one of the <code>--merged</code>
1321 commits and from none of the <code>--no-merged</code> commits are shown.</p></div>
1322 </div>
1323 </div>
1324 <div class="sect1">
1325 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1326 <div class="sectionbody">
1327 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-show-ref.html">git-show-ref(1)</a></p></div>
1328 </div>
1329 </div>
1330 <div class="sect1">
1331 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1332 <div class="sectionbody">
1333 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1334 </div>
1335 </div>
1336 </div>
1337 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
1338 <div id="footer">
1339 <div id="footer-text">
1340 Last updated
1341 2021-08-24 17:58:56 PDT
1342 </div>
1343 </div>
1344 </body>
1345 </html>