howto/new-command.html

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   8 <title>How to integrate new subcommands</title>
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 440 </head>
 441 <body class="article">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>How to integrate new subcommands</h1>
 444 <div class="details">
 445 <span id="revdate">2024-09-10</span>
 446 </div>
 447 </div>
 448 <div id="content">
 449 <div id="preamble">
 450 <div class="sectionbody">
 451 <div class="paragraph">
 452 <p>This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
 453 commands to Git.  It should be read alongside builtin.h.</p>
 454 </div>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 <div class="sect1">
 458 <h2 id="_runtime_environment">Runtime environment</h2>
 459 <div class="sectionbody">
 460 <div class="paragraph">
 461 <p>Git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the Git exec
 462 path, normally /usr/lib/git-core.  The git executable itself is a
 463 thin wrapper that knows where the subcommands live, and runs them by
 464 passing command-line arguments to them.</p>
 465 </div>
 466 <div class="paragraph">
 467 <p>(If "git foo" is not found in the Git exec path, the wrapper
 468 will look in the rest of your $PATH for it.  Thus, it&#8217;s possible
 469 to write local Git extensions that don&#8217;t live in system space.)</p>
 470 </div>
 471 </div>
 472 </div>
 473 <div class="sect1">
 474 <h2 id="_implementation_languages">Implementation languages</h2>
 475 <div class="sectionbody">
 476 <div class="paragraph">
 477 <p>Most subcommands are written in C or shell.  A few are written in
 478 Perl.</p>
 479 </div>
 480 <div class="paragraph">
 481 <p>While we strongly encourage coding in portable C for portability,
 482 these specific scripting languages are also acceptable.  We won&#8217;t
 483 accept more without a very strong technical case, as we don&#8217;t want
 484 to broaden the Git suite&#8217;s required dependencies.  Import utilities,
 485 surgical tools, remote helpers and other code at the edges of the
 486 Git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk),
 487 but they should not be used for core functions.</p>
 488 </div>
 489 <div class="paragraph">
 490 <p>This may change in the future.  Especially Python is not allowed in
 491 core because we need better Python integration in the Git Windows
 492 installer before we can be confident people in that environment
 493 won&#8217;t experience an unacceptably large loss of capability.</p>
 494 </div>
 495 <div class="paragraph">
 496 <p>C commands are normally written as single modules, named after the
 497 command, that link a collection of functions called libgit.  Thus,
 498 your command <em>git-foo</em> would normally be implemented as a single
 499 "git-foo.c" (or "builtin/foo.c" if it is to be linked to the main
 500 binary); this organization makes it easy for people reading the code
 501 to find things.</p>
 502 </div>
 503 <div class="paragraph">
 504 <p>See the CodingGuidelines document for other guidance on what we consider
 505 good practice in C and shell, and api-builtin.txt for the support
 506 functions available to built-in commands written in C.</p>
 507 </div>
 508 </div>
 509 </div>
 510 <div class="sect1">
 511 <h2 id="_what_every_extension_command_needs">What every extension command needs</h2>
 512 <div class="sectionbody">
 513 <div class="paragraph">
 514 <p>You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what Git help
 515 followed by your subcommand name will display).  Be aware that there is
 516 a local asciidoc configuration and macros which you should use.  It&#8217;s
 517 often helpful to start by cloning an existing page and replacing the
 518 text content.</p>
 519 </div>
 520 <div class="paragraph">
 521 <p>You must have a test, written to report in TAP (Test Anything Protocol).
 522 Tests are executables (usually shell scripts) that live in the <em>t</em>
 523 subdirectory of the tree.  Each test name begins with <em>t</em> and a sequence
 524 number that controls where in the test sequence it will be executed;
 525 conventionally the rest of the name stem is that of the command
 526 being tested.</p>
 527 </div>
 528 <div class="paragraph">
 529 <p>Read the file t/README to learn more about the conventions to be used
 530 in writing tests, and the test support library.</p>
 531 </div>
 532 </div>
 533 </div>
 534 <div class="sect1">
 535 <h2 id="_integrating_a_command">Integrating a command</h2>
 536 <div class="sectionbody">
 537 <div class="paragraph">
 538 <p>Here are the things you need to do when you want to merge a new
 539 subcommand into the Git tree.</p>
 540 </div>
 541 <div class="olist arabic">
 542 <ol class="arabic">
 543 <li>
 544 <p>Don&#8217;t forget to sign off your patch!</p>
 545 </li>
 546 <li>
 547 <p>Append your command name to one of the variables BUILTIN_OBJS,
 548 EXTRA_PROGRAMS, SCRIPT_SH, SCRIPT_PERL or SCRIPT_PYTHON.</p>
 549 </li>
 550 <li>
 551 <p>Drop its test in the t directory.</p>
 552 </li>
 553 <li>
 554 <p>If your command is implemented in an interpreted language with a
 555 p-code intermediate form, make sure .gitignore in the main directory
 556 includes a pattern entry that ignores such files.  Python .pyc and
 557 .pyo files will already be covered.</p>
 558 </li>
 559 <li>
 560 <p>If your command has any dependency on a particular version of
 561 your language, document it in the INSTALL file.</p>
 562 </li>
 563 <li>
 564 <p>There is a file command-list.txt in the distribution main directory
 565 that categorizes commands by type, so they can be listed in appropriate
 566 subsections in the documentation&#8217;s summary command list.  Add an entry
 567 for yours.  To understand the categories, look at command-list.txt
 568 in the main directory.  If the new command is part of the typical Git
 569 workflow and you believe it common enough to be mentioned in <em>git help</em>,
 570 map this command to a common group in the column [common].</p>
 571 </li>
 572 <li>
 573 <p>Give the maintainer one paragraph to include in the RelNotes file
 574 to describe the new feature; a good place to do so is in the cover
 575 letter [PATCH 0/n].</p>
 576 </li>
 577 </ol>
 578 </div>
 579 <div class="paragraph">
 580 <p>That&#8217;s all there is to it.</p>
 581 </div>
 582 </div>
 583 </div>
 584 </div>
 585 <div id="footer">
 586 <div id="footer-text">
 587 Last updated 2024-09-10 13:23:32 -0700
 588 </div>
 589 </div>
 590 </body>
 591 </html>