gitnamespaces.html

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 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 gitnamespaces(7) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>gitnamespaces -
 743    Git namespaces
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="verseblock">
 752 <pre class="content">GIT_NAMESPACE=&lt;namespace&gt; <em>git upload-pack</em>
 753 GIT_NAMESPACE=&lt;namespace&gt; <em>git receive-pack</em></pre>
 754 <div class="attribution">
 755 </div></div>
 756 </div>
 757 </div>
 758 <div class="sect1">
 759 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 760 <div class="sectionbody">
 761 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git supports dividing the refs of a single repository into multiple
 762 namespaces, each of which has its own branches, tags, and HEAD.  Git can
 763 expose each namespace as an independent repository to pull from and push
 764 to, while sharing the object store, and exposing all the refs to
 765 operations such as <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>.</p></div>
 766 <div class="paragraph"><p>Storing multiple repositories as namespaces of a single repository
 767 avoids storing duplicate copies of the same objects, such as when
 768 storing multiple branches of the same source.  The alternates mechanism
 769 provides similar support for avoiding duplicates, but alternates do not
 770 prevent duplication between new objects added to the repositories
 771 without ongoing maintenance, while namespaces do.</p></div>
 772 <div class="paragraph"><p>To specify a namespace, set the <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code> environment variable to
 773 the namespace.  For each ref namespace, Git stores the corresponding
 774 refs in a directory under <code>refs/namespaces/</code>.  For example,
 775 <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=foo</code> will store refs under <code>refs/namespaces/foo/</code>.  You
 776 can also specify namespaces via the <code>--namespace</code> option to
 777 <a href="git.html">git(1)</a>.</p></div>
 778 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that namespaces which include a <code>/</code> will expand to a hierarchy of
 779 namespaces; for example, <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=foo/bar</code> will store refs under
 780 <code>refs/namespaces/foo/refs/namespaces/bar/</code>.  This makes paths in
 781 <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code> behave hierarchically, so that cloning with
 782 <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=foo/bar</code> produces the same result as cloning with
 783 <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=foo</code> and cloning from that repo with <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=bar</code>.  It
 784 also avoids ambiguity with strange namespace paths such as <code>foo/refs/heads/</code>,
 785 which could otherwise generate directory/file conflicts within the <code>refs</code>
 786 directory.</p></div>
 787 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-upload-pack.html">git-upload-pack(1)</a> and <a href="git-receive-pack.html">git-receive-pack(1)</a> rewrite the
 788 names of refs as specified by <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code>.  git-upload-pack and
 789 git-receive-pack will ignore all references outside the specified
 790 namespace.</p></div>
 791 <div class="paragraph"><p>The smart HTTP server, <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a>, will pass
 792 GIT_NAMESPACE through to the backend programs; see
 793 <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a> for sample configuration to expose
 794 repository namespaces as repositories.</p></div>
 795 <div class="paragraph"><p>For a simple local test, you can use <a href="git-remote-ext.html">git-remote-ext(1)</a>:</p></div>
 796 <div class="listingblock">
 797 <div class="content">
 798 <pre><code>git clone ext::'git --namespace=foo %s /tmp/prefixed.git'</code></pre>
 799 </div></div>
 800 </div>
 801 </div>
 802 <div class="sect1">
 803 <h2 id="_security">SECURITY</h2>
 804 <div class="sectionbody">
 805 <div class="paragraph"><p>The fetch and push protocols are not designed to prevent one side from
 806 stealing data from the other repository that was not intended to be
 807 shared. If you have private data that you need to protect from a malicious
 808 peer, your best option is to store it in another repository. This applies
 809 to both clients and servers. In particular, namespaces on a server are not
 810 effective for read access control; you should only grant read access to a
 811 namespace to clients that you would trust with read access to the entire
 812 repository.</p></div>
 813 <div class="paragraph"><p>The known attack vectors are as follows:</p></div>
 814 <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
 815 <li>
 816 <p>
 817 The victim sends "have" lines advertising the IDs of objects it has that
 818   are not explicitly intended to be shared but can be used to optimize the
 819   transfer if the peer also has them. The attacker chooses an object ID X
 820   to steal and sends a ref to X, but isn&#8217;t required to send the content of
 821   X because the victim already has it. Now the victim believes that the
 822   attacker has X, and it sends the content of X back to the attacker
 823   later. (This attack is most straightforward for a client to perform on a
 824   server, by creating a ref to X in the namespace the client has access
 825   to and then fetching it. The most likely way for a server to perform it
 826   on a client is to "merge" X into a public branch and hope that the user
 827   does additional work on this branch and pushes it back to the server
 828   without noticing the merge.)
 829 </p>
 830 </li>
 831 <li>
 832 <p>
 833 As in #1, the attacker chooses an object ID X to steal. The victim sends
 834   an object Y that the attacker already has, and the attacker falsely
 835   claims to have X and not Y, so the victim sends Y as a delta against X.
 836   The delta reveals regions of X that are similar to Y to the attacker.
 837 </p>
 838 </li>
 839 </ol></div>
 840 </div>
 841 </div>
 842 <div class="sect1">
 843 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 844 <div class="sectionbody">
 845 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
 846 </div>
 847 </div>
 848 </div>
 849 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
 850 <div id="footer">
 851 <div id="footer-text">
 852 Last updated
 853  2021-05-06 21:22:01 PDT
 854 </div>
 855 </div>
 856 </body>
 857 </html>