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 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 git-pack-objects(1) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>git-pack-objects -
 743    Create a packed archive of objects
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="verseblock">
 752 <pre class="content"><em>git pack-objects</em> [-q | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied]
 753         [--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
 754         [--local] [--incremental] [--window=&lt;n&gt;] [--depth=&lt;n&gt;]
 755         [--revs [--unpacked | --all]] [--keep-pack=&lt;pack-name&gt;]
 756         [--cruft] [--cruft-expiration=&lt;time&gt;]
 757         [--stdout [--filter=&lt;filter-spec&gt;] | &lt;base-name&gt;]
 758         [--shallow] [--keep-true-parents] [--[no-]sparse] &lt; &lt;object-list&gt;</pre>
 759 <div class="attribution">
 760 </div></div>
 761 </div>
 762 </div>
 763 <div class="sect1">
 764 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 765 <div class="sectionbody">
 766 <div class="paragraph"><p>Reads list of objects from the standard input, and writes either one or
 767 more packed archives with the specified base-name to disk, or a packed
 768 archive to the standard output.</p></div>
 769 <div class="paragraph"><p>A packed archive is an efficient way to transfer a set of objects
 770 between two repositories as well as an access efficient archival
 771 format.  In a packed archive, an object is either stored as a
 772 compressed whole or as a difference from some other object.
 773 The latter is often called a delta.</p></div>
 774 <div class="paragraph"><p>The packed archive format (.pack) is designed to be self-contained
 775 so that it can be unpacked without any further information. Therefore,
 776 each object that a delta depends upon must be present within the pack.</p></div>
 777 <div class="paragraph"><p>A pack index file (.idx) is generated for fast, random access to the
 778 objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed
 779 archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
 780 any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
 781 enables Git to read from the pack archive.</p></div>
 782 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>git unpack-objects</em> command can read the packed archive and
 783 expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
 784 one-object" format; this is typically done by the smart-pull
 785 commands when a pack is created on-the-fly for efficient network
 786 transport by their peers.</p></div>
 787 </div>
 788 </div>
 789 <div class="sect1">
 790 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 791 <div class="sectionbody">
 792 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 793 <dt class="hdlist1">
 794 base-name
 795 </dt>
 796 <dd>
 797 <p>
 798         Write into pairs of files (.pack and .idx), using
 799         &lt;base-name&gt; to determine the name of the created file.
 800         When this option is used, the two files in a pair are written in
 801         &lt;base-name&gt;-&lt;SHA-1&gt;.{pack,idx} files.  &lt;SHA-1&gt; is a hash
 802         based on the pack content and is written to the standard
 803         output of the command.
 804 </p>
 805 </dd>
 806 <dt class="hdlist1">
 807 --stdout
 808 </dt>
 809 <dd>
 810 <p>
 811         Write the pack contents (what would have been written to
 812         .pack file) out to the standard output.
 813 </p>
 814 </dd>
 815 <dt class="hdlist1">
 816 --revs
 817 </dt>
 818 <dd>
 819 <p>
 820         Read the revision arguments from the standard input, instead of
 821         individual object names.  The revision arguments are processed
 822         the same way as <em>git rev-list</em> with the <code>--objects</code> flag
 823         uses its <code>commit</code> arguments to build the list of objects it
 824         outputs.  The objects on the resulting list are packed.
 825         Besides revisions, <code>--not</code> or <code>--shallow &lt;SHA-1&gt;</code> lines are
 826         also accepted.
 827 </p>
 828 </dd>
 829 <dt class="hdlist1">
 830 --unpacked
 831 </dt>
 832 <dd>
 833 <p>
 834         This implies <code>--revs</code>.  When processing the list of
 835         revision arguments read from the standard input, limit
 836         the objects packed to those that are not already packed.
 837 </p>
 838 </dd>
 839 <dt class="hdlist1">
 840 --all
 841 </dt>
 842 <dd>
 843 <p>
 844         This implies <code>--revs</code>.  In addition to the list of
 845         revision arguments read from the standard input, pretend
 846         as if all refs under <code>refs/</code> are specified to be
 847         included.
 848 </p>
 849 </dd>
 850 <dt class="hdlist1">
 851 --include-tag
 852 </dt>
 853 <dd>
 854 <p>
 855         Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
 856         reference was included in the resulting packfile.  This
 857         can be useful to send new tags to native Git clients.
 858 </p>
 859 </dd>
 860 <dt class="hdlist1">
 861 --stdin-packs
 862 </dt>
 863 <dd>
 864 <p>
 865         Read the basenames of packfiles (e.g., <code>pack-1234abcd.pack</code>)
 866         from the standard input, instead of object names or revision
 867         arguments. The resulting pack contains all objects listed in the
 868         included packs (those not beginning with <code>^</code>), excluding any
 869         objects listed in the excluded packs (beginning with <code>^</code>).
 870 </p>
 871 <div class="paragraph"><p>Incompatible with <code>--revs</code>, or options that imply <code>--revs</code> (such as
 872 <code>--all</code>), with the exception of <code>--unpacked</code>, which is compatible.</p></div>
 873 </dd>
 874 <dt class="hdlist1">
 875 --cruft
 876 </dt>
 877 <dd>
 878 <p>
 879         Packs unreachable objects into a separate "cruft" pack, denoted
 880         by the existence of a <code>.mtimes</code> file. Typically used by <code>git
 881         repack --cruft</code>. Callers provide a list of pack names and
 882         indicate which packs will remain in the repository, along with
 883         which packs will be deleted (indicated by the <code>-</code> prefix). The
 884         contents of the cruft pack are all objects not contained in the
 885         surviving packs which have not exceeded the grace period (see
 886         <code>--cruft-expiration</code> below), or which have exceeded the grace
 887         period, but are reachable from an other object which hasn&#8217;t.
 888 </p>
 889 <div class="paragraph"><p>When the input lists a pack containing all reachable objects (and lists
 890 all other packs as pending deletion), the corresponding cruft pack will
 891 contain all unreachable objects (with mtime newer than the
 892 <code>--cruft-expiration</code>) along with any unreachable objects whose mtime is
 893 older than the <code>--cruft-expiration</code>, but are reachable from an
 894 unreachable object whose mtime is newer than the <code>--cruft-expiration</code>).</p></div>
 895 <div class="paragraph"><p>Incompatible with <code>--unpack-unreachable</code>, <code>--keep-unreachable</code>,
 896 <code>--pack-loose-unreachable</code>, <code>--stdin-packs</code>, as well as any other
 897 options which imply <code>--revs</code>. Also incompatible with <code>--max-pack-size</code>;
 898 when this option is set, the maximum pack size is not inferred from
 899 <code>pack.packSizeLimit</code>.</p></div>
 900 </dd>
 901 <dt class="hdlist1">
 902 --cruft-expiration=&lt;approxidate&gt;
 903 </dt>
 904 <dd>
 905 <p>
 906         If specified, objects are eliminated from the cruft pack if they
 907         have an mtime older than <code>&lt;approxidate&gt;</code>. If unspecified (and
 908         given <code>--cruft</code>), then no objects are eliminated.
 909 </p>
 910 </dd>
 911 <dt class="hdlist1">
 912 --window=&lt;n&gt;
 913 </dt>
 914 <dt class="hdlist1">
 915 --depth=&lt;n&gt;
 916 </dt>
 917 <dd>
 918 <p>
 919         These two options affect how the objects contained in
 920         the pack are stored using delta compression.  The
 921         objects are first internally sorted by type, size and
 922         optionally names and compared against the other objects
 923         within --window to see if using delta compression saves
 924         space.  --depth limits the maximum delta depth; making
 925         it too deep affects the performance on the unpacker
 926         side, because delta data needs to be applied that many
 927         times to get to the necessary object.
 928 </p>
 929 <div class="paragraph"><p>The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50. The maximum
 930 depth is 4095.</p></div>
 931 </dd>
 932 <dt class="hdlist1">
 933 --window-memory=&lt;n&gt;
 934 </dt>
 935 <dd>
 936 <p>
 937         This option provides an additional limit on top of <code>--window</code>;
 938         the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take
 939         up more than <em>&lt;n&gt;</em> bytes in memory.  This is useful in
 940         repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run
 941         out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take
 942         advantage of the large window for the smaller objects.  The
 943         size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".
 944         <code>--window-memory=0</code> makes memory usage unlimited.  The default
 945         is taken from the <code>pack.windowMemory</code> configuration variable.
 946 </p>
 947 </dd>
 948 <dt class="hdlist1">
 949 --max-pack-size=&lt;n&gt;
 950 </dt>
 951 <dd>
 952 <p>
 953         In unusual scenarios, you may not be able to create files
 954         larger than a certain size on your filesystem, and this option
 955         can be used to tell the command to split the output packfile
 956         into multiple independent packfiles, each not larger than the
 957         given size. The size can be suffixed with
 958         "k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
 959         The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
 960         <code>pack.packSizeLimit</code> is set. Note that this option may result in
 961         a larger and slower repository; see the discussion in
 962         <code>pack.packSizeLimit</code>.
 963 </p>
 964 </dd>
 965 <dt class="hdlist1">
 966 --honor-pack-keep
 967 </dt>
 968 <dd>
 969 <p>
 970         This flag causes an object already in a local pack that
 971         has a .keep file to be ignored, even if it would have
 972         otherwise been packed.
 973 </p>
 974 </dd>
 975 <dt class="hdlist1">
 976 --keep-pack=&lt;pack-name&gt;
 977 </dt>
 978 <dd>
 979 <p>
 980         This flag causes an object already in the given pack to be
 981         ignored, even if it would have otherwise been
 982         packed. <code>&lt;pack-name&gt;</code> is the pack file name without
 983         leading directory (e.g. <code>pack-123.pack</code>). The option could be
 984         specified multiple times to keep multiple packs.
 985 </p>
 986 </dd>
 987 <dt class="hdlist1">
 988 --incremental
 989 </dt>
 990 <dd>
 991 <p>
 992         This flag causes an object already in a pack to be ignored
 993         even if it would have otherwise been packed.
 994 </p>
 995 </dd>
 996 <dt class="hdlist1">
 997 --local
 998 </dt>
 999 <dd>
1000 <p>
1001         This flag causes an object that is borrowed from an alternate
1002         object store to be ignored even if it would have otherwise been
1003         packed.
1004 </p>
1005 </dd>
1006 <dt class="hdlist1">
1007 --non-empty
1008 </dt>
1009 <dd>
1010 <p>
1011         Only create a packed archive if it would contain at
1012         least one object.
1013 </p>
1014 </dd>
1015 <dt class="hdlist1">
1016 --progress
1017 </dt>
1018 <dd>
1019 <p>
1020         Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
1021         by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
1022         is specified. This flag forces progress status even if
1023         the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
1024 </p>
1025 </dd>
1026 <dt class="hdlist1">
1027 --all-progress
1028 </dt>
1029 <dd>
1030 <p>
1031         When --stdout is specified then progress report is
1032         displayed during the object count and compression phases
1033         but inhibited during the write-out phase. The reason is
1034         that in some cases the output stream is directly linked
1035         to another command which may wish to display progress
1036         status of its own as it processes incoming pack data.
1037         This flag is like --progress except that it forces progress
1038         report for the write-out phase as well even if --stdout is
1039         used.
1040 </p>
1041 </dd>
1042 <dt class="hdlist1">
1043 --all-progress-implied
1044 </dt>
1045 <dd>
1046 <p>
1047         This is used to imply --all-progress whenever progress display
1048         is activated.  Unlike --all-progress this flag doesn&#8217;t actually
1049         force any progress display by itself.
1050 </p>
1051 </dd>
1052 <dt class="hdlist1">
1053 -q
1054 </dt>
1055 <dd>
1056 <p>
1057         This flag makes the command not to report its progress
1058         on the standard error stream.
1059 </p>
1060 </dd>
1061 <dt class="hdlist1">
1062 --no-reuse-delta
1063 </dt>
1064 <dd>
1065 <p>
1066         When creating a packed archive in a repository that
1067         has existing packs, the command reuses existing deltas.
1068         This sometimes results in a slightly suboptimal pack.
1069         This flag tells the command not to reuse existing deltas
1070         but compute them from scratch.
1071 </p>
1072 </dd>
1073 <dt class="hdlist1">
1074 --no-reuse-object
1075 </dt>
1076 <dd>
1077 <p>
1078         This flag tells the command not to reuse existing object data at all,
1079         including non deltified object, forcing recompression of everything.
1080         This implies --no-reuse-delta. Useful only in the obscure case where
1081         wholesale enforcement of a different compression level on the
1082         packed data is desired.
1083 </p>
1084 </dd>
1085 <dt class="hdlist1">
1086 --compression=&lt;n&gt;
1087 </dt>
1088 <dd>
1089 <p>
1090         Specifies compression level for newly-compressed data in the
1091         generated pack.  If not specified,  pack compression level is
1092         determined first by pack.compression,  then by core.compression,
1093         and defaults to -1,  the zlib default,  if neither is set.
1094         Add --no-reuse-object if you want to force a uniform compression
1095         level on all data no matter the source.
1096 </p>
1097 </dd>
1098 <dt class="hdlist1">
1099 --[no-]sparse
1100 </dt>
1101 <dd>
1102 <p>
1103         Toggle the "sparse" algorithm to determine which objects to include in
1104         the pack, when combined with the "--revs" option. This algorithm
1105         only walks trees that appear in paths that introduce new objects.
1106         This can have significant performance benefits when computing
1107         a pack to send a small change. However, it is possible that extra
1108         objects are added to the pack-file if the included commits contain
1109         certain types of direct renames. If this option is not included,
1110         it defaults to the value of <code>pack.useSparse</code>, which is true unless
1111         otherwise specified.
1112 </p>
1113 </dd>
1114 <dt class="hdlist1">
1115 --thin
1116 </dt>
1117 <dd>
1118 <p>
1119         Create a "thin" pack by omitting the common objects between a
1120         sender and a receiver in order to reduce network transfer. This
1121         option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout.
1122 </p>
1123 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting
1124 required objects and is thus unusable by Git without making it
1125 self-contained. Use <code>git index-pack --fix-thin</code>
1126 (see <a href="git-index-pack.html">git-index-pack(1)</a>) to restore the self-contained property.</p></div>
1127 </dd>
1128 <dt class="hdlist1">
1129 --shallow
1130 </dt>
1131 <dd>
1132 <p>
1133         Optimize a pack that will be provided to a client with a shallow
1134         repository.  This option, combined with --thin, can result in a
1135         smaller pack at the cost of speed.
1136 </p>
1137 </dd>
1138 <dt class="hdlist1">
1139 --delta-base-offset
1140 </dt>
1141 <dd>
1142 <p>
1143         A packed archive can express the base object of a delta as
1144         either a 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
1145         stream, but ancient versions of Git don&#8217;t understand the
1146         latter.  By default, <em>git pack-objects</em> only uses the
1147         former format for better compatibility.  This option
1148         allows the command to use the latter format for
1149         compactness.  Depending on the average delta chain
1150         length, this option typically shrinks the resulting
1151         packfile by 3-5 per-cent.
1152 </p>
1153 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: Porcelain commands such as <code>git gc</code> (see <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>),
1154 <code>git repack</code> (see <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>) pass this option by default
1155 in modern Git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
1156 So does <code>git bundle</code> (see <a href="git-bundle.html">git-bundle(1)</a>) when it creates a bundle.</p></div>
1157 </dd>
1158 <dt class="hdlist1">
1159 --threads=&lt;n&gt;
1160 </dt>
1161 <dd>
1162 <p>
1163         Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best
1164         delta matches.  This requires that pack-objects be compiled with
1165         pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a warning.
1166         This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
1167         The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
1168         however multiplied by the number of threads.
1169         Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU&#8217;s
1170         and set the number of threads accordingly.
1171 </p>
1172 </dd>
1173 <dt class="hdlist1">
1174 --index-version=&lt;version&gt;[,&lt;offset&gt;]
1175 </dt>
1176 <dd>
1177 <p>
1178         This is intended to be used by the test suite only. It allows
1179         to force the version for the generated pack index, and to force
1180         64-bit index entries on objects located above the given offset.
1181 </p>
1182 </dd>
1183 <dt class="hdlist1">
1184 --keep-true-parents
1185 </dt>
1186 <dd>
1187 <p>
1188         With this option, parents that are hidden by grafts are packed
1189         nevertheless.
1190 </p>
1191 </dd>
1192 <dt class="hdlist1">
1193 --filter=&lt;filter-spec&gt;
1194 </dt>
1195 <dd>
1196 <p>
1197         Requires <code>--stdout</code>.  Omits certain objects (usually blobs) from
1198         the resulting packfile.  See <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a> for valid
1199         <code>&lt;filter-spec&gt;</code> forms.
1200 </p>
1201 </dd>
1202 <dt class="hdlist1">
1203 --no-filter
1204 </dt>
1205 <dd>
1206 <p>
1207         Turns off any previous <code>--filter=</code> argument.
1208 </p>
1209 </dd>
1210 <dt class="hdlist1">
1211 --missing=&lt;missing-action&gt;
1212 </dt>
1213 <dd>
1214 <p>
1215         A debug option to help with future "partial clone" development.
1216         This option specifies how missing objects are handled.
1217 </p>
1218 <div class="paragraph"><p>The form <em>--missing=error</em> requests that pack-objects stop with an error if
1219 a missing object is encountered.  If the repository is a partial clone, an
1220 attempt to fetch missing objects will be made before declaring them missing.
1221 This is the default action.</p></div>
1222 <div class="paragraph"><p>The form <em>--missing=allow-any</em> will allow object traversal to continue
1223 if a missing object is encountered.  No fetch of a missing object will occur.
1224 Missing objects will silently be omitted from the results.</p></div>
1225 <div class="paragraph"><p>The form <em>--missing=allow-promisor</em> is like <em>allow-any</em>, but will only
1226 allow object traversal to continue for EXPECTED promisor missing objects.
1227 No fetch of a missing object will occur.  An unexpected missing object will
1228 raise an error.</p></div>
1229 </dd>
1230 <dt class="hdlist1">
1231 --exclude-promisor-objects
1232 </dt>
1233 <dd>
1234 <p>
1235         Omit objects that are known to be in the promisor remote.  (This
1236         option has the purpose of operating only on locally created objects,
1237         so that when we repack, we still maintain a distinction between
1238         locally created objects [without .promisor] and objects from the
1239         promisor remote [with .promisor].)  This is used with partial clone.
1240 </p>
1241 </dd>
1242 <dt class="hdlist1">
1243 --keep-unreachable
1244 </dt>
1245 <dd>
1246 <p>
1247         Objects unreachable from the refs in packs named with
1248         --unpacked= option are added to the resulting pack, in
1249         addition to the reachable objects that are not in packs marked
1250         with *.keep files. This implies <code>--revs</code>.
1251 </p>
1252 </dd>
1253 <dt class="hdlist1">
1254 --pack-loose-unreachable
1255 </dt>
1256 <dd>
1257 <p>
1258         Pack unreachable loose objects (and their loose counterparts
1259         removed). This implies <code>--revs</code>.
1260 </p>
1261 </dd>
1262 <dt class="hdlist1">
1263 --unpack-unreachable
1264 </dt>
1265 <dd>
1266 <p>
1267         Keep unreachable objects in loose form. This implies <code>--revs</code>.
1268 </p>
1269 </dd>
1270 <dt class="hdlist1">
1271 --delta-islands
1272 </dt>
1273 <dd>
1274 <p>
1275         Restrict delta matches based on "islands". See DELTA ISLANDS
1276         below.
1277 </p>
1278 </dd>
1279 </dl></div>
1280 </div>
1281 </div>
1282 <div class="sect1">
1283 <h2 id="_delta_islands">DELTA ISLANDS</h2>
1284 <div class="sectionbody">
1285 <div class="paragraph"><p>When possible, <code>pack-objects</code> tries to reuse existing on-disk deltas to
1286 avoid having to search for new ones on the fly. This is an important
1287 optimization for serving fetches, because it means the server can avoid
1288 inflating most objects at all and just send the bytes directly from
1289 disk. This optimization can&#8217;t work when an object is stored as a delta
1290 against a base which the receiver does not have (and which we are not
1291 already sending). In that case the server "breaks" the delta and has to
1292 find a new one, which has a high CPU cost. Therefore it&#8217;s important for
1293 performance that the set of objects in on-disk delta relationships match
1294 what a client would fetch.</p></div>
1295 <div class="paragraph"><p>In a normal repository, this tends to work automatically. The objects
1296 are mostly reachable from the branches and tags, and that&#8217;s what clients
1297 fetch. Any deltas we find on the server are likely to be between objects
1298 the client has or will have.</p></div>
1299 <div class="paragraph"><p>But in some repository setups, you may have several related but separate
1300 groups of ref tips, with clients tending to fetch those groups
1301 independently. For example, imagine that you are hosting several "forks"
1302 of a repository in a single shared object store, and letting clients
1303 view them as separate repositories through <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code> or separate
1304 repos using the alternates mechanism. A naive repack may find that the
1305 optimal delta for an object is against a base that is only found in
1306 another fork. But when a client fetches, they will not have the base
1307 object, and we&#8217;ll have to find a new delta on the fly.</p></div>
1308 <div class="paragraph"><p>A similar situation may exist if you have many refs outside of
1309 <code>refs/heads/</code> and <code>refs/tags/</code> that point to related objects (e.g.,
1310 <code>refs/pull</code> or <code>refs/changes</code> used by some hosting providers). By
1311 default, clients fetch only heads and tags, and deltas against objects
1312 found only in those other groups cannot be sent as-is.</p></div>
1313 <div class="paragraph"><p>Delta islands solve this problem by allowing you to group your refs into
1314 distinct "islands". Pack-objects computes which objects are reachable
1315 from which islands, and refuses to make a delta from an object <code>A</code>
1316 against a base which is not present in all of <code>A</code>'s islands. This
1317 results in slightly larger packs (because we miss some delta
1318 opportunities), but guarantees that a fetch of one island will not have
1319 to recompute deltas on the fly due to crossing island boundaries.</p></div>
1320 <div class="paragraph"><p>When repacking with delta islands the delta window tends to get
1321 clogged with candidates that are forbidden by the config. Repacking
1322 with a big --window helps (and doesn&#8217;t take as long as it otherwise
1323 might because we can reject some object pairs based on islands before
1324 doing any computation on the content).</p></div>
1325 <div class="paragraph"><p>Islands are configured via the <code>pack.island</code> option, which can be
1326 specified multiple times. Each value is a left-anchored regular
1327 expressions matching refnames. For example:</p></div>
1328 <div class="listingblock">
1329 <div class="content">
1330 <pre><code>[pack]
1331 island = refs/heads/
1332 island = refs/tags/</code></pre>
1333 </div></div>
1334 <div class="paragraph"><p>puts heads and tags into an island (whose name is the empty string; see
1335 below for more on naming). Any refs which do not match those regular
1336 expressions (e.g., <code>refs/pull/123</code>) is not in any island. Any object
1337 which is reachable only from <code>refs/pull/</code> (but not heads or tags) is
1338 therefore not a candidate to be used as a base for <code>refs/heads/</code>.</p></div>
1339 <div class="paragraph"><p>Refs are grouped into islands based on their "names", and two regexes
1340 that produce the same name are considered to be in the same
1341 island. The names are computed from the regexes by concatenating any
1342 capture groups from the regex, with a <em>-</em> dash in between. (And if
1343 there are no capture groups, then the name is the empty string, as in
1344 the above example.) This allows you to create arbitrary numbers of
1345 islands. Only up to 14 such capture groups are supported though.</p></div>
1346 <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, imagine you store the refs for each fork in
1347 <code>refs/virtual/ID</code>, where <code>ID</code> is a numeric identifier. You might then
1348 configure:</p></div>
1349 <div class="listingblock">
1350 <div class="content">
1351 <pre><code>[pack]
1352 island = refs/virtual/([0-9]+)/heads/
1353 island = refs/virtual/([0-9]+)/tags/
1354 island = refs/virtual/([0-9]+)/(pull)/</code></pre>
1355 </div></div>
1356 <div class="paragraph"><p>That puts the heads and tags for each fork in their own island (named
1357 "1234" or similar), and the pull refs for each go into their own
1358 "1234-pull".</p></div>
1359 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that we pick a single island for each regex to go into, using "last
1360 one wins" ordering (which allows repo-specific config to take precedence
1361 over user-wide config, and so forth).</p></div>
1362 </div>
1363 </div>
1364 <div class="sect1">
1365 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
1366 <div class="sectionbody">
1367 <div class="paragraph"><p>Various configuration variables affect packing, see
1368 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> (search for "pack" and "delta").</p></div>
1369 <div class="paragraph"><p>Notably, delta compression is not used on objects larger than the
1370 <code>core.bigFileThreshold</code> configuration variable and on files with the
1371 attribute <code>delta</code> set to false.</p></div>
1372 </div>
1373 </div>
1374 <div class="sect1">
1375 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1376 <div class="sectionbody">
1377 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>
1378 <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>
1379 <a href="git-prune-packed.html">git-prune-packed(1)</a></p></div>
1380 </div>
1381 </div>
1382 <div class="sect1">
1383 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1384 <div class="sectionbody">
1385 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1386 </div>
1387 </div>
1388 </div>
1389 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
1390 <div id="footer">
1391 <div id="footer-text">
1392 Last updated
1393  2022-06-03 15:24:31 PDT
1394 </div>
1395 </div>
1396 </body>
1397 </html>