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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>git-fast-export(1) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>git-fast-export - Git data exporter</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content"><em>git fast-export</em> [&lt;options&gt;] | <em>git fast-import</em></pre>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="paragraph">
 462 <p>This program dumps the given revisions in a form suitable to be piped
 463 into <em>git fast-import</em>.</p>
 464 </div>
 465 <div class="paragraph">
 466 <p>You can use it as a human-readable bundle replacement (see
 467 <a href="git-bundle.html">git-bundle(1)</a>), or as a format that can be edited before being
 468 fed to <em>git fast-import</em> in order to do history rewrites (an ability
 469 relied on by tools like <em>git filter-repo</em>).</p>
 470 </div>
 471 </div>
 472 </div>
 473 <div class="sect1">
 474 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 475 <div class="sectionbody">
 476 <div class="dlist">
 477 <dl>
 478 <dt class="hdlist1">--progress=&lt;n&gt;</dt>
 479 <dd>
 480 <p>Insert <em>progress</em> statements every &lt;n&gt; objects, to be shown by
 481 <em>git fast-import</em> during import.</p>
 482 </dd>
 483 <dt class="hdlist1">--signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|warn-strip|strip|abort)</dt>
 484 <dd>
 485 <p>Specify how to handle signed tags.  Since any transformation
 486 after the export can change the tag names (which can also happen
 487 when excluding revisions) the signatures will not match.</p>
 488 <div class="paragraph">
 489 <p>When asking to <em>abort</em> (which is the default), this program will die
 490 when encountering a signed tag.  With <em>strip</em>, the tags will silently
 491 be made unsigned, with <em>warn-strip</em> they will be made unsigned but a
 492 warning will be displayed, with <em>verbatim</em>, they will be silently
 493 exported and with <em>warn</em>, they will be exported, but you will see a
 494 warning.</p>
 495 </div>
 496 </dd>
 497 <dt class="hdlist1">--tag-of-filtered-object=(abort|drop|rewrite)</dt>
 498 <dd>
 499 <p>Specify how to handle tags whose tagged object is filtered out.
 500 Since revisions and files to export can be limited by path,
 501 tagged objects may be filtered completely.</p>
 502 <div class="paragraph">
 503 <p>When asking to <em>abort</em> (which is the default), this program will die
 504 when encountering such a tag.  With <em>drop</em> it will omit such tags from
 505 the output.  With <em>rewrite</em>, if the tagged object is a commit, it will
 506 rewrite the tag to tag an ancestor commit (via parent rewriting; see
 507 <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>).</p>
 508 </div>
 509 </dd>
 510 <dt class="hdlist1">-M</dt>
 511 <dt class="hdlist1">-C</dt>
 512 <dd>
 513 <p>Perform move and/or copy detection, as described in the
 514 <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> manual page, and use it to generate
 515 rename and copy commands in the output dump.</p>
 516 <div class="paragraph">
 517 <p>Note that earlier versions of this command did not complain and
 518 produced incorrect results if you gave these options.</p>
 519 </div>
 520 </dd>
 521 <dt class="hdlist1">--export-marks=&lt;file&gt;</dt>
 522 <dd>
 523 <p>Dumps the internal marks table to &lt;file&gt; when complete.
 524 Marks are written one per line as <code>:markid</code> <code>SHA-1</code>. Only marks
 525 for revisions are dumped; marks for blobs are ignored.
 526 Backends can use this file to validate imports after they
 527 have been completed, or to save the marks table across
 528 incremental runs.  As &lt;file&gt; is only opened and truncated
 529 at completion, the same path can also be safely given to
 530 --import-marks.
 531 The file will not be written if no new object has been
 532 marked/exported.</p>
 533 </dd>
 534 <dt class="hdlist1">--import-marks=&lt;file&gt;</dt>
 535 <dd>
 536 <p>Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
 537 &lt;file&gt;.  The input file must exist, must be readable, and
 538 must use the same format as produced by --export-marks.</p>
 539 </dd>
 540 <dt class="hdlist1">--mark-tags</dt>
 541 <dd>
 542 <p>In addition to labelling blobs and commits with mark ids, also
 543 label tags.  This is useful in conjunction with
 544 <code>--export-marks</code> and <code>--import-marks</code>, and is also useful (and
 545 necessary) for exporting of nested tags.  It does not hurt
 546 other cases and would be the default, but many fast-import
 547 frontends are not prepared to accept tags with mark
 548 identifiers.</p>
 549 <div class="paragraph">
 550 <p>Any commits (or tags) that have already been marked will not be
 551 exported again.  If the backend uses a similar --import-marks file,
 552 this allows for incremental bidirectional exporting of the repository
 553 by keeping the marks the same across runs.</p>
 554 </div>
 555 </dd>
 556 <dt class="hdlist1">--fake-missing-tagger</dt>
 557 <dd>
 558 <p>Some old repositories have tags without a tagger.  The
 559 fast-import protocol was pretty strict about that, and did not
 560 allow that.  So fake a tagger to be able to fast-import the
 561 output.</p>
 562 </dd>
 563 <dt class="hdlist1">--use-done-feature</dt>
 564 <dd>
 565 <p>Start the stream with a <em>feature done</em> stanza, and terminate
 566 it with a <em>done</em> command.</p>
 567 </dd>
 568 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-data</dt>
 569 <dd>
 570 <p>Skip output of blob objects and instead refer to blobs via
 571 their original SHA-1 hash.  This is useful when rewriting the
 572 directory structure or history of a repository without
 573 touching the contents of individual files.  Note that the
 574 resulting stream can only be used by a repository which
 575 already contains the necessary objects.</p>
 576 </dd>
 577 <dt class="hdlist1">--full-tree</dt>
 578 <dd>
 579 <p>This option will cause fast-export to issue a "deleteall"
 580 directive for each commit followed by a full list of all files
 581 in the commit (as opposed to just listing the files which are
 582 different from the commit&#8217;s first parent).</p>
 583 </dd>
 584 <dt class="hdlist1">--anonymize</dt>
 585 <dd>
 586 <p>Anonymize the contents of the repository while still retaining
 587 the shape of the history and stored tree.  See the section on
 588 <code>ANONYMIZING</code> below.</p>
 589 </dd>
 590 <dt class="hdlist1">--anonymize-map=&lt;from&gt;[:&lt;to&gt;]</dt>
 591 <dd>
 592 <p>Convert token <em>&lt;from&gt;</em> to <em>&lt;to&gt;</em> in the anonymized output. If
 593 <em>&lt;to&gt;</em> is omitted, map <em>&lt;from&gt;</em> to itself (i.e., do not
 594 anonymize it). See the section on <code>ANONYMIZING</code> below.</p>
 595 </dd>
 596 <dt class="hdlist1">--reference-excluded-parents</dt>
 597 <dd>
 598 <p>By default, running a command such as <code>git</code> <code>fast-export</code>
 599 <code>master~5</code><code>..</code><code>master</code> will not include the commit master~5
 600 and will make master~4 no longer have master~5 as
 601 a parent (though both the old master~4 and new
 602 master~4 will have all the same files).  Use
 603 --reference-excluded-parents to instead have the stream
 604 refer to commits in the excluded range of history by their
 605 sha1sum.  Note that the resulting stream can only be used by a
 606 repository which already contains the necessary parent
 607 commits.</p>
 608 </dd>
 609 <dt class="hdlist1">--show-original-ids</dt>
 610 <dd>
 611 <p>Add an extra directive to the output for commits and blobs,
 612 <code>original-oid</code> <em>&lt;SHA1SUM&gt;</em>.  While such directives will likely be
 613 ignored by importers such as git-fast-import, it may be useful
 614 for intermediary filters (e.g. for rewriting commit messages
 615 which refer to older commits, or for stripping blobs by id).</p>
 616 </dd>
 617 <dt class="hdlist1">--reencode=(yes|no|abort)</dt>
 618 <dd>
 619 <p>Specify how to handle <code>encoding</code> header in commit objects.  When
 620 asking to <em>abort</em> (which is the default), this program will die
 621 when encountering such a commit object.  With <em>yes</em>, the commit
 622 message will be re-encoded into UTF-8.  With <em>no</em>, the original
 623 encoding will be preserved.</p>
 624 </dd>
 625 <dt class="hdlist1">--refspec</dt>
 626 <dd>
 627 <p>Apply the specified refspec to each ref exported. Multiple of them can
 628 be specified.</p>
 629 </dd>
 630 <dt class="hdlist1">[&lt;git-rev-list-args&gt;&#8230;&#8203;]</dt>
 631 <dd>
 632 <p>A list of arguments, acceptable to <em>git rev-parse</em> and
 633 <em>git rev-list</em>, that specifies the specific objects and references
 634 to export.  For example, <code>master~10</code><code>..</code><code>master</code> causes the
 635 current master reference to be exported along with all objects
 636 added since its 10th ancestor commit and (unless the
 637 --reference-excluded-parents option is specified) all files
 638 common to master~9 and master~10.</p>
 639 </dd>
 640 </dl>
 641 </div>
 642 </div>
 643 </div>
 644 <div class="sect1">
 645 <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
 646 <div class="sectionbody">
 647 <div class="listingblock">
 648 <div class="content">
 649 <pre>$ git fast-export --all | (cd /empty/repository &amp;&amp; git fast-import)</pre>
 650 </div>
 651 </div>
 652 <div class="paragraph">
 653 <p>This will export the whole repository and import it into the existing
 654 empty repository.  Except for reencoding commits that are not in
 655 UTF-8, it would be a one-to-one mirror.</p>
 656 </div>
 657 <div class="listingblock">
 658 <div class="content">
 659 <pre>$ git fast-export master~5..master |
 660         sed "s|refs/heads/master|refs/heads/other|" |
 661         git fast-import</pre>
 662 </div>
 663 </div>
 664 <div class="paragraph">
 665 <p>This makes a new branch called <em>other</em> from <em>master~5..master</em>
 666 (i.e. if <em>master</em> has linear history, it will take the last 5 commits).</p>
 667 </div>
 668 <div class="paragraph">
 669 <p>Note that this assumes that none of the blobs and commit messages
 670 referenced by that revision range contains the string
 671 <em>refs/heads/master</em>.</p>
 672 </div>
 673 </div>
 674 </div>
 675 <div class="sect1">
 676 <h2 id="_anonymizing">ANONYMIZING</h2>
 677 <div class="sectionbody">
 678 <div class="paragraph">
 679 <p>If the <code>--anonymize</code> option is given, git will attempt to remove all
 680 identifying information from the repository while still retaining enough
 681 of the original tree and history patterns to reproduce some bugs. The
 682 goal is that a git bug which is found on a private repository will
 683 persist in the anonymized repository, and the latter can be shared with
 684 git developers to help solve the bug.</p>
 685 </div>
 686 <div class="paragraph">
 687 <p>With this option, git will replace all refnames, paths, blob contents,
 688 commit and tag messages, names, and email addresses in the output with
 689 anonymized data.  Two instances of the same string will be replaced
 690 equivalently (e.g., two commits with the same author will have the same
 691 anonymized author in the output, but bear no resemblance to the original
 692 author string). The relationship between commits, branches, and tags is
 693 retained, as well as the commit timestamps (but the commit messages and
 694 refnames bear no resemblance to the originals). The relative makeup of
 695 the tree is retained (e.g., if you have a root tree with 10 files and 3
 696 trees, so will the output), but their names and the contents of the
 697 files will be replaced.</p>
 698 </div>
 699 <div class="paragraph">
 700 <p>If you think you have found a git bug, you can start by exporting an
 701 anonymized stream of the whole repository:</p>
 702 </div>
 703 <div class="listingblock">
 704 <div class="content">
 705 <pre>$ git fast-export --anonymize --all &gt;anon-stream</pre>
 706 </div>
 707 </div>
 708 <div class="paragraph">
 709 <p>Then confirm that the bug persists in a repository created from that
 710 stream (many bugs will not, as they really do depend on the exact
 711 repository contents):</p>
 712 </div>
 713 <div class="listingblock">
 714 <div class="content">
 715 <pre>$ git init anon-repo
 716 $ cd anon-repo
 717 $ git fast-import &lt;../anon-stream
 718 $ ... test your bug ...</pre>
 719 </div>
 720 </div>
 721 <div class="paragraph">
 722 <p>If the anonymized repository shows the bug, it may be worth sharing
 723 <code>anon-stream</code> along with a regular bug report. Note that the anonymized
 724 stream compresses very well, so gzipping it is encouraged. If you want
 725 to examine the stream to see that it does not contain any private data,
 726 you can peruse it directly before sending. You may also want to try:</p>
 727 </div>
 728 <div class="listingblock">
 729 <div class="content">
 730 <pre>$ perl -pe 's/\d+/X/g' &lt;anon-stream | sort -u | less</pre>
 731 </div>
 732 </div>
 733 <div class="paragraph">
 734 <p>which shows all of the unique lines (with numbers converted to "X", to
 735 collapse "User 0", "User 1", etc into "User X"). This produces a much
 736 smaller output, and it is usually easy to quickly confirm that there is
 737 no private data in the stream.</p>
 738 </div>
 739 <div class="paragraph">
 740 <p>Reproducing some bugs may require referencing particular commits or
 741 paths, which becomes challenging after refnames and paths have been
 742 anonymized. You can ask for a particular token to be left as-is or
 743 mapped to a new value. For example, if you have a bug which reproduces
 744 with <code>git</code> <code>rev-list</code> <code>sensitive</code> <code>--</code> <code>secret.c</code>, you can run:</p>
 745 </div>
 746 <div class="listingblock">
 747 <div class="content">
 748 <pre>$ git fast-export --anonymize --all \
 749       --anonymize-map=sensitive:foo \
 750       --anonymize-map=secret.c:bar.c \
 751       &gt;stream</pre>
 752 </div>
 753 </div>
 754 <div class="paragraph">
 755 <p>After importing the stream, you can then run <code>git</code> <code>rev-list</code> <code>foo</code> <code>--</code> <code>bar.c</code>
 756 in the anonymized repository.</p>
 757 </div>
 758 <div class="paragraph">
 759 <p>Note that paths and refnames are split into tokens at slash boundaries.
 760 The command above would anonymize <code>subdir/secret.c</code> as something like
 761 <code>path123/bar.c</code>; you could then search for <code>bar.c</code> in the anonymized
 762 repository to determine the final pathname.</p>
 763 </div>
 764 <div class="paragraph">
 765 <p>To make referencing the final pathname simpler, you can map each path
 766 component; so if you also anonymize <code>subdir</code> to <code>publicdir</code>, then the
 767 final pathname would be <code>publicdir/bar.c</code>.</p>
 768 </div>
 769 </div>
 770 </div>
 771 <div class="sect1">
 772 <h2 id="_limitations">LIMITATIONS</h2>
 773 <div class="sectionbody">
 774 <div class="paragraph">
 775 <p>Since <em>git fast-import</em> cannot tag trees, you will not be
 776 able to export the linux.git repository completely, as it contains
 777 a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.</p>
 778 </div>
 779 </div>
 780 </div>
 781 <div class="sect1">
 782 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
 783 <div class="sectionbody">
 784 <div class="paragraph">
 785 <p><a href="git-fast-import.html">git-fast-import(1)</a></p>
 786 </div>
 787 </div>
 788 </div>
 789 <div class="sect1">
 790 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 791 <div class="sectionbody">
 792 <div class="paragraph">
 793 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 794 </div>
 795 </div>
 796 </div>
 797 </div>
 798 <div id="footer">
 799 <div id="footer-text">
 800 Last updated 2024-03-01 17:30:58 -0800
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