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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>git-gc(1) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>git-gc - Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content"><em>git gc</em> [--aggressive] [--auto] [--[no-]detach] [--quiet] [--prune=&lt;date&gt; | --no-prune] [--force] [--keep-largest-pack]</pre>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="paragraph">
 462 <p>Runs a number of housekeeping tasks within the current repository,
 463 such as compressing file revisions (to reduce disk space and increase
 464 performance), removing unreachable objects which may have been
 465 created from prior invocations of <em>git add</em>, packing refs, pruning
 466 reflog, rerere metadata or stale working trees. May also update ancillary
 467 indexes such as the commit-graph.</p>
 468 </div>
 469 <div class="paragraph">
 470 <p>When common porcelain operations that create objects are run, they
 471 will check whether the repository has grown substantially since the
 472 last maintenance, and if so run <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> automatically. See <code>gc.auto</code>
 473 below for how to disable this behavior.</p>
 474 </div>
 475 <div class="paragraph">
 476 <p>Running <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> manually should only be needed when adding objects to
 477 a repository without regularly running such porcelain commands, to do
 478 a one-off repository optimization, or e.g. to clean up a suboptimal
 479 mass-import. See the "PACKFILE OPTIMIZATION" section in
 480 <a href="git-fast-import.html">git-fast-import(1)</a> for more details on the import case.</p>
 481 </div>
 482 </div>
 483 </div>
 484 <div class="sect1">
 485 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 486 <div class="sectionbody">
 487 <div class="dlist">
 488 <dl>
 489 <dt class="hdlist1">--aggressive</dt>
 490 <dd>
 491 <p>Usually <em>git gc</em> runs very quickly while providing good disk
 492 space utilization and performance.  This option will cause
 493 <em>git gc</em> to more aggressively optimize the repository at the expense
 494 of taking much more time.  The effects of this optimization are
 495 mostly persistent. See the "AGGRESSIVE" section below for details.</p>
 496 </dd>
 497 <dt class="hdlist1">--auto</dt>
 498 <dd>
 499 <p>With this option, <em>git gc</em> checks whether any housekeeping is
 500 required; if not, it exits without performing any work.</p>
 501 <div class="paragraph">
 502 <p>See the <code>gc.auto</code> option in the "CONFIGURATION" section below for how
 503 this heuristic works.</p>
 504 </div>
 505 <div class="paragraph">
 506 <p>Once housekeeping is triggered by exceeding the limits of
 507 configuration options such as <code>gc.auto</code> and <code>gc.autoPackLimit</code>, all
 508 other housekeeping tasks (e.g. rerere, working trees, reflog&#8230;&#8203;) will
 509 be performed as well.</p>
 510 </div>
 511 </dd>
 512 <dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]detach</dt>
 513 <dd>
 514 <p>Run in the background if the system supports it. This option overrides
 515 the <code>gc.autoDetach</code> config.</p>
 516 </dd>
 517 <dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]cruft</dt>
 518 <dd>
 519 <p>When expiring unreachable objects, pack them separately into a
 520 cruft pack instead of storing them as loose objects. <code>--cruft</code>
 521 is on by default.</p>
 522 </dd>
 523 <dt class="hdlist1">--max-cruft-size=&lt;n&gt;</dt>
 524 <dd>
 525 <p>When packing unreachable objects into a cruft pack, limit the
 526 size of new cruft packs to be at most <em>&lt;n&gt;</em> bytes. Overrides any
 527 value specified via the <code>gc.maxCruftSize</code> configuration. See
 528 the <code>--max-cruft-size</code> option of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for
 529 more.</p>
 530 </dd>
 531 <dt class="hdlist1">--prune=&lt;date&gt;</dt>
 532 <dd>
 533 <p>Prune loose objects older than date (default is 2 weeks ago,
 534 overridable by the config variable <code>gc.pruneExpire</code>).
 535 --prune=now prunes loose objects regardless of their age and
 536 increases the risk of corruption if another process is writing to
 537 the repository concurrently; see "NOTES" below. --prune is on by
 538 default.</p>
 539 </dd>
 540 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-prune</dt>
 541 <dd>
 542 <p>Do not prune any loose objects.</p>
 543 </dd>
 544 <dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt>
 545 <dd>
 546 <p>Suppress all progress reports.</p>
 547 </dd>
 548 <dt class="hdlist1">--force</dt>
 549 <dd>
 550 <p>Force <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> to run even if there may be another <code>git</code> <code>gc</code>
 551 instance running on this repository.</p>
 552 </dd>
 553 <dt class="hdlist1">--keep-largest-pack</dt>
 554 <dd>
 555 <p>All packs except the largest non-cruft pack, any packs marked
 556 with a .<code>keep</code> file, and any cruft pack(s) are consolidated into
 557 a single pack. When this option is used, <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code>
 558 is ignored.</p>
 559 </dd>
 560 </dl>
 561 </div>
 562 </div>
 563 </div>
 564 <div class="sect1">
 565 <h2 id="_aggressive">AGGRESSIVE</h2>
 566 <div class="sectionbody">
 567 <div class="paragraph">
 568 <p>When the <code>--aggressive</code> option is supplied, <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> will
 569 be invoked with the <code>-f</code> flag, which in turn will pass
 570 <code>--no-reuse-delta</code> to <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>. This will throw
 571 away any existing deltas and re-compute them, at the expense of
 572 spending much more time on the repacking.</p>
 573 </div>
 574 <div class="paragraph">
 575 <p>The effects of this are mostly persistent, e.g. when packs and loose
 576 objects are coalesced into one another pack the existing deltas in
 577 that pack might get re-used, but there are also various cases where we
 578 might pick a sub-optimal delta from a newer pack instead.</p>
 579 </div>
 580 <div class="paragraph">
 581 <p>Furthermore, supplying <code>--aggressive</code> will tweak the <code>--depth</code> and
 582 <code>--window</code> options passed to <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>. See the
 583 <code>gc.aggressiveDepth</code> and <code>gc.aggressiveWindow</code> settings below. By
 584 using a larger window size we&#8217;re more likely to find more optimal
 585 deltas.</p>
 586 </div>
 587 <div class="paragraph">
 588 <p>It&#8217;s probably not worth it to use this option on a given repository
 589 without running tailored performance benchmarks on it. It takes a lot
 590 more time, and the resulting space/delta optimization may or may not
 591 be worth it. Not using this at all is the right trade-off for most
 592 users and their repositories.</p>
 593 </div>
 594 </div>
 595 </div>
 596 <div class="sect1">
 597 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
 598 <div class="sectionbody">
 599 <div class="paragraph">
 600 <p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included
 601 from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same
 602 as what&#8217;s found there:</p>
 603 </div>
 604 <div class="dlist">
 605 <dl>
 606 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.aggressiveDepth</dt>
 607 <dd>
 608 <p>The depth parameter used in the delta compression
 609 algorithm used by <em>git gc --aggressive</em>.  This defaults
 610 to 50, which is the default for the <code>--depth</code> option when
 611 <code>--aggressive</code> isn&#8217;t in use.</p>
 612 <div class="paragraph">
 613 <p>See the documentation for the <code>--depth</code> option in
 614 <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for more details.</p>
 615 </div>
 616 </dd>
 617 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.aggressiveWindow</dt>
 618 <dd>
 619 <p>The window size parameter used in the delta compression
 620 algorithm used by <em>git gc --aggressive</em>.  This defaults
 621 to 250, which is a much more aggressive window size than
 622 the default <code>--window</code> of 10.</p>
 623 <div class="paragraph">
 624 <p>See the documentation for the <code>--window</code> option in
 625 <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for more details.</p>
 626 </div>
 627 </dd>
 628 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.auto</dt>
 629 <dd>
 630 <p>When there are approximately more than this many loose
 631 objects in the repository, <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> will pack them.
 632 Some Porcelain commands use this command to perform a
 633 light-weight garbage collection from time to time.  The
 634 default value is 6700.</p>
 635 <div class="paragraph">
 636 <p>Setting this to 0 disables not only automatic packing based on the
 637 number of loose objects, but also any other heuristic <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> will
 638 otherwise use to determine if there&#8217;s work to do, such as
 639 <code>gc.autoPackLimit</code>.</p>
 640 </div>
 641 </dd>
 642 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.autoPackLimit</dt>
 643 <dd>
 644 <p>When there are more than this many packs that are not
 645 marked with *.<code>keep</code> file in the repository, <code>git</code> <code>gc</code>
 646 <code>--auto</code> consolidates them into one larger pack.  The
 647 default value is 50.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
 648 Setting <code>gc.auto</code> to 0 will also disable this.</p>
 649 <div class="paragraph">
 650 <p>See the <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> configuration variable below. When in
 651 use, it&#8217;ll affect how the auto pack limit works.</p>
 652 </div>
 653 </dd>
 654 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.autoDetach</dt>
 655 <dd>
 656 <p>Make <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> return immediately and run in the background
 657 if the system supports it. Default is true. This config variable acts
 658 as a fallback in case <code>maintenance.autoDetach</code> is not set.</p>
 659 </dd>
 660 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.bigPackThreshold</dt>
 661 <dd>
 662 <p>If non-zero, all non-cruft packs larger than this limit are kept
 663 when <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> is run. This is very similar to
 664 <code>--keep-largest-pack</code> except that all non-cruft packs that meet
 665 the threshold are kept, not just the largest pack. Defaults to
 666 zero. Common unit suffixes of <em>k</em>, <em>m</em>, or <em>g</em> are supported.</p>
 667 <div class="paragraph">
 668 <p>Note that if the number of kept packs is more than gc.autoPackLimit,
 669 this configuration variable is ignored, all packs except the base pack
 670 will be repacked. After this the number of packs should go below
 671 gc.autoPackLimit and gc.bigPackThreshold should be respected again.</p>
 672 </div>
 673 <div class="paragraph">
 674 <p>If the amount of memory estimated for <code>git</code> <code>repack</code> to run smoothly is
 675 not available and <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> is not set, the largest pack
 676 will also be excluded (this is the equivalent of running <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> with
 677 <code>--keep-largest-pack</code>).</p>
 678 </div>
 679 </dd>
 680 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.writeCommitGraph</dt>
 681 <dd>
 682 <p>If true, then gc will rewrite the commit-graph file when
 683 <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a> is run. When using <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code>
 684 the commit-graph will be updated if housekeeping is
 685 required. Default is true. See <a href="git-commit-graph.html">git-commit-graph(1)</a>
 686 for details.</p>
 687 </dd>
 688 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.logExpiry</dt>
 689 <dd>
 690 <p>If the file gc.log exists, then <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> will print
 691 its content and exit with status zero instead of running
 692 unless that file is more than <em>gc.logExpiry</em> old.  Default is
 693 "1.day".  See <code>gc.pruneExpire</code> for more ways to specify its
 694 value.</p>
 695 </dd>
 696 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.packRefs</dt>
 697 <dd>
 698 <p>Running <code>git</code> <code>pack-refs</code> in a repository renders it
 699 unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb
 700 transports such as HTTP.  This variable determines whether
 701 <em>git gc</em> runs <code>git</code> <code>pack-refs</code>. This can be set to <code>notbare</code>
 702 to enable it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a
 703 boolean value.  The default is <code>true</code>.</p>
 704 </dd>
 705 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.cruftPacks</dt>
 706 <dd>
 707 <p>Store unreachable objects in a cruft pack (see
 708 <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>) instead of as loose objects. The default
 709 is <code>true</code>.</p>
 710 </dd>
 711 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.maxCruftSize</dt>
 712 <dd>
 713 <p>Limit the size of new cruft packs when repacking. When
 714 specified in addition to <code>--max-cruft-size</code>, the command line
 715 option takes priority. See the <code>--max-cruft-size</code> option of
 716 <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>.</p>
 717 </dd>
 718 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.pruneExpire</dt>
 719 <dd>
 720 <p>When <em>git gc</em> is run, it will call <em>prune --expire 2.weeks.ago</em>
 721 (and <em>repack --cruft --cruft-expiration 2.weeks.ago</em> if using
 722 cruft packs via <code>gc.cruftPacks</code> or <code>--cruft</code>).  Override the
 723 grace period with this config variable.  The value "now" may be
 724 used to disable this grace period and always prune unreachable
 725 objects immediately, or "never" may be used to suppress pruning.
 726 This feature helps prevent corruption when <em>git gc</em> runs
 727 concurrently with another process writing to the repository; see
 728 the "NOTES" section of <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>.</p>
 729 </dd>
 730 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.worktreePruneExpire</dt>
 731 <dd>
 732 <p>When <em>git gc</em> is run, it calls
 733 <em>git worktree prune --expire 3.months.ago</em>.
 734 This config variable can be used to set a different grace
 735 period. The value "now" may be used to disable the grace
 736 period and prune <code>$GIT_DIR/worktrees</code> immediately, or "never"
 737 may be used to suppress pruning.</p>
 738 </dd>
 739 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.reflogExpire</dt>
 740 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.&lt;pattern&gt;.reflogExpire</dt>
 741 <dd>
 742 <p><em>git reflog expire</em> removes reflog entries older than
 743 this time; defaults to 90 days. The value "now" expires all
 744 entries immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration
 745 altogether. With "&lt;pattern&gt;" (e.g.
 746 "refs/stash") in the middle the setting applies only to
 747 the refs that match the &lt;pattern&gt;.</p>
 748 </dd>
 749 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.reflogExpireUnreachable</dt>
 750 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.&lt;pattern&gt;.reflogExpireUnreachable</dt>
 751 <dd>
 752 <p><em>git reflog expire</em> removes reflog entries older than
 753 this time and are not reachable from the current tip;
 754 defaults to 30 days. The value "now" expires all entries
 755 immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration altogether.
 756 With "&lt;pattern&gt;" (e.g. "refs/stash")
 757 in the middle, the setting applies only to the refs that
 758 match the &lt;pattern&gt;.</p>
 759 <div class="paragraph">
 760 <p>These types of entries are generally created as a result of using <code>git</code>
 761 <code>commit</code> <code>--amend</code> or <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> and are the commits prior to the amend
 762 or rebase occurring.  Since these changes are not part of the current
 763 project most users will want to expire them sooner, which is why the
 764 default is more aggressive than <code>gc.reflogExpire</code>.</p>
 765 </div>
 766 </dd>
 767 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.recentObjectsHook</dt>
 768 <dd>
 769 <p>When considering whether or not to remove an object (either when
 770 generating a cruft pack or storing unreachable objects as
 771 loose), use the shell to execute the specified command(s).
 772 Interpret their output as object IDs which Git will consider as
 773 "recent", regardless of their age. By treating their mtimes as
 774 "now", any objects (and their descendants) mentioned in the
 775 output will be kept regardless of their true age.</p>
 776 <div class="paragraph">
 777 <p>Output must contain exactly one hex object ID per line, and nothing
 778 else. Objects which cannot be found in the repository are ignored.
 779 Multiple hooks are supported, but all must exit successfully, else the
 780 operation (either generating a cruft pack or unpacking unreachable
 781 objects) will be halted.</p>
 782 </div>
 783 </dd>
 784 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.repackFilter</dt>
 785 <dd>
 786 <p>When repacking, use the specified filter to move certain
 787 objects into a separate packfile.  See the
 788 <code>--filter=</code><em>&lt;filter-spec&gt;</em> option of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>.</p>
 789 </dd>
 790 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.repackFilterTo</dt>
 791 <dd>
 792 <p>When repacking and using a filter, see <code>gc.repackFilter</code>, the
 793 specified location will be used to create the packfile
 794 containing the filtered out objects. <strong>WARNING:</strong> The
 795 specified location should be accessible, using for example the
 796 Git alternates mechanism, otherwise the repo could be
 797 considered corrupt by Git as it might not be able to access the
 798 objects in that packfile. See the <code>--filter-to=</code><em>&lt;dir&gt;</em> option
 799 of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> and the <code>objects/info/alternates</code>
 800 section of <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>.</p>
 801 </dd>
 802 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.rerereResolved</dt>
 803 <dd>
 804 <p>Records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are
 805 kept for this many days when <em>git rerere gc</em> is run.
 806 You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc.
 807 The default is 60 days.  See <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a>.</p>
 808 </dd>
 809 <dt class="hdlist1">gc.rerereUnresolved</dt>
 810 <dd>
 811 <p>Records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
 812 kept for this many days when <em>git rerere gc</em> is run.
 813 You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc.
 814 The default is 15 days.  See <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a>.</p>
 815 </dd>
 816 </dl>
 817 </div>
 818 </div>
 819 </div>
 820 <div class="sect1">
 821 <h2 id="_notes">NOTES</h2>
 822 <div class="sectionbody">
 823 <div class="paragraph">
 824 <p><em>git gc</em> tries very hard not to delete objects that are referenced
 825 anywhere in your repository. In particular, it will keep not only
 826 objects referenced by your current set of branches and tags, but also
 827 objects referenced by the index, remote-tracking branches, reflogs
 828 (which may reference commits in branches that were later amended or
 829 rewound), and anything else in the refs/* namespace. Note that a note
 830 (of the kind created by <em>git notes</em>) attached to an object does not
 831 contribute in keeping the object alive. If you are expecting some
 832 objects to be deleted and they aren&#8217;t, check all of those locations
 833 and decide whether it makes sense in your case to remove those
 834 references.</p>
 835 </div>
 836 <div class="paragraph">
 837 <p>On the other hand, when <em>git gc</em> runs concurrently with another process,
 838 there is a risk of it deleting an object that the other process is using
 839 but hasn&#8217;t created a reference to. This may just cause the other process
 840 to fail or may corrupt the repository if the other process later adds a
 841 reference to the deleted object. Git has two features that significantly
 842 mitigate this problem:</p>
 843 </div>
 844 <div class="olist arabic">
 845 <ol class="arabic">
 846 <li>
 847 <p>Any object with modification time newer than the <code>--prune</code> date is kept,
 848 along with everything reachable from it.</p>
 849 </li>
 850 <li>
 851 <p>Most operations that add an object to the database update the
 852 modification time of the object if it is already present so that #1
 853 applies.</p>
 854 </li>
 855 </ol>
 856 </div>
 857 <div class="paragraph">
 858 <p>However, these features fall short of a complete solution, so users who
 859 run commands concurrently have to live with some risk of corruption (which
 860 seems to be low in practice).</p>
 861 </div>
 862 </div>
 863 </div>
 864 <div class="sect1">
 865 <h2 id="_hooks">HOOKS</h2>
 866 <div class="sectionbody">
 867 <div class="paragraph">
 868 <p>The <em>git gc --auto</em> command will run the <em>pre-auto-gc</em> hook.  See
 869 <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more information.</p>
 870 </div>
 871 </div>
 872 </div>
 873 <div class="sect1">
 874 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
 875 <div class="sectionbody">
 876 <div class="paragraph">
 877 <p><a href="git-prune.html">git-prune(1)</a>
 878 <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a>
 879 <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>
 880 <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a></p>
 881 </div>
 882 </div>
 883 </div>
 884 <div class="sect1">
 885 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 886 <div class="sectionbody">
 887 <div class="paragraph">
 888 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 889 </div>
 890 </div>
 891 </div>
 892 </div>
 893 <div id="footer">
 894 <div id="footer-text">
 895 Last updated 2024-08-26 15:45:16 -0700
 896 </div>
 897 </div>
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