git-grep.html

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 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>git-grep(1) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>git-grep - Print lines matching a pattern</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content"><em>git grep</em> [-a | --text] [-I] [--textconv] [-i | --ignore-case] [-w | --word-regexp]
 455            [-v | --invert-match] [-h|-H] [--full-name]
 456            [-E | --extended-regexp] [-G | --basic-regexp]
 457            [-P | --perl-regexp]
 458            [-F | --fixed-strings] [-n | --line-number] [--column]
 459            [-l | --files-with-matches] [-L | --files-without-match]
 460            [(-O | --open-files-in-pager) [&lt;pager&gt;]]
 461            [-z | --null]
 462            [ -o | --only-matching ] [-c | --count] [--all-match] [-q | --quiet]
 463            [--max-depth &lt;depth&gt;] [--[no-]recursive]
 464            [--color[=&lt;when&gt;] | --no-color]
 465            [--break] [--heading] [-p | --show-function]
 466            [-A &lt;post-context&gt;] [-B &lt;pre-context&gt;] [-C &lt;context&gt;]
 467            [-W | --function-context]
 468            [(-m | --max-count) &lt;num&gt;]
 469            [--threads &lt;num&gt;]
 470            [-f &lt;file&gt;] [-e] &lt;pattern&gt;
 471            [--and|--or|--not|(|)|-e &lt;pattern&gt;&#8230;&#8203;]
 472            [--recurse-submodules] [--parent-basename &lt;basename&gt;]
 473            [ [--[no-]exclude-standard] [--cached | --untracked | --no-index] | &lt;tree&gt;&#8230;&#8203;]
 474            [--] [&lt;pathspec&gt;&#8230;&#8203;]</pre>
 475 </div>
 476 </div>
 477 </div>
 478 <div class="sect1">
 479 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 480 <div class="sectionbody">
 481 <div class="paragraph">
 482 <p>Look for specified patterns in the tracked files in the work tree, blobs
 483 registered in the index file, or blobs in given tree objects.  Patterns
 484 are lists of one or more search expressions separated by newline
 485 characters.  An empty string as search expression matches all lines.</p>
 486 </div>
 487 </div>
 488 </div>
 489 <div class="sect1">
 490 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 491 <div class="sectionbody">
 492 <div class="dlist">
 493 <dl>
 494 <dt class="hdlist1">--cached</dt>
 495 <dd>
 496 <p>Instead of searching tracked files in the working tree, search
 497 blobs registered in the index file.</p>
 498 </dd>
 499 <dt class="hdlist1">--untracked</dt>
 500 <dd>
 501 <p>In addition to searching in the tracked files in the working
 502 tree, search also in untracked files.</p>
 503 </dd>
 504 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-index</dt>
 505 <dd>
 506 <p>Search files in the current directory that is not managed by Git,
 507 or by ignoring that the current directory is managed by Git.  This
 508 is rather similar to running the regular <code>grep</code>(<code>1</code>) utility with its
 509 <code>-r</code> option specified, but with some additional benefits, such as
 510 using pathspec patterns to limit paths;  see the <em>pathspec</em> entry
 511 in <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a> for more information.</p>
 512 <div class="paragraph">
 513 <p>This option cannot be used together with <code>--cached</code> or <code>--untracked</code>.
 514 See also <code>grep.fallbackToNoIndex</code> in <em>CONFIGURATION</em> below.</p>
 515 </div>
 516 </dd>
 517 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-exclude-standard</dt>
 518 <dd>
 519 <p>Also search in ignored files by not honoring the .<code>gitignore</code>
 520 mechanism. Only useful with <code>--untracked</code>.</p>
 521 </dd>
 522 <dt class="hdlist1">--exclude-standard</dt>
 523 <dd>
 524 <p>Do not pay attention to ignored files specified via the .<code>gitignore</code>
 525 mechanism.  Only useful when searching files in the current directory
 526 with <code>--no-index</code>.</p>
 527 </dd>
 528 <dt class="hdlist1">--recurse-submodules</dt>
 529 <dd>
 530 <p>Recursively search in each submodule that is active and
 531 checked out in the repository.  When used in combination with the
 532 <em>&lt;tree&gt;</em> option the prefix of all submodule output will be the name of
 533 the parent project&#8217;s <em>&lt;tree&gt;</em> object.  This option cannot be used together
 534 with <code>--untracked</code>, and it has no effect if <code>--no-index</code> is specified.</p>
 535 </dd>
 536 <dt class="hdlist1">-a</dt>
 537 <dt class="hdlist1">--text</dt>
 538 <dd>
 539 <p>Process binary files as if they were text.</p>
 540 </dd>
 541 <dt class="hdlist1">--textconv</dt>
 542 <dd>
 543 <p>Honor textconv filter settings.</p>
 544 </dd>
 545 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-textconv</dt>
 546 <dd>
 547 <p>Do not honor textconv filter settings.
 548 This is the default.</p>
 549 </dd>
 550 <dt class="hdlist1">-i</dt>
 551 <dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-case</dt>
 552 <dd>
 553 <p>Ignore case differences between the patterns and the
 554 files.</p>
 555 </dd>
 556 <dt class="hdlist1">-I</dt>
 557 <dd>
 558 <p>Don&#8217;t match the pattern in binary files.</p>
 559 </dd>
 560 <dt class="hdlist1">--max-depth &lt;depth&gt;</dt>
 561 <dd>
 562 <p>For each &lt;pathspec&gt; given on command line, descend at most &lt;depth&gt;
 563 levels of directories. A value of -1 means no limit.
 564 This option is ignored if &lt;pathspec&gt; contains active wildcards.
 565 In other words if "a*" matches a directory named "a*",
 566 "*" is matched literally so --max-depth is still effective.</p>
 567 </dd>
 568 <dt class="hdlist1">-r</dt>
 569 <dt class="hdlist1">--recursive</dt>
 570 <dd>
 571 <p>Same as <code>--max-depth=-1</code>; this is the default.</p>
 572 </dd>
 573 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-recursive</dt>
 574 <dd>
 575 <p>Same as <code>--max-depth=0</code>.</p>
 576 </dd>
 577 <dt class="hdlist1">-w</dt>
 578 <dt class="hdlist1">--word-regexp</dt>
 579 <dd>
 580 <p>Match the pattern only at word boundary (either begin at the
 581 beginning of a line, or preceded by a non-word character; end at
 582 the end of a line or followed by a non-word character).</p>
 583 </dd>
 584 <dt class="hdlist1">-v</dt>
 585 <dt class="hdlist1">--invert-match</dt>
 586 <dd>
 587 <p>Select non-matching lines.</p>
 588 </dd>
 589 <dt class="hdlist1">-h</dt>
 590 <dt class="hdlist1">-H</dt>
 591 <dd>
 592 <p>By default, the command shows the filename for each
 593 match.  <code>-h</code> option is used to suppress this output.
 594 <code>-H</code> is there for completeness and does not do anything
 595 except it overrides <code>-h</code> given earlier on the command
 596 line.</p>
 597 </dd>
 598 <dt class="hdlist1">--full-name</dt>
 599 <dd>
 600 <p>When run from a subdirectory, the command usually
 601 outputs paths relative to the current directory.  This
 602 option forces paths to be output relative to the project
 603 top directory.</p>
 604 </dd>
 605 <dt class="hdlist1">-E</dt>
 606 <dt class="hdlist1">--extended-regexp</dt>
 607 <dt class="hdlist1">-G</dt>
 608 <dt class="hdlist1">--basic-regexp</dt>
 609 <dd>
 610 <p>Use POSIX extended/basic regexp for patterns.  Default
 611 is to use basic regexp.</p>
 612 </dd>
 613 <dt class="hdlist1">-P</dt>
 614 <dt class="hdlist1">--perl-regexp</dt>
 615 <dd>
 616 <p>Use Perl-compatible regular expressions for patterns.</p>
 617 <div class="paragraph">
 618 <p>Support for these types of regular expressions is an optional
 619 compile-time dependency. If Git wasn&#8217;t compiled with support for them
 620 providing this option will cause it to die.</p>
 621 </div>
 622 </dd>
 623 <dt class="hdlist1">-F</dt>
 624 <dt class="hdlist1">--fixed-strings</dt>
 625 <dd>
 626 <p>Use fixed strings for patterns (don&#8217;t interpret pattern
 627 as a regex).</p>
 628 </dd>
 629 <dt class="hdlist1">-n</dt>
 630 <dt class="hdlist1">--line-number</dt>
 631 <dd>
 632 <p>Prefix the line number to matching lines.</p>
 633 </dd>
 634 <dt class="hdlist1">--column</dt>
 635 <dd>
 636 <p>Prefix the 1-indexed byte-offset of the first match from the start of the
 637 matching line.</p>
 638 </dd>
 639 <dt class="hdlist1">-l</dt>
 640 <dt class="hdlist1">--files-with-matches</dt>
 641 <dt class="hdlist1">--name-only</dt>
 642 <dt class="hdlist1">-L</dt>
 643 <dt class="hdlist1">--files-without-match</dt>
 644 <dd>
 645 <p>Instead of showing every matched line, show only the
 646 names of files that contain (or do not contain) matches.
 647 For better compatibility with <em>git diff</em>, <code>--name-only</code> is a
 648 synonym for <code>--files-with-matches</code>.</p>
 649 </dd>
 650 <dt class="hdlist1">-O[&lt;pager&gt;]</dt>
 651 <dt class="hdlist1">--open-files-in-pager[=&lt;pager&gt;]</dt>
 652 <dd>
 653 <p>Open the matching files in the pager (not the output of <em>grep</em>).
 654 If the pager happens to be "less" or "vi", and the user
 655 specified only one pattern, the first file is positioned at
 656 the first match automatically. The <code>pager</code> argument is
 657 optional; if specified, it must be stuck to the option
 658 without a space. If <code>pager</code> is unspecified, the default pager
 659 will be used (see <code>core.pager</code> in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
 660 </dd>
 661 <dt class="hdlist1">-z</dt>
 662 <dt class="hdlist1">--null</dt>
 663 <dd>
 664 <p>Use \0 as the delimiter for pathnames in the output, and print
 665 them verbatim. Without this option, pathnames with "unusual"
 666 characters are quoted as explained for the configuration
 667 variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
 668 </dd>
 669 <dt class="hdlist1">-o</dt>
 670 <dt class="hdlist1">--only-matching</dt>
 671 <dd>
 672 <p>Print only the matched (non-empty) parts of a matching line, with each such
 673 part on a separate output line.</p>
 674 </dd>
 675 <dt class="hdlist1">-c</dt>
 676 <dt class="hdlist1">--count</dt>
 677 <dd>
 678 <p>Instead of showing every matched line, show the number of
 679 lines that match.</p>
 680 </dd>
 681 <dt class="hdlist1">--color[=&lt;when&gt;]</dt>
 682 <dd>
 683 <p>Show colored matches.
 684 The value must be always (the default), never, or auto.</p>
 685 </dd>
 686 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-color</dt>
 687 <dd>
 688 <p>Turn off match highlighting, even when the configuration file
 689 gives the default to color output.
 690 Same as <code>--color=never</code>.</p>
 691 </dd>
 692 <dt class="hdlist1">--break</dt>
 693 <dd>
 694 <p>Print an empty line between matches from different files.</p>
 695 </dd>
 696 <dt class="hdlist1">--heading</dt>
 697 <dd>
 698 <p>Show the filename above the matches in that file instead of
 699 at the start of each shown line.</p>
 700 </dd>
 701 <dt class="hdlist1">-p</dt>
 702 <dt class="hdlist1">--show-function</dt>
 703 <dd>
 704 <p>Show the preceding line that contains the function name of
 705 the match, unless the matching line is a function name itself.
 706 The name is determined in the same way as <code>git</code> <code>diff</code> works out
 707 patch hunk headers (see <em>Defining a custom hunk-header</em> in
 708 <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>).</p>
 709 </dd>
 710 <dt class="hdlist1">-&lt;num&gt;</dt>
 711 <dt class="hdlist1">-C &lt;num&gt;</dt>
 712 <dt class="hdlist1">--context &lt;num&gt;</dt>
 713 <dd>
 714 <p>Show &lt;num&gt; leading and trailing lines, and place a line
 715 containing <code>--</code> between contiguous groups of matches.</p>
 716 </dd>
 717 <dt class="hdlist1">-A &lt;num&gt;</dt>
 718 <dt class="hdlist1">--after-context &lt;num&gt;</dt>
 719 <dd>
 720 <p>Show &lt;num&gt; trailing lines, and place a line containing
 721 <code>--</code> between contiguous groups of matches.</p>
 722 </dd>
 723 <dt class="hdlist1">-B &lt;num&gt;</dt>
 724 <dt class="hdlist1">--before-context &lt;num&gt;</dt>
 725 <dd>
 726 <p>Show &lt;num&gt; leading lines, and place a line containing
 727 <code>--</code> between contiguous groups of matches.</p>
 728 </dd>
 729 <dt class="hdlist1">-W</dt>
 730 <dt class="hdlist1">--function-context</dt>
 731 <dd>
 732 <p>Show the surrounding text from the previous line containing a
 733 function name up to the one before the next function name,
 734 effectively showing the whole function in which the match was
 735 found. The function names are determined in the same way as
 736 <code>git</code> <code>diff</code> works out patch hunk headers (see <em>Defining a
 737 custom hunk-header</em> in <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>).</p>
 738 </dd>
 739 <dt class="hdlist1">-m &lt;num&gt;</dt>
 740 <dt class="hdlist1">--max-count &lt;num&gt;</dt>
 741 <dd>
 742 <p>Limit the amount of matches per file. When using the <code>-v</code> or
 743 <code>--invert-match</code> option, the search stops after the specified
 744 number of non-matches. A value of -1 will return unlimited
 745 results (the default). A value of 0 will exit immediately with
 746 a non-zero status.</p>
 747 </dd>
 748 <dt class="hdlist1">--threads &lt;num&gt;</dt>
 749 <dd>
 750 <p>Number of <code>grep</code> worker threads to use.  See <em>NOTES ON THREADS</em>
 751 and <code>grep.threads</code> in <em>CONFIGURATION</em> for more information.</p>
 752 </dd>
 753 <dt class="hdlist1">-f &lt;file&gt;</dt>
 754 <dd>
 755 <p>Read patterns from &lt;file&gt;, one per line.</p>
 756 <div class="paragraph">
 757 <p>Passing the pattern via &lt;file&gt; allows for providing a search pattern
 758 containing a \0.</p>
 759 </div>
 760 <div class="paragraph">
 761 <p>Not all pattern types support patterns containing \0. Git will error
 762 out if a given pattern type can&#8217;t support such a pattern. The
 763 <code>--perl-regexp</code> pattern type when compiled against the PCRE v2 backend
 764 has the widest support for these types of patterns.</p>
 765 </div>
 766 <div class="paragraph">
 767 <p>In versions of Git before 2.23.0 patterns containing \0 would be
 768 silently considered fixed. This was never documented, there were also
 769 odd and undocumented interactions between e.g. non-ASCII patterns
 770 containing \0 and <code>--ignore-case</code>.</p>
 771 </div>
 772 <div class="paragraph">
 773 <p>In future versions we may learn to support patterns containing \0 for
 774 more search backends, until then we&#8217;ll die when the pattern type in
 775 question doesn&#8217;t support them.</p>
 776 </div>
 777 </dd>
 778 <dt class="hdlist1">-e</dt>
 779 <dd>
 780 <p>The next parameter is the pattern. This option has to be
 781 used for patterns starting with <code>-</code> and should be used in
 782 scripts passing user input to grep.  Multiple patterns are
 783 combined by <em>or</em>.</p>
 784 </dd>
 785 <dt class="hdlist1">--and</dt>
 786 <dt class="hdlist1">--or</dt>
 787 <dt class="hdlist1">--not</dt>
 788 <dt class="hdlist1">( &#8230;&#8203; )</dt>
 789 <dd>
 790 <p>Specify how multiple patterns are combined using Boolean
 791 expressions.  <code>--or</code> is the default operator.  <code>--and</code> has
 792 higher precedence than <code>--or</code>.  <code>-e</code> has to be used for all
 793 patterns.</p>
 794 </dd>
 795 <dt class="hdlist1">--all-match</dt>
 796 <dd>
 797 <p>When giving multiple pattern expressions combined with <code>--or</code>,
 798 this flag is specified to limit the match to files that
 799 have lines to match all of them.</p>
 800 </dd>
 801 <dt class="hdlist1">-q</dt>
 802 <dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt>
 803 <dd>
 804 <p>Do not output matched lines; instead, exit with status 0 when
 805 there is a match and with non-zero status when there isn&#8217;t.</p>
 806 </dd>
 807 <dt class="hdlist1">&lt;tree&gt;&#8230;&#8203;</dt>
 808 <dd>
 809 <p>Instead of searching tracked files in the working tree, search
 810 blobs in the given trees.</p>
 811 </dd>
 812 <dt class="hdlist1">--</dt>
 813 <dd>
 814 <p>Signals the end of options; the rest of the parameters
 815 are &lt;pathspec&gt; limiters.</p>
 816 </dd>
 817 <dt class="hdlist1">&lt;pathspec&gt;&#8230;&#8203;</dt>
 818 <dd>
 819 <p>If given, limit the search to paths matching at least one pattern.
 820 Both leading paths match and glob(7) patterns are supported.</p>
 821 <div class="paragraph">
 822 <p>For more details about the &lt;pathspec&gt; syntax, see the <em>pathspec</em> entry
 823 in <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>.</p>
 824 </div>
 825 </dd>
 826 </dl>
 827 </div>
 828 </div>
 829 </div>
 830 <div class="sect1">
 831 <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
 832 <div class="sectionbody">
 833 <div class="dlist">
 834 <dl>
 835 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>git</code> <code>grep</code> 'time_t' <code>--</code> '*.[<code>ch</code>]'</dt>
 836 <dd>
 837 <p>Looks for <code>time_t</code> in all tracked .c and .h files in the working
 838 directory and its subdirectories.</p>
 839 </dd>
 840 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>git</code> <code>grep</code> <code>-e</code> '#define' <code>--and</code> \( <code>-e</code> <code>MAX_PATH</code> <code>-e</code> <code>PATH_MAX</code> \)</dt>
 841 <dd>
 842 <p>Looks for a line that has #define and either <code>MAX_PATH</code> or
 843 <code>PATH_MAX</code>.</p>
 844 </dd>
 845 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>git</code> <code>grep</code> <code>--all-match</code> <code>-e</code> <code>NODE</code> <code>-e</code> <code>Unexpected</code></dt>
 846 <dd>
 847 <p>Looks for a line that has <code>NODE</code> or <code>Unexpected</code> in
 848 files that have lines that match both.</p>
 849 </dd>
 850 <dt class="hdlist1"><code>git</code> <code>grep</code> <code>solution</code> <code>--</code> <code>:^Documentation</code></dt>
 851 <dd>
 852 <p>Looks for <code>solution</code>, excluding files in <code>Documentation</code>.</p>
 853 </dd>
 854 </dl>
 855 </div>
 856 </div>
 857 </div>
 858 <div class="sect1">
 859 <h2 id="_notes_on_threads">NOTES ON THREADS</h2>
 860 <div class="sectionbody">
 861 <div class="paragraph">
 862 <p>The <code>--threads</code> option (and the <code>grep.threads</code> configuration) will be ignored when
 863 <code>--open-files-in-pager</code> is used, forcing a single-threaded execution.</p>
 864 </div>
 865 <div class="paragraph">
 866 <p>When grepping the object store (with <code>--cached</code> or giving tree objects), running
 867 with multiple threads might perform slower than single-threaded if <code>--textconv</code>
 868 is given and there are too many text conversions.  Thus, if low performance is
 869 experienced in this case, it might be desirable to use <code>--threads=1</code>.</p>
 870 </div>
 871 </div>
 872 </div>
 873 <div class="sect1">
 874 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
 875 <div class="sectionbody">
 876 <div class="paragraph">
 877 <p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included
 878 from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same
 879 as what&#8217;s found there:</p>
 880 </div>
 881 <div class="dlist">
 882 <dl>
 883 <dt class="hdlist1">grep.lineNumber</dt>
 884 <dd>
 885 <p>If set to true, enable <code>-n</code> option by default.</p>
 886 </dd>
 887 <dt class="hdlist1">grep.column</dt>
 888 <dd>
 889 <p>If set to true, enable the <code>--column</code> option by default.</p>
 890 </dd>
 891 <dt class="hdlist1">grep.patternType</dt>
 892 <dd>
 893 <p>Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of <em>basic</em>, <em>extended</em>,
 894 <em>fixed</em>, or <em>perl</em> will enable the <code>--basic-regexp</code>, <code>--extended-regexp</code>,
 895 <code>--fixed-strings</code>, or <code>--perl-regexp</code> option accordingly, while the
 896 value <em>default</em> will use the <code>grep.extendedRegexp</code> option to choose
 897 between <em>basic</em> and <em>extended</em>.</p>
 898 </dd>
 899 <dt class="hdlist1">grep.extendedRegexp</dt>
 900 <dd>
 901 <p>If set to true, enable <code>--extended-regexp</code> option by default. This
 902 option is ignored when the <code>grep.patternType</code> option is set to a value
 903 other than <em>default</em>.</p>
 904 </dd>
 905 <dt class="hdlist1">grep.threads</dt>
 906 <dd>
 907 <p>Number of grep worker threads to use. If unset (or set to 0), Git will
 908 use as many threads as the number of logical cores available.</p>
 909 </dd>
 910 <dt class="hdlist1">grep.fullName</dt>
 911 <dd>
 912 <p>If set to true, enable <code>--full-name</code> option by default.</p>
 913 </dd>
 914 <dt class="hdlist1">grep.fallbackToNoIndex</dt>
 915 <dd>
 916 <p>If set to true, fall back to <code>git</code> <code>grep</code> <code>--no-index</code> if <code>git</code> <code>grep</code>
 917 is executed outside of a git repository.  Defaults to false.</p>
 918 </dd>
 919 </dl>
 920 </div>
 921 </div>
 922 </div>
 923 <div class="sect1">
 924 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 925 <div class="sectionbody">
 926 <div class="paragraph">
 927 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 928 </div>
 929 </div>
 930 </div>
 931 </div>
 932 <div id="footer">
 933 <div id="footer-text">
 934 Last updated 2024-04-03 15:35:56 -0700
 935 </div>
 936 </div>
 937 </body>
 938 </html>