git-http-backend.html

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 441 <body class="manpage">
 442 <div id="header">
 443 <h1>git-http-backend(1) Manual Page</h1>
 444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
 445 <div class="sectionbody">
 446 <p>git-http-backend - Server side implementation of Git over HTTP</p>
 447 </div>
 448 </div>
 449 <div id="content">
 450 <div class="sect1">
 451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 452 <div class="sectionbody">
 453 <div class="verseblock">
 454 <pre class="content"><em>git http-backend</em></pre>
 455 </div>
 456 </div>
 457 </div>
 458 <div class="sect1">
 459 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 460 <div class="sectionbody">
 461 <div class="paragraph">
 462 <p>A simple CGI program to serve the contents of a Git repository to Git
 463 clients accessing the repository over http:// and https:// protocols.
 464 The program supports clients fetching using both the smart HTTP protocol
 465 and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as clients
 466 pushing using the smart HTTP protocol. It also supports Git&#8217;s
 467 more-efficient "v2" protocol if properly configured; see the
 468 discussion of <code>GIT_PROTOCOL</code> in the ENVIRONMENT section below.</p>
 469 </div>
 470 <div class="paragraph">
 471 <p>It verifies that the directory has the magic file
 472 "git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory
 473 that hasn&#8217;t explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
 474 <code>GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL</code> environment variable is set).</p>
 475 </div>
 476 <div class="paragraph">
 477 <p>By default, only the <code>upload-pack</code> service is enabled, which serves
 478 <em>git fetch-pack</em> and <em>git ls-remote</em> clients, which are invoked from
 479 <em>git fetch</em>, <em>git pull</em>, and <em>git clone</em>.  If the client is authenticated,
 480 the <code>receive-pack</code> service is enabled, which serves <em>git send-pack</em>
 481 clients, which is invoked from <em>git push</em>.</p>
 482 </div>
 483 </div>
 484 </div>
 485 <div class="sect1">
 486 <h2 id="_services">SERVICES</h2>
 487 <div class="sectionbody">
 488 <div class="paragraph">
 489 <p>These services can be enabled/disabled using the per-repository
 490 configuration file:</p>
 491 </div>
 492 <div class="dlist">
 493 <dl>
 494 <dt class="hdlist1">http.getanyfile</dt>
 495 <dd>
 496 <p>This serves Git clients older than version 1.6.6 that are unable to use the
 497 upload pack service.  When enabled, clients are able to read
 498 any file within the repository, including objects that are
 499 no longer reachable from a branch but are still present.
 500 It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
 501 by setting this configuration value to <code>false</code>.</p>
 502 </dd>
 503 <dt class="hdlist1">http.uploadpack</dt>
 504 <dd>
 505 <p>This serves <em>git fetch-pack</em> and <em>git ls-remote</em> clients.
 506 It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
 507 by setting this configuration value to <code>false</code>.</p>
 508 </dd>
 509 <dt class="hdlist1">http.receivepack</dt>
 510 <dd>
 511 <p>This serves <em>git send-pack</em> clients, allowing push.  It is
 512 disabled by default for anonymous users, and enabled by
 513 default for users authenticated by the web server.  It can be
 514 disabled by setting this item to <code>false</code>, or enabled for all
 515 users, including anonymous users, by setting it to <code>true</code>.</p>
 516 </dd>
 517 </dl>
 518 </div>
 519 </div>
 520 </div>
 521 <div class="sect1">
 522 <h2 id="_url_translation">URL TRANSLATION</h2>
 523 <div class="sectionbody">
 524 <div class="paragraph">
 525 <p>To determine the location of the repository on disk, <em>git http-backend</em>
 526 concatenates the environment variables PATH_INFO, which is set
 527 automatically by the web server, and GIT_PROJECT_ROOT, which must be set
 528 manually in the web server configuration.  If GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is not
 529 set, <em>git http-backend</em> reads PATH_TRANSLATED, which is also set
 530 automatically by the web server.</p>
 531 </div>
 532 </div>
 533 </div>
 534 <div class="sect1">
 535 <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
 536 <div class="sectionbody">
 537 <div class="paragraph">
 538 <p>All of the following examples map <code>http://$hostname/git/foo/bar.git</code>
 539 to <code>/var/www/git/foo/bar.git</code>.</p>
 540 </div>
 541 <div class="dlist">
 542 <dl>
 543 <dt class="hdlist1">Apache 2.x</dt>
 544 <dd>
 545 <p>Ensure mod_cgi, mod_alias, and mod_env are enabled, set
 546 GIT_PROJECT_ROOT (or DocumentRoot) appropriately, and
 547 create a ScriptAlias to the CGI:</p>
 548 <div class="listingblock">
 549 <div class="content">
 550 <pre>SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
 551 SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
 552 ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
 553
 554 # This is not strictly necessary using Apache and a modern version of
 555 # git-http-backend, as the webserver will pass along the header in the
 556 # environment as HTTP_GIT_PROTOCOL, and http-backend will copy that into
 557 # GIT_PROTOCOL. But you may need this line (or something similar if you
 558 # are using a different webserver), or if you want to support older Git
 559 # versions that did not do that copying.
 560 #
 561 # Having the webserver set up GIT_PROTOCOL is perfectly fine even with
 562 # modern versions (and will take precedence over HTTP_GIT_PROTOCOL,
 563 # which means it can be used to override the client's request).
 564 SetEnvIf Git-Protocol ".*" GIT_PROTOCOL=$0</pre>
 565 </div>
 566 </div>
 567 <div class="paragraph">
 568 <p>To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
 569 require authorization for both the initial ref advertisement (which we
 570 detect as a push via the service parameter in the query string), and the
 571 receive-pack invocation itself:</p>
 572 </div>
 573 <div class="listingblock">
 574 <div class="content">
 575 <pre>RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
 576 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
 577 RewriteRule ^/git/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
 578
 579 &lt;LocationMatch "^/git/"&gt;
 580         Order Deny,Allow
 581         Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
 582
 583         AuthType Basic
 584         AuthName "Git Access"
 585         Require group committers
 586         Satisfy Any
 587         ...
 588 &lt;/LocationMatch&gt;</pre>
 589 </div>
 590 </div>
 591 <div class="paragraph">
 592 <p>If you do not have <code>mod_rewrite</code> available to match against the query
 593 string, it is sufficient to just protect <code>git-receive-pack</code> itself,
 594 like:</p>
 595 </div>
 596 <div class="listingblock">
 597 <div class="content">
 598 <pre>&lt;LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$"&gt;
 599         AuthType Basic
 600         AuthName "Git Access"
 601         Require group committers
 602         ...
 603 &lt;/LocationMatch&gt;</pre>
 604 </div>
 605 </div>
 606 <div class="paragraph">
 607 <p>In this mode, the server will not request authentication until the
 608 client actually starts the object negotiation phase of the push, rather
 609 than during the initial contact.  For this reason, you must also enable
 610 the <code>http.receivepack</code> config option in any repositories that should
 611 accept a push. The default behavior, if <code>http.receivepack</code> is not set,
 612 is to reject any pushes by unauthenticated users; the initial request
 613 will therefore report <code>403</code> <code>Forbidden</code> to the client, without even giving
 614 an opportunity for authentication.</p>
 615 </div>
 616 <div class="paragraph">
 617 <p>To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
 618 directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:</p>
 619 </div>
 620 <div class="listingblock">
 621 <div class="content">
 622 <pre>&lt;Location /git/private&gt;
 623         AuthType Basic
 624         AuthName "Private Git Access"
 625         Require group committers
 626         ...
 627 &lt;/Location&gt;</pre>
 628 </div>
 629 </div>
 630 <div class="paragraph">
 631 <p>To serve gitweb at the same url, use a ScriptAliasMatch to only
 632 those URLs that <em>git http-backend</em> can handle, and forward the
 633 rest to gitweb:</p>
 634 </div>
 635 <div class="listingblock">
 636 <div class="content">
 637 <pre>ScriptAliasMatch \
 638         "(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
 639                         info/refs | \
 640                         objects/(info/[^/]+ | \
 641                                  [0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | \
 642                                  pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\.(pack|idx)) | \
 643                         git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
 644         /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
 645
 646 ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/</pre>
 647 </div>
 648 </div>
 649 <div class="paragraph">
 650 <p>To serve multiple repositories from different <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a> in a
 651 single repository:</p>
 652 </div>
 653 <div class="listingblock">
 654 <div class="content">
 655 <pre>SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/git/([^/]*)" GIT_NAMESPACE=$1
 656 ScriptAliasMatch ^/git/[^/]*(.*) /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/storage.git$1</pre>
 657 </div>
 658 </div>
 659 </dd>
 660 <dt class="hdlist1">Accelerated static Apache 2.x</dt>
 661 <dd>
 662 <p>Similar to the above, but Apache can be used to return static
 663 files that are stored on disk.  On many systems this may
 664 be more efficient as Apache can ask the kernel to copy the
 665 file contents from the file system directly to the network:</p>
 666 <div class="listingblock">
 667 <div class="content">
 668 <pre>SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
 669
 670 AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$          /var/www/git/$1
 671 AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
 672 ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/</pre>
 673 </div>
 674 </div>
 675 <div class="paragraph">
 676 <p>This can be combined with the gitweb configuration:</p>
 677 </div>
 678 <div class="listingblock">
 679 <div class="content">
 680 <pre>SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
 681
 682 AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$          /var/www/git/$1
 683 AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
 684 ScriptAliasMatch \
 685         "(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
 686                         info/refs | \
 687                         objects/info/[^/]+ | \
 688                         git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
 689         /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
 690 ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/</pre>
 691 </div>
 692 </div>
 693 </dd>
 694 <dt class="hdlist1">Lighttpd</dt>
 695 <dd>
 696 <p>Ensure that <code>mod_cgi</code>, <code>mod_alias</code>, <code>mod_auth</code>, <code>mod_setenv</code> are
 697 loaded, then set <code>GIT_PROJECT_ROOT</code> appropriately and redirect
 698 all requests to the CGI:</p>
 699 <div class="listingblock">
 700 <div class="content">
 701 <pre>alias.url += ( "/git" =&gt; "/usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend" )
 702 $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git" {
 703         cgi.assign = ("" =&gt; "")
 704         setenv.add-environment = (
 705                 "GIT_PROJECT_ROOT" =&gt; "/var/www/git",
 706                 "GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL" =&gt; ""
 707         )
 708 }</pre>
 709 </div>
 710 </div>
 711 <div class="paragraph">
 712 <p>To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access:</p>
 713 </div>
 714 <div class="listingblock">
 715 <div class="content">
 716 <pre>$HTTP["querystring"] =~ "service=git-receive-pack" {
 717         include "git-auth.conf"
 718 }
 719 $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$" {
 720         include "git-auth.conf"
 721 }</pre>
 722 </div>
 723 </div>
 724 <div class="paragraph">
 725 <p>where <code>git-auth.conf</code> looks something like:</p>
 726 </div>
 727 <div class="listingblock">
 728 <div class="content">
 729 <pre>auth.require = (
 730         "/" =&gt; (
 731                 "method" =&gt; "basic",
 732                 "realm" =&gt; "Git Access",
 733                 "require" =&gt; "valid-user"
 734                )
 735 )
 736 # ...and set up auth.backend here</pre>
 737 </div>
 738 </div>
 739 <div class="paragraph">
 740 <p>To require authentication for both reads and writes:</p>
 741 </div>
 742 <div class="listingblock">
 743 <div class="content">
 744 <pre>$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/private" {
 745         include "git-auth.conf"
 746 }</pre>
 747 </div>
 748 </div>
 749 </dd>
 750 </dl>
 751 </div>
 752 </div>
 753 </div>
 754 <div class="sect1">
 755 <h2 id="_environment">ENVIRONMENT</h2>
 756 <div class="sectionbody">
 757 <div class="paragraph">
 758 <p><em>git http-backend</em> relies upon the <code>CGI</code> environment variables set
 759 by the invoking web server, including:</p>
 760 </div>
 761 <div class="ulist">
 762 <ul>
 763 <li>
 764 <p>PATH_INFO (if GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is set, otherwise PATH_TRANSLATED)</p>
 765 </li>
 766 <li>
 767 <p>REMOTE_USER</p>
 768 </li>
 769 <li>
 770 <p>REMOTE_ADDR</p>
 771 </li>
 772 <li>
 773 <p>CONTENT_TYPE</p>
 774 </li>
 775 <li>
 776 <p>QUERY_STRING</p>
 777 </li>
 778 <li>
 779 <p>REQUEST_METHOD</p>
 780 </li>
 781 </ul>
 782 </div>
 783 <div class="paragraph">
 784 <p>The <code>GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL</code> environment variable may be passed to
 785 <em>git-http-backend</em> to bypass the check for the "git-daemon-export-ok"
 786 file in each repository before allowing export of that repository.</p>
 787 </div>
 788 <div class="paragraph">
 789 <p>The <code>GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUEST_BUFFER</code> environment variable (or the
 790 <code>http.maxRequestBuffer</code> config option) may be set to change the
 791 largest ref negotiation request that git will handle during a fetch; any
 792 fetch requiring a larger buffer will not succeed.  This value should not
 793 normally need to be changed, but may be helpful if you are fetching from
 794 a repository with an extremely large number of refs.  The value can be
 795 specified with a unit (e.g., <code>100M</code> for 100 megabytes). The default is
 796 10 megabytes.</p>
 797 </div>
 798 <div class="paragraph">
 799 <p>Clients may probe for optional protocol capabilities (like the v2
 800 protocol) using the <code>Git-Protocol</code> HTTP header. In order to support
 801 these, the contents of that header must appear in the <code>GIT_PROTOCOL</code>
 802 environment variable. Most webservers will pass this header to the CGI
 803 via the <code>HTTP_GIT_PROTOCOL</code> variable, and <code>git-http-backend</code> will
 804 automatically copy that to <code>GIT_PROTOCOL</code>. However, some webservers may
 805 be more selective about which headers they&#8217;ll pass, in which case they
 806 need to be configured explicitly (see the mention of <code>Git-Protocol</code> in
 807 the Apache config from the earlier EXAMPLES section).</p>
 808 </div>
 809 <div class="paragraph">
 810 <p>The backend process sets GIT_COMMITTER_NAME to <em>$REMOTE_USER</em> and
 811 GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL to <em>${REMOTE_USER}@http.${REMOTE_ADDR}</em>,
 812 ensuring that any reflogs created by <em>git-receive-pack</em> contain some
 813 identifying information of the remote user who performed the push.</p>
 814 </div>
 815 <div class="paragraph">
 816 <p>All <code>CGI</code> environment variables are available to each of the hooks
 817 invoked by the <em>git-receive-pack</em>.</p>
 818 </div>
 819 </div>
 820 </div>
 821 <div class="sect1">
 822 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 823 <div class="sectionbody">
 824 <div class="paragraph">
 825 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
 826 </div>
 827 </div>
 828 </div>
 829 </div>
 830 <div id="footer">
 831 <div id="footer-text">
 832 Last updated 2023-10-23 14:43:46 -0700
 833 </div>
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