Autogenerated HTML docs for v2.47.0-229-g8f8d6
[git-htmldocs.git] / git-stash.html
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440 </head>
441 <body class="manpage">
442 <div id="header">
443 <h1>git-stash(1) Manual Page</h1>
444 <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
445 <div class="sectionbody">
446 <p>git-stash - Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away</p>
447 </div>
448 </div>
449 <div id="content">
450 <div class="sect1">
451 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
452 <div class="sectionbody">
453 <div class="verseblock">
454 <pre class="content"><em>git stash</em> list [&lt;log-options&gt;]
455 <em>git stash</em> show [-u | --include-untracked | --only-untracked] [&lt;diff-options&gt;] [&lt;stash&gt;]
456 <em>git stash</em> drop [-q | --quiet] [&lt;stash&gt;]
457 <em>git stash</em> pop [--index] [-q | --quiet] [&lt;stash&gt;]
458 <em>git stash</em> apply [--index] [-q | --quiet] [&lt;stash&gt;]
459 <em>git stash</em> branch &lt;branchname&gt; [&lt;stash&gt;]
460 <em>git stash</em> [push [-p | --patch] [-S | --staged] [-k | --[no-]keep-index] [-q | --quiet]
461 [-u | --include-untracked] [-a | --all] [(-m | --message) &lt;message&gt;]
462 [--pathspec-from-file=&lt;file&gt; [--pathspec-file-nul]]
463 [--] [&lt;pathspec&gt;&#8230;&#8203;]]
464 <em>git stash</em> save [-p | --patch] [-S | --staged] [-k | --[no-]keep-index] [-q | --quiet]
465 [-u | --include-untracked] [-a | --all] [&lt;message&gt;]
466 <em>git stash</em> clear
467 <em>git stash</em> create [&lt;message&gt;]
468 <em>git stash</em> store [(-m | --message) &lt;message&gt;] [-q | --quiet] &lt;commit&gt;</pre>
469 </div>
470 </div>
471 </div>
472 <div class="sect1">
473 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
474 <div class="sectionbody">
475 <div class="paragraph">
476 <p>Use <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> when you want to record the current state of the
477 working directory and the index, but want to go back to a clean
478 working directory. The command saves your local modifications away
479 and reverts the working directory to match the <code>HEAD</code> commit.</p>
480 </div>
481 <div class="paragraph">
482 <p>The modifications stashed away by this command can be listed with
483 <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>list</code>, inspected with <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>show</code>, and restored
484 (potentially on top of a different commit) with <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>apply</code>.
485 Calling <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> without any arguments is equivalent to <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>push</code>.
486 A stash is by default listed as "WIP on <em>branchname</em> &#8230;&#8203;", but
487 you can give a more descriptive message on the command line when
488 you create one.</p>
489 </div>
490 <div class="paragraph">
491 <p>The latest stash you created is stored in <code>refs/stash</code>; older
492 stashes are found in the reflog of this reference and can be named using
493 the usual reflog syntax (e.g. <code>stash@</code>{0} is the most recently
494 created stash, <code>stash@</code>{1} is the one before it, <code>stash@</code>{2.<code>hours.ago</code>}
495 is also possible). Stashes may also be referenced by specifying just the
496 stash index (e.g. the integer <code>n</code> is equivalent to <code>stash@</code>{n}).</p>
497 </div>
498 </div>
499 </div>
500 <div class="sect1">
501 <h2 id="_commands">COMMANDS</h2>
502 <div class="sectionbody">
503 <div class="dlist">
504 <dl>
505 <dt class="hdlist1">push [-p|--patch] [-S|--staged] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [(-m|--message) &lt;message&gt;] [--pathspec-from-file=&lt;file&gt; [--pathspec-file-nul]] [--] [&lt;pathspec&gt;&#8230;&#8203;]</dt>
506 <dd>
507 <p>Save your local modifications to a new <em>stash entry</em> and roll them
508 back to HEAD (in the working tree and in the index).
509 The &lt;message&gt; part is optional and gives
510 the description along with the stashed state.</p>
511 <div class="paragraph">
512 <p>For quickly making a snapshot, you can omit "push". In this mode,
513 non-option arguments are not allowed to prevent a misspelled
514 subcommand from making an unwanted stash entry. The two exceptions to this
515 are <code>stash</code> <code>-p</code> which acts as alias for <code>stash</code> <code>push</code> <code>-p</code> and pathspec elements,
516 which are allowed after a double hyphen <code>--</code> for disambiguation.</p>
517 </div>
518 </dd>
519 <dt class="hdlist1">save [-p|--patch] [-S|--staged] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [&lt;message&gt;]</dt>
520 <dd>
521 <p>This option is deprecated in favour of <em>git stash push</em>. It
522 differs from "stash push" in that it cannot take pathspec.
523 Instead, all non-option arguments are concatenated to form the stash
524 message.</p>
525 </dd>
526 <dt class="hdlist1">list [&lt;log-options&gt;]</dt>
527 <dd>
528 <p>List the stash entries that you currently have. Each <em>stash entry</em> is
529 listed with its name (e.g. <code>stash@</code>{0} is the latest entry, <code>stash@</code>{1} is
530 the one before, etc.), the name of the branch that was current when the
531 entry was made, and a short description of the commit the entry was
532 based on.</p>
533 <div class="listingblock">
534 <div class="content">
535 <pre>stash@{0}: WIP on submit: 6ebd0e2... Update git-stash documentation
536 stash@{1}: On master: 9cc0589... Add git-stash</pre>
537 </div>
538 </div>
539 <div class="paragraph">
540 <p>The command takes options applicable to the <em>git log</em>
541 command to control what is shown and how. See <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>.</p>
542 </div>
543 </dd>
544 <dt class="hdlist1">show [-u|--include-untracked|--only-untracked] [&lt;diff-options&gt;] [&lt;stash&gt;]</dt>
545 <dd>
546 <p>Show the changes recorded in the stash entry as a diff between the
547 stashed contents and the commit back when the stash entry was first
548 created.
549 By default, the command shows the diffstat, but it will accept any
550 format known to <em>git diff</em> (e.g., <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>show</code> <code>-p</code> <code>stash@</code>{1}
551 to view the second most recent entry in patch form).
552 If no <em>&lt;diff-option&gt;</em> is provided, the default behavior will be given
553 by the <code>stash.showStat</code>, and <code>stash.showPatch</code> config variables. You
554 can also use <code>stash.showIncludeUntracked</code> to set whether
555 <code>--include-untracked</code> is enabled by default.</p>
556 </dd>
557 <dt class="hdlist1">pop [--index] [-q|--quiet] [&lt;stash&gt;]</dt>
558 <dd>
559 <p>Remove a single stashed state from the stash list and apply it
560 on top of the current working tree state, i.e., do the inverse
561 operation of <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>push</code>. The working directory must
562 match the index.</p>
563 <div class="paragraph">
564 <p>Applying the state can fail with conflicts; in this case, it is not
565 removed from the stash list. You need to resolve the conflicts by hand
566 and call <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>drop</code> manually afterwards.</p>
567 </div>
568 </dd>
569 <dt class="hdlist1">apply [--index] [-q|--quiet] [&lt;stash&gt;]</dt>
570 <dd>
571 <p>Like <code>pop</code>, but do not remove the state from the stash list. Unlike <code>pop</code>,
572 <em>&lt;stash&gt;</em> may be any commit that looks like a commit created by
573 <code>stash</code> <code>push</code> or <code>stash</code> <code>create</code>.</p>
574 </dd>
575 <dt class="hdlist1">branch &lt;branchname&gt; [&lt;stash&gt;]</dt>
576 <dd>
577 <p>Creates and checks out a new branch named <em>&lt;branchname&gt;</em> starting from
578 the commit at which the <em>&lt;stash&gt;</em> was originally created, applies the
579 changes recorded in <em>&lt;stash&gt;</em> to the new working tree and index.
580 If that succeeds, and <em>&lt;stash&gt;</em> is a reference of the form
581 <code>stash@</code>{<em>&lt;revision&gt;</em>}, it then drops the <em>&lt;stash&gt;</em>.</p>
582 <div class="paragraph">
583 <p>This is useful if the branch on which you ran <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>push</code> has
584 changed enough that <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>apply</code> fails due to conflicts. Since
585 the stash entry is applied on top of the commit that was HEAD at the
586 time <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> was run, it restores the originally stashed state
587 with no conflicts.</p>
588 </div>
589 </dd>
590 <dt class="hdlist1">clear</dt>
591 <dd>
592 <p>Remove all the stash entries. Note that those entries will then
593 be subject to pruning, and may be impossible to recover (see
594 <em>Examples</em> below for a possible strategy).</p>
595 </dd>
596 <dt class="hdlist1">drop [-q|--quiet] [&lt;stash&gt;]</dt>
597 <dd>
598 <p>Remove a single stash entry from the list of stash entries.</p>
599 </dd>
600 <dt class="hdlist1">create</dt>
601 <dd>
602 <p>Create a stash entry (which is a regular commit object) and
603 return its object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref
604 namespace.
605 This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is probably not
606 the command you want to use; see "push" above.</p>
607 </dd>
608 <dt class="hdlist1">store</dt>
609 <dd>
610 <p>Store a given stash created via <em>git stash create</em> (which is a
611 dangling merge commit) in the stash ref, updating the stash
612 reflog. This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is
613 probably not the command you want to use; see "push" above.</p>
614 </dd>
615 </dl>
616 </div>
617 </div>
618 </div>
619 <div class="sect1">
620 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
621 <div class="sectionbody">
622 <div class="dlist">
623 <dl>
624 <dt class="hdlist1">-a</dt>
625 <dt class="hdlist1">--all</dt>
626 <dd>
627 <p>This option is only valid for <code>push</code> and <code>save</code> commands.</p>
628 <div class="paragraph">
629 <p>All ignored and untracked files are also stashed and then cleaned
630 up with <code>git</code> <code>clean</code>.</p>
631 </div>
632 </dd>
633 <dt class="hdlist1">-u</dt>
634 <dt class="hdlist1">--include-untracked</dt>
635 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-include-untracked</dt>
636 <dd>
637 <p>When used with the <code>push</code> and <code>save</code> commands,
638 all untracked files are also stashed and then cleaned up with
639 <code>git</code> <code>clean</code>.</p>
640 <div class="paragraph">
641 <p>When used with the <code>show</code> command, show the untracked files in the stash
642 entry as part of the diff.</p>
643 </div>
644 </dd>
645 <dt class="hdlist1">--only-untracked</dt>
646 <dd>
647 <p>This option is only valid for the <code>show</code> command.</p>
648 <div class="paragraph">
649 <p>Show only the untracked files in the stash entry as part of the diff.</p>
650 </div>
651 </dd>
652 <dt class="hdlist1">--index</dt>
653 <dd>
654 <p>This option is only valid for <code>pop</code> and <code>apply</code> commands.</p>
655 <div class="paragraph">
656 <p>Tries to reinstate not only the working tree&#8217;s changes, but also
657 the index&#8217;s ones. However, this can fail, when you have conflicts
658 (which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no longer
659 apply the changes as they were originally).</p>
660 </div>
661 </dd>
662 <dt class="hdlist1">-k</dt>
663 <dt class="hdlist1">--keep-index</dt>
664 <dt class="hdlist1">--no-keep-index</dt>
665 <dd>
666 <p>This option is only valid for <code>push</code> and <code>save</code> commands.</p>
667 <div class="paragraph">
668 <p>All changes already added to the index are left intact.</p>
669 </div>
670 </dd>
671 <dt class="hdlist1">-p</dt>
672 <dt class="hdlist1">--patch</dt>
673 <dd>
674 <p>This option is only valid for <code>push</code> and <code>save</code> commands.</p>
675 <div class="paragraph">
676 <p>Interactively select hunks from the diff between HEAD and the
677 working tree to be stashed. The stash entry is constructed such
678 that its index state is the same as the index state of your
679 repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you selected
680 interactively. The selected changes are then rolled back from your
681 worktree. See the &#8220;Interactive Mode&#8221; section of <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>
682 to learn how to operate the <code>--patch</code> mode.</p>
683 </div>
684 <div class="paragraph">
685 <p>The <code>--patch</code> option implies <code>--keep-index</code>. You can use
686 <code>--no-keep-index</code> to override this.</p>
687 </div>
688 </dd>
689 <dt class="hdlist1">-S</dt>
690 <dt class="hdlist1">--staged</dt>
691 <dd>
692 <p>This option is only valid for <code>push</code> and <code>save</code> commands.</p>
693 <div class="paragraph">
694 <p>Stash only the changes that are currently staged. This is similar to
695 basic <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> except the state is committed to the stash instead
696 of current branch.</p>
697 </div>
698 <div class="paragraph">
699 <p>The <code>--patch</code> option has priority over this one.</p>
700 </div>
701 </dd>
702 <dt class="hdlist1">--pathspec-from-file=&lt;file&gt;</dt>
703 <dd>
704 <p>This option is only valid for <code>push</code> command.</p>
705 <div class="paragraph">
706 <p>Pathspec is passed in <em>&lt;file&gt;</em> instead of commandline args. If
707 <em>&lt;file&gt;</em> is exactly <code>-</code> then standard input is used. Pathspec
708 elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
709 quoted as explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code>
710 (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). See also <code>--pathspec-file-nul</code> and
711 global <code>--literal-pathspecs</code>.</p>
712 </div>
713 </dd>
714 <dt class="hdlist1">--pathspec-file-nul</dt>
715 <dd>
716 <p>This option is only valid for <code>push</code> command.</p>
717 <div class="paragraph">
718 <p>Only meaningful with <code>--pathspec-from-file</code>. Pathspec elements are
719 separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
720 literally (including newlines and quotes).</p>
721 </div>
722 </dd>
723 <dt class="hdlist1">-q</dt>
724 <dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt>
725 <dd>
726 <p>This option is only valid for <code>apply</code>, <code>drop</code>, <code>pop</code>, <code>push</code>,
727 <code>save</code>, <code>store</code> commands.</p>
728 <div class="paragraph">
729 <p>Quiet, suppress feedback messages.</p>
730 </div>
731 </dd>
732 <dt class="hdlist1">--</dt>
733 <dd>
734 <p>This option is only valid for <code>push</code> command.</p>
735 <div class="paragraph">
736 <p>Separates pathspec from options for disambiguation purposes.</p>
737 </div>
738 </dd>
739 <dt class="hdlist1">&lt;pathspec&gt;&#8230;&#8203;</dt>
740 <dd>
741 <p>This option is only valid for <code>push</code> command.</p>
742 <div class="paragraph">
743 <p>The new stash entry records the modified states only for the files
744 that match the pathspec. The index entries and working tree files
745 are then rolled back to the state in HEAD only for these files,
746 too, leaving files that do not match the pathspec intact.</p>
747 </div>
748 <div class="paragraph">
749 <p>For more details, see the <em>pathspec</em> entry in <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>.</p>
750 </div>
751 </dd>
752 <dt class="hdlist1">&lt;stash&gt;</dt>
753 <dd>
754 <p>This option is only valid for <code>apply</code>, <code>branch</code>, <code>drop</code>, <code>pop</code>,
755 <code>show</code> commands.</p>
756 <div class="paragraph">
757 <p>A reference of the form <code>stash@</code>{<em>&lt;revision&gt;</em>}. When no <em>&lt;stash&gt;</em> is
758 given, the latest stash is assumed (that is, <code>stash@</code>{0}).</p>
759 </div>
760 </dd>
761 </dl>
762 </div>
763 </div>
764 </div>
765 <div class="sect1">
766 <h2 id="_discussion">DISCUSSION</h2>
767 <div class="sectionbody">
768 <div class="paragraph">
769 <p>A stash entry is represented as a commit whose tree records the state
770 of the working directory, and its first parent is the commit at <code>HEAD</code>
771 when the entry was created. The tree of the second parent records the
772 state of the index when the entry is made, and it is made a child of
773 the <code>HEAD</code> commit. The ancestry graph looks like this:</p>
774 </div>
775 <div class="literalblock">
776 <div class="content">
777 <pre> .----W
779 -----H----I</pre>
780 </div>
781 </div>
782 <div class="paragraph">
783 <p>where <code>H</code> is the <code>HEAD</code> commit, <code>I</code> is a commit that records the state
784 of the index, and <code>W</code> is a commit that records the state of the working
785 tree.</p>
786 </div>
787 </div>
788 </div>
789 <div class="sect1">
790 <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
791 <div class="sectionbody">
792 <div class="dlist">
793 <dl>
794 <dt class="hdlist1">Pulling into a dirty tree</dt>
795 <dd>
796 <p>When you are in the middle of something, you learn that there are
797 upstream changes that are possibly relevant to what you are
798 doing. When your local changes do not conflict with the changes in
799 the upstream, a simple <code>git</code> <code>pull</code> will let you move forward.</p>
800 <div class="paragraph">
801 <p>However, there are cases in which your local changes do conflict with
802 the upstream changes, and <code>git</code> <code>pull</code> refuses to overwrite your
803 changes. In such a case, you can stash your changes away,
804 perform a pull, and then unstash, like this:</p>
805 </div>
806 <div class="listingblock">
807 <div class="content">
808 <pre>$ git pull
810 file foobar not up to date, cannot merge.
811 $ git stash
812 $ git pull
813 $ git stash pop</pre>
814 </div>
815 </div>
816 </dd>
817 <dt class="hdlist1">Interrupted workflow</dt>
818 <dd>
819 <p>When you are in the middle of something, your boss comes in and
820 demands that you fix something immediately. Traditionally, you would
821 make a commit to a temporary branch to store your changes away, and
822 return to your original branch to make the emergency fix, like this:</p>
823 <div class="listingblock">
824 <div class="content">
825 <pre># ... hack hack hack ...
826 $ git switch -c my_wip
827 $ git commit -a -m "WIP"
828 $ git switch master
829 $ edit emergency fix
830 $ git commit -a -m "Fix in a hurry"
831 $ git switch my_wip
832 $ git reset --soft HEAD^
833 # ... continue hacking ...</pre>
834 </div>
835 </div>
836 <div class="paragraph">
837 <p>You can use <em>git stash</em> to simplify the above, like this:</p>
838 </div>
839 <div class="listingblock">
840 <div class="content">
841 <pre># ... hack hack hack ...
842 $ git stash
843 $ edit emergency fix
844 $ git commit -a -m "Fix in a hurry"
845 $ git stash pop
846 # ... continue hacking ...</pre>
847 </div>
848 </div>
849 </dd>
850 <dt class="hdlist1">Testing partial commits</dt>
851 <dd>
852 <p>You can use <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>push</code> <code>--keep-index</code> when you want to make two or
853 more commits out of the changes in the work tree, and you want to test
854 each change before committing:</p>
855 <div class="listingblock">
856 <div class="content">
857 <pre># ... hack hack hack ...
858 $ git add --patch foo # add just first part to the index
859 $ git stash push --keep-index # save all other changes to the stash
860 $ edit/build/test first part
861 $ git commit -m 'First part' # commit fully tested change
862 $ git stash pop # prepare to work on all other changes
863 # ... repeat above five steps until one commit remains ...
864 $ edit/build/test remaining parts
865 $ git commit foo -m 'Remaining parts'</pre>
866 </div>
867 </div>
868 </dd>
869 <dt class="hdlist1">Saving unrelated changes for future use</dt>
870 <dd>
871 <p>When you are in the middle of massive changes and you find some
872 unrelated issue that you don&#8217;t want to forget to fix, you can do the
873 change(s), stage them, and use <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>push</code> <code>--staged</code> to stash them
874 out for future use. This is similar to committing the staged changes,
875 only the commit ends-up being in the stash and not on the current branch.</p>
876 <div class="listingblock">
877 <div class="content">
878 <pre># ... hack hack hack ...
879 $ git add --patch foo # add unrelated changes to the index
880 $ git stash push --staged # save these changes to the stash
881 # ... hack hack hack, finish current changes ...
882 $ git commit -m 'Massive' # commit fully tested changes
883 $ git switch fixup-branch # switch to another branch
884 $ git stash pop # to finish work on the saved changes</pre>
885 </div>
886 </div>
887 </dd>
888 <dt class="hdlist1">Recovering stash entries that were cleared/dropped erroneously</dt>
889 <dd>
890 <p>If you mistakenly drop or clear stash entries, they cannot be recovered
891 through the normal safety mechanisms. However, you can try the
892 following incantation to get a list of stash entries that are still in
893 your repository, but not reachable any more:</p>
894 <div class="listingblock">
895 <div class="content">
896 <pre>git fsck --unreachable |
897 grep commit | cut -d\ -f3 |
898 xargs git log --merges --no-walk --grep=WIP</pre>
899 </div>
900 </div>
901 </dd>
902 </dl>
903 </div>
904 </div>
905 </div>
906 <div class="sect1">
907 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
908 <div class="sectionbody">
909 <div class="paragraph">
910 <p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included
911 from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same
912 as what&#8217;s found there:</p>
913 </div>
914 <div class="dlist">
915 <dl>
916 <dt class="hdlist1">stash.showIncludeUntracked</dt>
917 <dd>
918 <p>If this is set to true, the <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>show</code> command will show
919 the untracked files of a stash entry. Defaults to false. See
920 the description of the <em>show</em> command in <a href="git-stash.html">git-stash(1)</a>.</p>
921 </dd>
922 <dt class="hdlist1">stash.showPatch</dt>
923 <dd>
924 <p>If this is set to true, the <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>show</code> command without an
925 option will show the stash entry in patch form. Defaults to false.
926 See the description of the <em>show</em> command in <a href="git-stash.html">git-stash(1)</a>.</p>
927 </dd>
928 <dt class="hdlist1">stash.showStat</dt>
929 <dd>
930 <p>If this is set to true, the <code>git</code> <code>stash</code> <code>show</code> command without an
931 option will show a diffstat of the stash entry. Defaults to true.
932 See the description of the <em>show</em> command in <a href="git-stash.html">git-stash(1)</a>.</p>
933 </dd>
934 </dl>
935 </div>
936 </div>
937 </div>
938 <div class="sect1">
939 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
940 <div class="sectionbody">
941 <div class="paragraph">
942 <p><a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>,
943 <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>,
944 <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a>,
945 <a href="git-reset.html">git-reset(1)</a>,
946 <a href="git-switch.html">git-switch(1)</a></p>
947 </div>
948 </div>
949 </div>
950 <div class="sect1">
951 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
952 <div class="sectionbody">
953 <div class="paragraph">
954 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
955 </div>
956 </div>
957 </div>
958 </div>
959 <div id="footer">
960 <div id="footer-text">
961 Last updated 2023-06-23 13:24:09 -0700
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963 </div>
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